• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.690-695
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• 2002

Two plate girders bridge has an advantage for execution of works and quality control because of its simplicity of super-structure caused by decreasing in amount of members and also is distinguished as aesthetic bridge type. Recently this has been adopted for structure of highway as well railway and introduced into domestic. In order to plan or design two plate girders bridge more rationably, it is necessary to comprehend its structural behavior as well as to consider the critical resign factors. Thus, in this study the formulation of optimum design for two plate girders bridge is proposed and the critical resign variables ani restraints are considered and founded by caring out optimum design. The objective function of optimization is formulated as a minimum cost design problem. And the thickness and length of I-shaped section are decided as resign variables. The design constraints are formulated based on Design Criteria for Railroad(Bridges). By comparing the optimum results with those of the conventional resign, the effectiveness of proposed optimum design formulation is investigated. From the results, the way to do optimum design of two plate girders bridge is suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2014-2020
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• 2008

The considerable numbers of accidents have been occurred in railway industrials due to human errors by the railway operators, and we recognised that the design of work and the working environment influence the way people behavior. Human factors are a significant contribute to the occurrence of incidents, and that safety education and training guideline need to be designed to railway safety. In order to develop the education and training program guideline for railway operators, we performed investigation not only existing internal training programs and external railway and other industrial's training programs but also education engineering theory and expert interview. As a result we make up guideline to education and training program. The guideline are composed 10 section.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-56
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• 2008

Since the execution of National Health Insurance system in Taiwan, the competition of medical industry is becoming more and more severe. The ways the hospital operate knowledge management (KM) concept, combine current human resources and professional knowledge by information techniques and upgrade the competitiveness through reinvention of organizational culture have become the important issues. This research is based on the relationship between KM and organizational operation, integrates the characteristic of medical institutions and framework of medical knowledge cycle and starts the research subject by questionnaires from three dimensions: current situation of KM construction in medical organizations, executive effect of KM activities and the challenges faced by KM; subsequently, from qualitative interview, this research attempts to understand how a medical organization executes and adjusts in the consideration of theory and reality as well as quality and costs when actually operates the organization. This research accesses to KM system application of medical institutions and the empirical executive benefits and difficulties through questionnaires. The research results are as follows: (1) having initial understanding toward current KM establishment of medical institutions; (2) confirming the most important items of KM establishment of medical organizations; (3) understanding the most difficulty which the medical organizations encounter when executing KM; (4) establishing medical knowledge cycle figure of the hospitals receiving interviews. Through case interview, this research profoundly accessed to the actual operation of KM application of medical organizations. The target hospitals intended to try many medical KM measures; however, during to complicated hospital organizations and cultural characteristics, the promotion was not successful and the results were not apparent. The most difficulty was to change the employees’ behavior. The targets believed that only the continuous promotion of KM can allow it to be an important aspect of organizational culture and the competitiveness could constant be upgraded.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.724-735
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• 2003

In recent high-performance superscalar processors, the result value of an instruction is predicted to improve instruction-level parallelism by breaking data dependencies. Using those predicted values, instructions are speculatively executed and substantial performance can be gained. It, however, requires additional power consumption due to the frequent access and update of the value prediction table. In this paper, first, the trade-off between the performance improvement and the increased power consumption for value prediction is measured and analyzed. And, in order to reduce additional power consumption without performance loss, the technique of controlling speculative execution with confidence counter and predicting useful instructions is developed. Also, in order to prove the validity, a tool is developed that can simulate processor behavior at cycle-level and measure total energy consumption and power consumption per cycle.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Discrete event system specification (DEVS) has been used in many simulations including hybrid systems featuring both discrete and continuous behavior that require a lot of time to get results. Therefore, in this study, we proposed the acceleration of a DEVS-based hybrid system simulation using multi-cores and GPUs tightly coupled computing. We analyzed the proposed heterogeneous computing of the simulation in terms of the configuration of the target device, changing simulation parameters, and power consumption for efficient simulation. The result revealed that the proposed architecture offers an advantage for high-performance simulation in terms of execution time, although more power consumption is required. With these results, we discovered that our approach is applicable in hybrid system simulation, and we demonstrated the possibility of optimized hardware distribution in terms of power consumption versus execution time via experiments in the proposed architecture.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2010

