• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.589-598
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• 1995

Filtering rates of Crassostrea gigas were experimentally investigated with reference to effects of water temperature and size. Absorptiometric determinations of filtering rates with oysters being fed diatom Chaetoceros calcirtans were carried out in a closed system. Optical density of 675nm in path length 100mm cell used as the indication of food particles absorption was appeared directly In proportion with the concentration of diatom pigment $chlorophyll-\alpha$. In the closed system where $C_0$ is $OD_{675}$ at initial time 0, $C_t$, at time t, and Z is the decreasing coefficient of OD as meaning of instantaneous removal speed, then $C_t=C_0{\cdot} e^{-2t}$, $Z=In(C_t/C_0)/t$. On the assumption that the filtering rate is constant, then removal rate per unit time (d) is $d=-e^{-z}$. If t is used to time unit of hour (hr), the filtering rate (FR) in I/hr is given by $FR=V{\cdot}d=V(1-e^{-z})$, where V is the water volume (I) of the experimental vessel. Filtering rate increased as exponential function with increasing temperature while not over critical limit. The critical temperature for filtering rate was assumed to be between $28^{\circ}C$ and $29^{\circ}C$. And the weight exponent for filtering rate is 0.223. The model formula derived from the results as FR, $Ihr^{-1}$ = $Exp(0.208{\cdot}T-4.324){\cdot} (DW)^{0.223}$ (T<29 $^{\circ}C)$ where T is water temperature $(^{\circ}C

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2008

As the high-rise building increase due to the gravitation of population to big cities recently, it requires high quality and high performance of Concrete. As a result, people are keenly interested in Meta-kaolin as new admixture favorable from an economic perspective, which has strength and endurance with admixture at the same level like Silicafume. Accordingly, as to Meta-kaolin, this study was to set by three levels like domestic one, foreign one, and Silicafume, the waterbinding material ratio 25%, and four level substitute like 0, 10, 20, and 30(%) in order to compare and analyze the quality characteristics of high-strength concrete according to the substitute of Meta-kaolin applicable with replacement of Silicafume. As a result of performing experiment, as to the higher the additive amount of Superplasticizing agents in order to secure target liquidity was, the more the substitute in each admixture increased. This study had a tendency that the Silicafume increased the additive amount of Superplasticizing agents with high fineness compared with Meta-kaolin. In addition, the higher the substitute in each admixture was, the more its strength increased On the strength property, the higher the substitute in each admixture was, the more its strength increased. This study has found out that the Meta-kaolin has shown the better strength than the one of Silicafume. On the other hand, the relationship between the Compressive strength and Elastic coefficient has shown the similar formula suggested from ACI363.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.319-336
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• 2015

Objectives: The object of this study was to evaluate the cognition and motor function recovery effects of Sungshim-san (SSS), a traditional Korean cardio-protective polyherbal formula in the severe rat stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 6 groups. SSS aqueous extracts (yield=16.82%; 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally by using Sonde, once daily, for 28 continuous days from 24 hrs post-pMCAO. Donepezil 10 mg/kg, a representative drug for dementia, was used as a reference drug. The body weight changes, infarct/defect sizes, sensorimotor function and cognitive motor behavior were serially monitored. Limb placing and body-swing test for sensorimotor functions were conducted at 1 day before operation (base line), and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-pMCAO; and water maze test for the cognitive motor behavior was conducted at 14 and 28 days post-pMCAO, respectively. Results: Focal cerebral cortex infarct and defects due to pMCAO resulted in marked decreases of body weight, disorders of sensorimotor functions and cognitive motor behaviors. However, the pMCAO-related ischemic damages were markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Donepezil markedly decreased the body weight and gains, as compared with pMCAO control rats; however, SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg favorably ameliorated the pMCAO-induced decreases in body weight and gains. SSS 100 mg/kg treated rats did not show any favorable effects on the pMCAO-related ischemic damages, as compared with pMCAO control rats. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that oral administration of SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg accelerated cognition and motor function recovery in the rat pMCAO model. The treatment effect was potentially mediated by neuroprotection via the known augmentation of cerebral antioxidant defense system of SSS itself or its individual herbal components. Especially, the overall effects of SSS 200 mg/kg were similar to those of donepezil 10 mg/kg, but less toxic.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2004

