• 제목/요약/키워드: Exchange of Stabilities

검색결과 30건 처리시간 0.019초

Marangoni 대류계에서의 안정성 교환의 원리 (Principle of Exchange of Stabilities in the Marangoni Convection System)

  • 김민찬
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제47권2호
    • /
    • pp.262-265
    • /
    • 2009
  • 초기에 안정하게 유지되고 있는 수평 유체층에서 급격한 온도 변화에 의한 Marangoni 대류 발생계에서 안정성 교환의 원리를 해석적으로 증명하였다. 선형 안정성 이론하에서 온도 및 속도의 교란량을 직교함수들의 선형 조합으로 나타내고, 온도 교란의 성장률이 모든 Marangoni 수 범위에 대하여 실수임을 보였다.

Geometrical Characteristics and Reactivities of Tetracoordinated Pd Complexes: Mono- and Bidentate Ligands and Charged and Uncharged Ligands

  • Yoo, Jin-Seon;Ha, Dong-Su;Kim, Jae-Sang;Kim, Bong-Gon;Park, Jong-Keun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.627-640
    • /
    • 2008
  • The geometrical structures, atomic charges, and relative energies of tetracoordinated Pd complexes [PdCl3Z (Z = Cl-, Br-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3), PdCl2Z2 (Z = Br-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3), PdZ?2X (Z = Cl-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3; X = oxalate, O2-?CCO2-), and PdZ2Y (Z = Cl?-, OH?-, H2O, NH3, PH3; Y = succinate, CO2-?CHCHCO2-?)] and the ligand exchange reactions of the Pd complexes were investigated using the ab initio second order Mller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The geometrical characteristics of the tetracoordinated Pd(II) complexes with mono- and bidentate ligands, the effects of the atomic charges for the charged and uncharged ligands, the (dz2-p ) interactions between the dz2-orbital of Pd(II) and the p -orbital of bidentates, and the relative stabilities between the isomers of PdCl2Z2 and PdZ2Y were investigated in detail. The potential energy surfaces for the ligand exchange reactions used for the conversions of {[PdCl2(NH3)2] + H2O} to {[PdCl(NH3)2(H2O)]+ + Cl?-?} and {[PdCl2(PH3)2] + H2O} to {[PdCl(PH3)2(H2O)]+ + Cl?-?]} were investigated. The geometrical structure variations, molecular orbital variations (HOMO and LUMO), and relative stabilities for the ligand exchange processes were also examined quantitatively.

Temperature dependent hydrogen exchange study of DNA duplexes containing binding sites for Arabidopsis TCP transcription factors

  • Kim, Hee-Eun;Choi, Yong-Geun;Lee, Ae-Ree;Seo, Yeo-Jin;Kwon, Mun-Young;Lee, Joon-Hwa
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
    • /
    • 제18권2호
    • /
    • pp.52-57
    • /
    • 2014
  • The TCP domain is a DNA-binding domain present in plant transcription factors and plays important roles in various biological functions. The hydrogen exchange rate constants of the imino protons were determined for the three DNA duplexes containing the DNA-binding sites for the TCP11, TCP15, and TCP20 transcription factors using NMR spectroscopy. The M11 duplex displays unique hydrogen exchange property of the five base pairs in the first binding site (5'-GTGGG-3'). However, the M15 and M20 duplexes lead to clear changes in thermal stabilities of these five base pairs. The unique dynamic features of the five base pairs in the first binding site might play crucial roles in the sequence-specific DNA binding of the class I TCP transcription factors.

열매체유의 인화성과 열안정성 (Flammability and Thermal Stabilities of Heat Transfer Oils)

  • 이근원;이정석;최이락
    • 한국가스학회지
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.82-87
    • /
    • 2011
  • 열매체유는 화학공장의 가열시스템, 열교환 시스템, 가스플랜트 공정, 사출성형 시스템 및 펄프제지 공정 등에 사용된다. 열매체유는 고열이나 산화분해에 아주 안정하고 저항성이 있으며, 누출이나 방출의 경우 점화원을 만나면 쉽게 발화한다. 본 논문은 열메체유의 신유와 사용유에 대해 인화성과 열적 안정성을 고찰하였다. 열매체유의 인화성은 인화점과 자연발화점을 측정하여 평가하였고, 열적안정성은 열안정성시험기와 시차주사열량기를 사용하여 평가하였다. 실험결과로부터 열매체유의 적절한 사용과 취급과 관련된 안전대책 수립을 위해 화재 위험 특성을 제시하였다.

