• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2011

Objective: This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002-2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers. Method: This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixedregression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity. Results: Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20-29: 1.16, men aged 30-39: 0.61, men aged 40-49: 0.05, women aged 20-29: 0.35, women aged 30-39: 0.30, women aged 40 -49: 0.26, and women aged 50-59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week. Conclusions: Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Exercising Activity, muscle mass, Muscular strength and cognitive function of 274 elderly people aged 65 years and older living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do As for the data collection methods, were measured the Exercising Activity, muscle mass and muscular strength and the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) and digit span test were measured. The results are as follows First, there was a statistically significant correlation between Exercising activity, muscle mass, muscular strength, and cognitive function of the elderly. Second, Exercising activity of the elderly showed a positive (+) influence on muscle mass, muscular strength, and cognitive function. Third, the muscle mass of the elderly showed a statistically significant (+) influence on muscular strength and cognitive function. Fourth, the strength of the elderly showed a positive (+) influence on cognitive function.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and nutrient intake data in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using the forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 data. A total of 834 Korean adolescents (440 boys, 394 girls) aged 12 to 18 years were classified into exercising male (EM), non-exercising male (NM), exercising female (EF), and non-exercising female (NF) groups. EM exhibited significantly higher weight (P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (P<0.01) and body mass index (EMI) (P<0.001) than NM. EF showed significantly greater height (P<0.01), weight (P<0.001), we (P<0.001), and BMI (P<0.001) than NF. Although ratios of macronutrient intake were within the appropriate range in all groups, energy, riboflavin, vitamin e and calcium were assessed as in adequate by the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) in all groups. Moreover, EF and NF had inadequate intake of vitamin A and iron according to NAR, respectively. There were significant correlations between height and NAR protein (r=0.249, P<0.001), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) (r=0.177, P<0.01), and between weight and NAR protein (r=0.180, P<0.01), and MAR(r=0.136, P<0.05) in EM. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between weight and NAR protein (r=0.270, P<0.01), we and NAR protein (r=0.271, P<0.01), and BMI and NAR protein (r=0.326, P<0.01) in NM. There were significant correlations height and NAR Fe (r=0.153, P<0.05) in EF. However, there were no significant correlations between metabolic factors and nutritional adequacy in NF. Although we noted no significant differences in MAR between the groups, the exercising groups showed higher MAR values than the non-exercising groups. Therefore, practicing of ideal dietary behaviors appears to be induced through physical activity and regular exercise in Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

Recently, many human activity recognition(HAR) researches using smartphone sensor data have been studied. HAR can be utilized in various fields, such as life pattern analysis, exercise measurement, and dangerous situation detection. However researches have been focused on recognition of basic human behaviors or efficient battery use. In this paper, exercising activities performed indoors and outdoors were defined and recognized. Data collection and pre-processing is performed to recognize the defined activities by SVM, random forest and gradient boosting model. In addition, the recognition result is determined based on voting class approach for accuracy and stable performance. As a result, the proposed activities were recognized with high accuracy and in particular, similar types of indoor and outdoor exercising activities were correctly classified.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