The effects of water, rye flour and vital gluten on the sensory properties of bread were studied by response surface methodology and sensory evaluations. A response surface model was used to evaluate the effects observed and to determine the optimum variations for rye bread. The study included 12 combinations of the following independent variables: Water(57, 62, 67%), Rye flour(0, 10, 30, 50%), and Vital gluten(0, 1, 3, 5%). Bread quality attributes determined were specific volume, color, texture, appearance, taste, chewiness, moisture, overall. Rye bread specific volume, sensory evaluation values and Instrumental testing results were significantly affected by variety (water, rye flour and vital gluten). Rye bread with a high specific volume was produced using water 67%, rye flour 10% and vital gluten 3%. Whereas, rye breads with a high overall sensory evaluation were water 62 %, rye flour 10 % and vital gluten 5%. And Specific volume predicted and overall preference also was shown high. It was shown that the experimental design used provided information about the rye bread of variation of water, rye flour and vital gluten and can be a useful supplement to standardized and optimized formulas in rye bread making. The results suggest that water, rye flour, vital gluten can be combined in rye bread making at various levels, contributing to optimize the functional properties of rye bread. These result represents that breads loaf volume related to directly consumer preference.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.201-207
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an effective method to block illegal gambling advertisement on social media. With the increase of smartphone and internet usage, users can easily access various information while sharing information such as text and video with a large number of others. In addition, illegal sports gambling advertisements are also continue to be transmitted on SNS. To avoid most surveillance networks, users are easily exposed to illegal sports gambling advertisement images by including phrases in the images that indicate illegal sports gambling advertisements. In order to cope with these problems, we proposed a method to actively block illegal sports gambling advertisements in a way different from the conventional passive methods. In this paper, we select words frequently used for illegal sports gambling, classifies them into three groups according to their importance, calculate WF for each word using weighted formula by degree of relevance and frequency, and then sum the WF of the words in the image. Blocking, warning, and passing were determined by cv, the total of WF. Experimenting with the proposed method, 193 out of 200 experimental images were correctly judged with 96.5% accuracy, and even though 7 images were illegal sports gambling advertisements. Further research is needed to block 3.5% of illegal sports betting ads that cannot be blocked in the future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1991

The complete life cycle of Echinostoma hertense has been maintained in the laboratory, using Lymnaea persia snails and Rana nigromaculata tadpoles as the first and second intermediate hosts. ICR mice was used as the definitive host. Within the egg of 5. hotense, the miracidium was fully matured in 13 days of incubation at $29~30^{\circ}C$. The miracidium was $93.8{\times}53.6{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average size, covered with numerous cilia of $7~11{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ length. The epidermal plates were arranged in 6-8-4-2 formula. The first generation rediae ($1.19{\times}0.27{\;}mm$ in average size) were observed in 14 days after miracidial challenge to the snails, and the second generation rediae ($1.40{\times}0.26{\;}mm$ in average size) in 30 days. The average sixte of the cercaria was $295.5{\times}145.0{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$. Their head crown was poorly developed, and collar spines were not yet observed. After a cercarial challenge to the tadpoles, all of the tadpoles became infected and the average worm recovery rate was 88.5%. The majority of the metacercariae (75.5%) were recovered from the muscle of the tadpole's posterior body and the rest (24.3%) from their gills. The metacercariae from the tadpoles were elliptical, and $167.7{\times}129.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average size. The recovery rate of adults from the mice was difFerent by the age of the metacercariae grown in the tadpoles. The metacercariae younger than 5 hrs could not infect mice whereas those older than 6 hrs could infect mice. The recovery rate became higher as the metacercaria matured, with the peak recovery rate of 90.0 % at the metacercarial age of 9 days. Thereafter the recovery rate decreased to 55.0% at the age of 50 days. As shown by the above results, the whole life cycle of E. hcrtense has been completed in the laboratory. At least 55~58 days were required to maintain one egg-to-egg cycle of E. hortense.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

