• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role expectation of Clinical Nurse Specialist(CNS) in A tertiary-affiliated hospital in Seoul. Data were surveyed from Jul. 8, to Jul. 20, 1996. 74 medical doctors and 119 nurses participated in this survey. For data analysis, SPSS/PC+ program was used: ${\chi}2-test$, t-test, ANOVA. The difference was analyzed by the subjects' position and department. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The perception about the CNS system : Most of the subjects of study perceived that the introduction of CNS system was needed. And the introduction time of CNS system was demanded as fast as possible, or after special preparation. 2. The comparison of the need for the subroles of the CNS in A tertiary-affiliated hospital : The need for the subroles(0=not known, 1=not needed to 4=absolutely essential) was significantly different between medical doctors and nurses. The total mean scores for degree of need for each subole were as follows: Education 3.37, Consultant 3.34, Researcher 3.29, Direct care provider 2.86. 3. The comparison of the percent of time spent in A tertiary-affiliated hospital : The percent of time spent was significantly different between medical doctors and nurses. The total mean percent of time spent in the five subroles was as follows: Direct care provider 34.9%, Educator 23.9%, Researcher 18.9%, Consultant 12.8%, and Management/Change agent 9.5% According to the study results, suggestions were made: 1. Further study for the need of the CNS role as direct care provider is needed, after correcting the items within the narrow scope in some clinical department. 2. Development of the detail roles for the extent of autonomy is needed, and validity should be tested. And then they will be used for the basic data of the role development of the CNS.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.21-35
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of family values and expectations for social support on marriage intention among male and female college students. This study involved 427 male and female college students attending colleges located in Seoul. The results are as follows: First, college students in this study tended to have relatively traditional family values in sub-scales including value of children, value of marriage and gender role attitude. Moreover, college students were found to have relatively high expectations toward social support and marriage intention. Second, male students had a higher traditional tendency for all sub-scales of family values including value of children, value of marriage and gender role attitude compared to female students. In addition, they tended to have higher expectations on social support and marriage intention than female students. Third, a greater intention to marry was seen in male students having more traditional values of children and a higher expectation toward future income. The value of children was found to be the most influential factor on marriage intention of male students in the present study. On the contrary, marriage intention was higher in female students the older they were, the greater the expectation of informal support, the lower the expectation of future income, and the more the traditional attitudes toward marriage. Informal support was found to be the most influential factor on marriage intention of female students in the present study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

The paper examines the characteristics and causes of the expectation gap of audit and assurance services. The paper has conducted three surveys with three target groups. In the first survey, participants are auditors, users of audit reports are subject in the second survey and in the third survey, and students major in auditing are selected. The content of the survey aims to find out the differences in perception of the survey participants on two issues: (i) responsibilities of auditors for detection frauds, errors, protection of the enterprise's assets and financial scandals, and (ii) the role of audit and auditors in making investment decisions and investor's belief. The research carried out survey from March to September 2019 with 165 responds. The collected data was processed by statistical software SPSS, version 23, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the results of the audit expectation gap between the auditor group and the users of audit report group and between the student group and users of audit report group. The results showed that there exists an expectation gap in the responsibility of auditors for detection of all frauds, errors and protection enterprise's assets. Recommendations include strengthening audit standards, penalizing bad practices and ensuring auditor's independence.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of mentoring function on job motivation and nursing performance through self-efficacy and outcome expectation. Methods: It was conducted with 226 nurses working in the 5 hospitals of B and G cities. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 18.0 and AMOS 16.0. Results: Mentoring was found to have a direct effect on outcome expectation (${\beta}=0.314$, p < 0.001), and outcome expectation had a direct effect on job motivation (${\beta}=-0.333$, p < 0.001) and nursing performance (${\beta}=0.341$, p < 0.001). Job motivation was found to affect nursing performance (${\beta}=0.268$, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that mentoring function plays an important role in improving nursing performance, so it is necessary to develop and apply a mentoring program for nurses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.657-666
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to test the direct relationship and the indirect relationship of the perceived organizational support to lecturers' research motivation through "expectation" factor (belief in ability). The subject of the study is lecturers who are teaching and researching in the fields of economic, management and business administration at universities in Vietnam. The questionnaires were directly sent to lecturers at scientific conferences, sent out via e-mail and Facebook, the questionnaires were designed on google docs and directly sent to the lecturers. The detailed sample includes 475 respondents. The results of a quantitative analysis with a research sample of 475 lecturers in economics universities in Vietnam show that it is impossible to separate between lecturers' research ability and motivation. Lecturers with increased expectation (in terms of capability) also have increased research motivation, and vice versa. At the same time, the research also affirms the role of perceived organizational support, which not only has a direct positive impact on research motivation, but also increases expectation, thus, indirectly influence research motivation. This suggests that the solution for managers who want to improve research motivation by having measures to increase the expectation for the lecturers through various forms of organizational support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.702-713
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu${\cdot}$Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.