For the purpose of disclosing the effects of progressive low intensity exercise on the activity of the elderly, questionnaire survey and physical fitness examination were performed on the subjects who were 65 years old or older. The subjects were assigned into two groups using paired matching on gender and age: experimental group (33 persons) and control groups (35 persons). The subjects in experimental group was put on the low intensity exercise program (exercising upper and lower limbs for 12 weeks using dumbbell and lead-packed weight). The results showed that the difference of physical and social behavior scores among activities before and after exercise were significantly higher in all variables of general characteristics, health habits and status, perception, and physical fitness. The findings of this research suggested that the progressive low intensity exercise improves the activities of the elderly, physical activity, self assessed activity, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, social behavior of the elderly be affected by general characteristics, health habits and status, perception, and physical fitness.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Making aged exercise by their age it unreasonable because there an differences of personal strength of their body. The three elements which control the aged's possibility of exercising effectivencess are the level of the physical strength in the present state, potential capacities of physical strength and age. Examined the physical strength of aged, the pliancy of body is considerably marked decline by and large and fast twitch muscle are withered. The reason why aged often do prime exercise like and infant. Aged are not fit for the speedy exercise and they can give full scope to their ability by continuing the long time exercise. The reason why aged should dwindle is mainly the retardation of recovering their fatigue which is related to the decline of oxygen activity. Anaerobic energy supply reduction makes aged be bad for severe physical exercise. Basal metabolic rate of rely on physical cellular quantity and people exercising has a high basal metabolic rate because of muscular amount. There were no decline of basal metabolic rate fellowing the age and physical non activiti influences on the atrophy of muscle.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of load and speed of treadmill exercise impact on muscle activity and muscle strength. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted for 12 female student from G University. Treadmill exercise was divided into four groups (ULS, LLS, UHS, LHS). Results: 1) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, UHS (p<0.05). 2) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in LLS, LHS (p<0.05). 3) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, LLS (p<0.05). 4) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in UHS, LHS (p<0.05). 5 There was significant difference in muscle strength in LHS (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercising with high speed and load has more influence on the muscle activity and muscle strength of the lower extremities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Energy production and the rebuilding and repair of muscle tissue by physical activity require folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ as a cofactor. Thus, this study investigated the effects of regular moderate exercise training and durations of acute aerobic exercise on plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations in moderate exercise trained rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Fifty rats underwent non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The ET group performed moderate exercise on a treadmill for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. At the end of week 5, each group was subdivided into 4 groups: non-exercise and 3 exercise groups. The non-exercise group (E0) was sacrificed without exercising and the 3 exercise groups were sacrificed immediately after exercising on a treadmill for 0.5 h (E0.5), 1 h (E1), and 2 h (E2). Blood samples were collected and plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ were analyzed. RESULTS: After exercise training, plasma folate level was significantly lower and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was significantly higher in the ET group compared with the NT group (P < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations. In both the NT and ET groups, plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ were not significantly changed by increasing duration of aerobic exercise. Plasma folate concentration of E0.5 was significantly lower in the ET group compared with that in the NT group. Significantly higher vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were observed in the E0 and E0.5 groups of the ET group compared to those of the NT group. CONCLUSION: Regular moderate exercise training decreased plasma folate and increased plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ levels. However, no significant changes in plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were observed by increasing duration of acute aerobic exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.773-785
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• 2006

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of Iymphocyte and plasma ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in Iymphocyte, while the factors that affect ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-129
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• 2007

This study aims at grasping the relativity between laborers' yangseng level and stress so as to present the groundwork for preventive oriental medicine approach in industrial health. The researcher prepared the questionnaire on general character, health-related yangseng level and chose 632 people to execute Autonomic balance test through heartbeat change. The collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test, ANOVA. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.91, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.32, sex life yangseng 3.29, exercise yangseng 3.14, activities and rest yangseng 3.07, diet yangseng 2.95, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. In the aspect of yangseng level : Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Non-drinking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yanseng levels. In Autonomic balance test, age from 35 to 40 has the highest autonomic activity and job period from 5 years to 10 years has the highest stress resistance. Non-smokers have high autonomic activity and stress resistance. Further, have low autonomic balance, stress index and fatigue strength. In the case of regular exercising person, he/she has high autonomic activity and stress resistance with low stress index. Regarding sleeping time, autonomic balance is the highest when he/she sleeps less than 6 hours. Stress resistance is the highest when he/she sleeps 7 hours and stress index is the highest when he/she sleeps 6 hours. After comparing the relativity between yangseng level autonomic balance test, only exercise yangseng has plus factor on autonomic activity and stress resistance and minus factor on stress ind ex and fatigue strength. Yangseng level has been affected by individual character and daily habits. Also stress is more influenced by daily habits than by individual character. We can find the relativity of exercise yangseng between yangseng and stress which suggests that we need to take measures to win over stress in individual health in the near future.