• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.347-358
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• 2013

When analyzing soft tissue of the profile, Subnasale is often used as an important reference point. But there are few studies on the ideal position of the Subnasale. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present an objective reference of the esthetic face relating to the change of Subnasale position in Koreans' profile, and also to determine whether there is concordance between professionals and laypersons in their perception of facial attractiveness. The one determined as appropriate profile portion by experts of pictures taken in women in 20s was selected. The photograph was modified changing the Subnasale anteroposteriorly on the plane perpendicular to the true vertical line, while maintaining the nasolabial angle. The photographs were presented to a group of professionals (9 orthodontists) and 126 laypersons, who were asked to assess the facial attractiveness of the photographs on a VAS independently. The conclusion was obtained. 1. The ideal position of the Subnasale is when the ratio of the distance Lateral canthus~Subnasale : Subnasale~Pronasale is 1.769 : 1. 2. The ideal degrees between the true vertical line passing through Nasion and Subnasale is $5.5^{\circ}$ 3. The professionals recognized every change in the ratio, but the laypersons couldn't differentiate between the change from 1.571 : 1 to 1.769 : 1.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare voice characteristics and voice-related quality of life (K-VRQOL) of the elderly female choir members using perceptual-auditory voice quality evaluation (GRBAS) and K-VRQOL scales. The participants were 77 women over 60 years old who were actively engaged in the choir in either Seoul or Busan. There are two kinds of choirs that indicate different engagement levels: regular choir and church choir. The perceptual-auditory vocal quality evaluation was listened to by / a / vowels and were graded by experts using the GRBAS scale. As a result, when comparing the differences between groups, the elderly female participants of the regular choir showed higher satisfaction in speech using the subjective speech recognition level than the elderly female members who performed in the church choir. In addition, the analysis showed that the satisfaction level was high in the physical function area of the K-VRQOL scale. This study confirmed that choral activities could yield positive results not only in terms of improving voice function in old age, but also to improve the subjective perception level of voice use, thus suggesting the necessity of systematic music programs to improve voices that are aging.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

As a part of the second-year monitoring study on the implementation of the 2015 revised science curriculum in middle schools, this study focuses more on examining middle school science teachers' perceptions on the process-based assessment (PBA). A total of 105 middle school science teachers (44 teachers from science leading schools, 61 teachers from ordinary schools) responded to the survey questionnaire, and 16 teachers participated in interviews. The results include teachers' perceptions on the changes in their teaching and assessment methods, some challenges of implementing PBA, and educational implications of PBA. Survey results indicate that the teachers perceived themselves using more PBA methods after the 2015 revised science curriculum was launched. The teachers in science-leading schools present statistically higher average scores to the items on the PBA utilization than the ones in ordinary schools. However, the teachers felt confused in conceptually differentiating PBA from prior performance-based assessment. They also experienced some conflicts when implementing PBA under the achievement-oriented school atmospheres. In addition, they often faced difficulties in securing objectivity and reliability of PBA and felt the burden of evaluating individual students. This study suggests the necessity of giving more authority and trust to science teachers regarding PBA, constructing more supportive environment to cultivate teacher competency as evaluation experts, and the need to reduce task burden. However, some teachers who actively implemented PBA express some level of satisfaction as observing students' positive reaction to PBA.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2009

This study is to investigate the utilization of Indoor Proscenium Stage Zone Lighting method in the dancing performance. In other words, it is about how we can utilize the principle of zone lighting in dancing performance, a kind of stage art. Stage lights give lights on the stage. Therefore they play big and important roles in dancing performances. Lightings make big influence on the overall atvosphere and situations of the dancing work but most of dancers do not perceive their importance and furthermore they don't know about the lightings very well. To let them know about stage lightings better, we studied lightings form the perspective of the dancers who face the lightings without great knowledge thresh the articles and literature related general lightings and lighting design, books related to stage lightings and dancing lightings, previous studies and academic articles. The most important part of this study is to understand and utilize the principle of zone lightiing. Zone lighting is generally called as cross lighting, which means single light from the crossed two lights. When looking into the principle of the zone lighting of the Indoor Proscenium Stage, it means 45 degree lighting from both sides of the top form the point of the dancer When more than two lights are used, the angle of the light should be $90^{\circ}$or 120. It is the principle of the lighting technology showing the face and body of the dancers ing three dimension. Applying for the principle of this zone lighting to the dancing performance of Indoor Proscenium Stage, the lighting methods and the usage of the lightings were studied. As shown above, the role of the lighting is very important in dancing configuration. We hope that the perception on the dancing lighting will be changed and studies on the dancing lightings. By understanding and applying more principles of lighting, we will make efforts to make better dancing performance and dancing conporsers and dancers shall make more efforts and studies on lighting for better works. Through such efforts, we can have more experts and professionals In dancing lighting field and they will help us to describe and express the intention of the dancing work better as dancing artists. We hope that there will be better quality performances through more and diversified studies in this field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4514-4523
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• 2013

Currently the number of unsold housing is rapid increasing over again in the Seoul Metropolitan area. So this research analyzed effective and possible solutions focus on the potential customers and professionals. There was a research method setting up alternative solutions from the existing researches and the other suggestions though FGI (Focus Group Interview) by professionals. And then it investigated the efficient ways to resolve those problems through Conjoint Analysis. According to the result of this paper, firstly the customers considered 'financial supports', 'self-rescue efforts for construction companies' and 'taxation support' than the other. On the other hand, professionals evaluated 'publicly purchased housing' and 'new housing policies' were more essential solutions besides, both of them recognized the importance of ;financial support'. Secondly there were some ideas that it was necessary to more less control LTV (Loan to Value ratio) and DIT ( Debt to Income) and the LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) buy unsold housing. Finally the government and housing association had to manage and intervene the supply of housing within metropolitan area and restrict to building new properties and the construction companies actively provide less strict standard terms and conditions in contract for purchasing housing for instance, the decline of housing sale price or interest-free and so on.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