Agile development is mentioned a lot by developers these days. XP or Scrum is one of the popular development processes, and it says that unit test automation would drive an agile development successful. The success of unit test automation depends on how well to compare an execution result to its own expected result. that is why this paper focuses on the comparison part. This paper introduces how to build test codes for unit testing, and then concludes with mentioning two considerations of unit testing automation. First, test codes for void-typed methods need Mock Framework to monitor their behavior. Second, the comparison of execution results and expected results is hard to implement in case of testing void-typed methods. We check every sentences of a test path to decide if the testing is fail or pass.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.751-763
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• 2019

National parks, which are preserved areas of $6,726.298km^2$($3,972.589km^2$ on land and $2,753.709km^2$, at sea), take up 6.71% of the national territory, and they are classified by type into 17 mountain parks, 4 maritime or coastal parks, and 1 historical site park. Of them all, the maritime or coastal national parks, which are preserved areas covering wide tracts of maritime, lately attract increasing numbers of visitors. In this light, this study identifies the issues with the maritime or coastal national parks such as the changes in the number of visitors and the unbalance involved in the budget execution, based on the visitors to the national parks and the specifics of budget executed for them. On this basis, the study has conducted the research with a view to suggesting improvements for more useful management and operation of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the study has reached the following conclusions. First, to accommodate those who want to visit the maritime or coastal national parks, the tour infrastructure needs to be expanded to guide the visitors' use of the facilities by focusing on their touring behavior and characteristics. Second, budget should be acquired through diversifying revenue structure to eliminate hugely unbalanced budget. Third, visitors nowadays come to national parks for recreational experience or to tour nature, but the maritime or coastal national parks focus on cultural facilities. To accommodate the visitors' needs, the parks should get diversified visitor facilities that reflect the regional characteristics.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

It is very important to learn behavioral policies that allow multiple agents to work together organically for common goals in various real-world applications. In this multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) environment, most existing studies have adopted centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) methods as in effect standard frameworks. However, this multi-agent reinforcement learning method is difficult to effectively cope with in a dynamic environment in which new environmental changes that are not experienced during training time may constantly occur in real life situations. In order to effectively cope with this dynamic environment, this paper proposes a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning system, C-COMA. C-COMA is a continual learning model that assumes actual situations from the beginning and continuously learns the cooperative behavior policies of agents without dividing the training time and execution time of the agents separately. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness and excellence of the proposed model C-COMA by implementing a dynamic mini-game based on Starcraft II, a representative real-time strategy game, and conducting various experiments using this environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2017

Electrical energy is one of the most important energy sources in modern society. Therefore, it is very important to control the supply and demand of electric power. However, the power consumption data needed to predict power demand may include the information about the private behavior of an individual, the analysis of which may raise privacy issues. In this paper, we propose a secure power demand forecasting method where regression analyses on power consumption data are conducted in a trusted execution environment provided by Intel SGX, keeping the power usage pattern of users private. We performed experiments using various regression equations and selected an equation which has the least error rate. We show that the average error rate of the proposed method is lower than those of the previous forecasting methods with privacy protection functionality.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.199-215
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• 2024

The Caynarachi Bridge is a 130 m long posttensioned steel-concrete composite bridge built in Peru. The structural performance of this bridge under construction loads is reviewed in this paper using numerical simulation. Hence, a numerical model using shell finite elements to trace its deformational behavior at service conditions is proposed. The geometry and boundary conditions of the superstructure are updated according to the construction schedule. Firstly, the adequacy of the proposed model is validated with the field measurements obtained from the static truck load test. Secondly, the study of other scenarios less explored in research are performed to investigate the effect of some variables on bridge performance such as time effects, sequence of execution of concrete slabs and type of supports conditions at the abutments. The obtained results show that the original sequence of execution of the superstructure better behaves mechanically in relation to the other studied scenarios, yielding smaller stresses at critical cross sections with staging. It is also demonstrated that an improper slab staging may lead to more critical stresses at the studied cross sections and that casting the concrete slab at the negative moment regions first can lead to an optimal design. Also, the long-term displacements can be accurately predicted using an equivalent composite resistance cross section defined by a steel to concrete modulus ratio equal to three. This article gives some insights into the potential shortcomings or advantages of the original design through high-fidelity finite element simulations and reinforces the understating of posttensioned composite bridges with staging.