• CRM연구
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2009

This research focused on the moderating role of the influence an expectation exerts on a performance by a regional festival and the experience to get visitor's feeling and satisfaction. A survey design was used for the last analysis targeted for the respondent who experienced an experience directly targeted for the regional where a regional festival is promoted actively targeted for the visitor. Results are show a positive influence on the expectation exerts on a performance of festival. In addition, it was confirmed that festival experience activity the role important to feeling and satisfaction of a visitor. We suggest, therefore, that it has to raise the efficiency of the strengthening of an experience program to raise an performance of festival participants and the festival manage to draw out the various feeling formation and satisfaction through participation customers' segmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 1998

This paper investigates how the factor inputs of firms are affected by the expectation about land-price increase in the future. We develope a two-factor (land and labor) model, in which expectation about land-price increase plays a key role in determining the "optimal" input level of labor and land. Expecting capital gains from input of the land when land price increases, firms input land up to the point where the marginal productivity of land falls short of the marginal cost of purchasing the land, in order to maximize the "joint-profit". That is, firms have an incentive to use more land than they do when capital gains are not expected. We mean joint-profit by profit in the standard sense plus capital gains. Once the land is input "excessively", the productivity of labor increase and labor is also input more, since land and labor are assumed as complementary in production. This mechanism works in the opposite direction when land price decrease. This paper suggests that land price fluctuation is a major destabilizer of an economy.or destabilizer of an economy.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.420-448
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• 2009

This paper aims at advancing the understanding of human communication by reflecting the role of the consciousness of time in television communication. As the past, the present and the future are not independent realities, but co-exist in the human consciousness, the 'experience' and the 'expectation' are used as two essential conceptual tools which explain the mechanism of operation of the consciousness of time. The man anticipates the future based on the experience updated in the present, and chooses a present action and feels an emotion according to the expectation. The consciousness of time is extended to the symbolic instrument of time and the dominant vision of the world in the process of the socialization. The role of the consciousness of time in television communication is analyzed in both genres of information and fiction based on the media characteristics of television. The information and the fiction genres oppose to each other according to their relationships to the reality, but it turned out that their effects of communication such as enjoyment and novelty depends in common on the way of using the televiewer's consciousness of time.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.237-251
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relations between maternal parenting, mother-adolescent conflict, and middle adolescents' self-esteem with a sample of 271 high school students enrolled in 2nd year at high school in Seoul, and their mothers. Data was analysed using correlations and regression analyses. Maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were positively related with and maternal physical abuse and neglect were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem. Maternal over-expectation and intrusiveness were not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In both adolescents' and mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was related negatively with adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but was negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In adolescents' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict, which maternal over-expectation, intrusiveness, neglect, and physical abuse were positively related with mother-adolescent conflict. In mothers' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict. Mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict in relation of maternal parenting and adolescent self-esteem were examined. In adolescents' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by male adolescents played a mediating role between maternal monitoring, reasoning and physical abuse, representatively, and adolescent self-esteem. And mother-adolescent conflict perceived by female adolescents played a mediating role between maternal parenting with the expectation of maternal affection and adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by mothers only played mediating role between maternal monitoring and adolescent self-esteem. So, mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict were more emphasized in the adolescents' report than in the mothers' report. Therefore, the fact that maternal parenting except affection affects the adolescent self-esteem indirectly through mother-adolescent conflict can be found. Implying that maternal affection is crucial in implying positive self-esteem of adolescents.