In Korea, most of the locations of the cemeteries and burial vault are in forest lands. The utilization of forest land for this particular purpose is very inefficent and considered to be a serious problem. National government (Forest Service), local governments (Incheon city), and religious corporation (eunhoe Temple) are creating new burial methods to solve the inefficiency in forest utilization. In this study, awareness of Koreans and Japaneses on tree burial problems were compared. Based from the results of the survey, more than 80% of the respondents are aware of the problems. However, the burial culture in Korea still has many problems. Operation and management of tree burial is not being done by experts and sufficient information regarding to this type of burial still needs to developed. To solve these problems, eco-friendly burial, which is considered as new funeral culture, is now being created. In the case of Ichinoseki City in Iwate prefecture in Japan, improving the residential environment greatly affected the tree burial practices. This town was chosen for this study due to its characteristics of being a tourism area which greatly affecting the economy of this town. Another study site of this study was located in Sangju city. The changing social environement and the perception of the people regarding on the services being provided to the people were examined thru questionnaire survey. Specifically, this study analyzed the practices and beliefs of the people regarding the tree burial culture.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

It has been 16 years since the government announced its first Ocean Education Policy in 2005. Although the public consensus on the importance of ocean education has been formed, it is impossible to objectively analyze the impact of the policy on the society or the economy. The aim of this paper was to identify differences in perceptions and behaviors about the ocean between groups participating in ocean education and non-participating groups and to analyze the effectiveness of ocean education by developing measurement indicators for the value that individuals gave to ocean education services. To conduct this study, first, the value of ocean education was defined and value items that could be provided to individuals were classified. Second, to develop indicators that could measure classified value items, a Delphi survey was conducted to collect opinions of various experts. Third, by measuring the content validity ratio (CVR) for each item, final indicators and questionnaire were derived. As a result of Delphi analysis, 18 items with a CVR value of 0.6 or higher were finally adopted out of 32 indicator items. In the cognitive value category, indicators that could identify an individual's level of knowledge of the ocean, change in perception, and problem-solving ability were selected. In the behavioral value category, indicators were expanded to judge changes in attitudes and relationships toward the ocean and responsible behavior in more detail. This study is meaningful in that it provides the basis for directly judging the value of ocean education service provided by the government to the people. Results of such analysis are expected to contribute to securing a stable budget and the justification for expanding human resources in the government's continuous promotion of ocean education policies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Although several industrial revolutions and technological developments have provided time for modern people, more than 75% of modern people are currently suffering from the problem of "lack of time". Therefore, in this paper, it was judged that it was necessary to improve the mobile APP service for efficient time management of modern people, and a study was conducted on the development of usability evaluation tools. First, the current status was analyzed through case studies of six time management apps with different purposes, and then usability studies were conducted to establish a total of five evaluation principles with operability, cognition, user suitability, minimization of work errors, and sharing. Based on this, a draft of the time management mobile app usability evaluation item was prepared, and a total of 44 usability evaluation tool items were derived through three Delphi surveys of design experts over 5 years and less than 10 years. As a result, intuitive screen and menu composition and user's perception of content were evaluated as the most important factors, and conclusions such as the need to improve the structure and function of the main content screen for user error prevention and usability were drawn. This study will not only contribute to improving the usability of existing time management mobile apps, but will also be used as a material for designing an integrated time management platform for efficient time management and purpose promotion in the future, and is expected to be used as an academic reference.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.154-171
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• 2011

Assessing values in establishing conservation principles has been at the heart of discussions for the last twenty years since conservation has been recognised as a social process to include various kinds of stakeholders for making a rational decision rather than a single scientific activity by a small group of experts. Such perception makes values attributed to cultural heritage important in deciding the reason why, the way how to, and the thing what to conserve making value assessment become crucial theme to understand and developing value-based conservation process. However heritage values, the way of assessing them, and establishing value-based conservation principles have been less studied in Korea. This thesis aims to initiate studies of heritage values and encourage discussion for setting out value-based conservation principles. It has three main chapters: 1. to analytically review previous studies on value assessment to redelineate various kinds of values which can be attributed to Korean cultural heritage; 2. to examine affecting factors in assessing values and significance, which are authenticity and historical and cultural dimension of value assessment; 3. to develop a process to establish value-based conservation principles. This study left several areas to be developed in future studies: 1. deeper understanding of various kinds of values from local perspective taking actual cases; 2. addressing problems in compromising conflicting values and providing solution to conserve all attributed values withing devaluing certain aspects of values; 3. providing guidance for practicing value - based decision - making process and setting out regular training opportunities for heritage - related professionals.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2019

The failure of company management that does not overcome the recession of shipping economy has negative impact on front-end and back-end industries in relation to shipping industry overall. This study aims to derive a measure of government policy support for win-win of ship owners and shippers by performing a survey with experts in ship owners, shippers, and port-related institutions. This study employed a consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR) method to provide the priority of government policies. The study results showed that out of all 14 policies, the policy perceived most important was "expansion of participation in share of shipping company or ships of shipper (0.102)" followed by "strengthening of national shipper-centered service quality (0.101)", and "providing a long-term transportation contract model of container cargo (0.085)". To recover the Korean shipping industry via win-win of ship owners and shipper, the policy enforcement is important through correct government policy establishment and priority selection. In this regard, this study contributed to proposing policies and priority of the policies. For the future study, detailed analysis on comparison of perception difference among stakeholders in the shipping industry is needed.