This study has intended to evaluate the forest recreation functions to seek methods to designate the recreational areas inside a recreation forest. This study has Mt. Chung-ok in Korea as a study area to which Quantification method II as a valuation measure was applied. This study also has chosen a degree of recreational utility as an external criterion and six factors including Forest type, Forest age, Slope, Riparian area, Road, and Facility for the 173 stands in this area. As a result, absolute discriminated success rate was obtained, so that the first and second estimated correlation ratios were 82% and 74%, respectively. Road and Slope had great influences on the potential power of recreational functions. In the category, recreational function was more influenced by the existence of road and the lower degree of slope. Also, this study has drawn an evaluation map, which displayed the potential power of recreational functions by classifying three discrimination points such as H(High), M(Medium), and L(Low) through calculating the degree of recreational utility of the recreation forest for the stands by applying an estimation formula of recreational function in the stands. This study seems to be worthwhile in terms of actual, experimental, and intuitive interpretation for the degree of recreational utility calculated by using Quantification method theory.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of the complexed herbal formula, Haeamdan (HAD). Methods : Seven Cancer cell lines, LoVo, MCF-7, AGS, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, LL/2, were prepared and the cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-dephenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. HAD was applied with various concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml to figure out the appropriate dosage. ICR male mice were intraperitoneally implanted with Sarcoma 180 and divided into 8 species for each group. Control group was treated with normal saline, positive control group was treated with cyclophosphamide 8mg/kg, and experimental group was treated with HAD 1g/kg. Results : Among seven cancer cell lines, HAD exhibited strong cytotoxic activities to followed four cancer cell lines, that is, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, and LL/2. These cytotoxic activity was expressed under 0.50 mg/ml of IC50 under 0.1~1mg/ml of OBW. When Sarcoma 180 cancer cell was implanted in ICR male mice and treated with the HAD, HAD prolonged the median overall survival for 3.6 days, from 17.5 to 21.1 days. Conclusion : HAD showed strong cytotoxicity to the cancer cells, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, on in vitro study and it showed anti-tumor activity in vivo with the peritoneal cancer mice by prolonging the median survival for 3.6 days. Further researches would be expected to support the anti-tumor efficacy of HAD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.548-553
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate effects of KH-305 on erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemic rat. KH-305 has been evaluated for antihyperlipidemic and antierectile dysfunction effects on experimental hyperlipidemic rats induced by high cholesterol-diet. After oral administration of KH-305 water extract (50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg) to hyperlipidemic rats for 8 weeks, the variables including body weight, total cholesterol, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum, the expression of eNOS and nNOS in penis were measured. Also, erectile function was determined by the measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve. Oral administration of KH-305 extracts significantly inhibited the increase of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and the decrease of serum HDL-cholesterol level in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high fat diet. The penile expression level of the two enzymes (eNOS, nNOS) were increased significantly after oral administration of the KH-305 extracts. Erectile function after 10 volts stimulation was significantly decreased in the hyperlipidemic rat compared with the normal rat, but increased in KH-305 group compared with hyperlipidemic group. These results suggest that KH-305 is effective for erectile dysfunction in hyperipidemia.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a relational formula for observing high - resolution rainfall using vehicle rain sensor. The vehicle rain sensor consists of eight channels. Each channel generates a sensor signal by detecting the amount of rainfall on the windshield of the vehicle when rainfall occurs. The higher the rainfall, the lower the sensor signal is. Using these characteristics of the sensor signal generated by the rain sensor, we developed a relational expression. In order to generate specific rainfall, an artificial rainfall generator was constructed and the change of the sensor signal according to the variation of the rainfall amount in the artificial rainfall generator was analyzed. Among them, the optimal sensor channel which reflects various rainfall amounts through the sensitivity analysis was selected. The sensor signal was generated in 5 minutes using the selected channel and the representative values of the generated 5 - minute sensor signals were set as the average, 25th, 50th, and 75th quartiles. The calculated rainfall values were applied to the actual rainfall data using the constructed relational equation and the calculated rainfall amount was compared with the rainfall values observed at the rainfall station. Although the reliability of the relational expression was somewhat lower than that of the data of the verification result data, it was judged that the experimental data of the residual range was insufficient. The rainfall value was calculated by applying the developed relation to the actual rainfall, and compared with the rainfall value generated by the ground rainfall observation instrument observed at the same time to verify the reliability. As a result, the rain sensor showed a fine rainfall of less than 0.5 mm And the average observation error was 0.36mm.