NMR hydrogen exchange study of miR156:miR156* duplexes

  • Kim, Na-Hyun;Choi, Seo-Ree;Jin, Ho-Seong;Seo, Yeo-Jin;Lee, Joon-Hwa
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
    • /
    • 제23권3호
    • /
    • pp.61-66
    • /
    • 2019
  • RNAs exhibit distinct structural and dynamic features required for proper function. The hydrogen-bonded imino protons of RNAs are a probe of the conformational transition and dynamic feature. MicroRNAs originate from primary transcripts containing hairpin structures. The levels of mature miR156 influence the flowering time of plants. To understand the molecular mechanism of biological function of $miR156:miR156^*$ duplex, we performed hydrogen exchange study on the model RNAs mimicking two phenotypes of $miR156:miR156^*$, $miR156:miR156^*$ (m-miR156a) and $miR156:miR156^*$ (m-miR156g) duplexes. This study found that the internal bulge of m-miR156a destabilized the neighboring base-pairs, whereas the bulge structure of m-miR156g did not affect the thermal stabilities of the neighboring base-pairs.

NMR Hydrogen Exchange Study of DNA Duplex Containing the Consensus Binding Site for Human MEIS1

  • Choi, Seo-Ree;Jin, Ho-seong;Seo, Yeo-Jin;Lee, Joon-Hwa
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.117-122
    • /
    • 2020
  • Transcription factors are proteins that bind specific sites or elements in regulatory regions of DNA, known as promoters or enhancers, where they control the transcription or expression of target genes. MEIS1 protein is a DNA-binding domain present in human transcription factors and plays important roles in various biological functions. The hydrogen exchange rate constants of the imino protons were determined for the wild-type containing the consensus DNA-binding site for the MEIS1 and those of the mutant DNA duplexes using NMR spectroscopy. The G2A-, A3G- and C4T-mutant DNA duplexes lead to clear changes in thermal stabilities of these four consensus base pairs. These unique dynamic features of the four base pairs in the consensus 5'-TGAC-3' sequence might play crucial roles in the effective DNA binding of the MEIS1 protein.

알칼리토류 금속과 2 염기 유기산 사이의 착물 (Complexes of Alkaline Earth Metals with Dibasic Organic Acids in Aqueous, Ethanol-Water and Acetone-Water Solutions)

  • 최상업;이창환
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제17권6호
    • /
    • pp.416-423
    • /
    • 1973
  • 양이온 교환수지(Ion Exchange Resin CGC 241)와 2염기산인 말론산 혹은 프탈산이온이 들어있는 용액에서 방사성 알칼리토류금속 이온이 수지와 용액사이에 어떻게 분배되는가를 실온에서 조사함으로써 알칼리토류금속의 유기산 착물 형성에 관한 연구를 하였다. 용매로서 H2O, 20% 에탄올-물 및 20% 아세톤-물을 사용하였고, 용액의 pH는 7.2∼7.5로 조절하였고, 이온강도는 0.10∼0.11fh 유지하였다. 본 연구결과 알칼리토류금속 이온과 말론산 및 프탈산 사이에 1:1착물이 모든 용매계에서 형성되었고 착물의 안정도는 다음순으로 증가됨을 알았다. $Ba^{++}\;<\;Sr^{++}\;<\;Ca^{++}$, 말론산 < 프탈산, 수용액 < 혼합용매

  • PDF

화학적 가교를 이용한 Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxde)계 음이온 교환막의 제조 및 알칼리 연료전지용 특성평가 (Development of Anion Exchange Membrane based on Crosslinked Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) for Alkaline Fuel Cell Application)

  • 성승화;이보련;최욱;김태현
    • 멤브레인
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.173-182
    • /
    • 2019
  • 화석연료 사용이 증가하면서 온실가스 및 대기오염가스 등의 환경오염 문제가 심각해졌다. 이를 해결하기 위한 신재생에너지, 친환경적인 대체에너지원을 찾기 위한 많은 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 연료전지는 전기에너지를 발생하며 부산물로 물만이 생성되는 친환경 에너지 발생장치다. 특히, 전해질로 음이온 교환막을 사용하는 음이온 교환막 연료전지(Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell)는 높은 촉매의 활성으로 양이온 교환막 연료전지(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell)와 다르게 저가의 금속 촉매를 사용할 수 있는 장점 때문에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 음이온 교환막으로써 요구되는 주요 특성은 높은 이온($OH^-$) 전도도 및 높은 pH의 구동조건에서의 안정성이다. 본 연구에서는 PPO계 고분자의 화학적 가교 반응을 이용해 얻어진 가교형 고분자 막의 낮은 기계적인 특성과 치수 안정성을 높이기 위해 보다 높은 분자량을 갖는 고분자 사용과 함께 가교율 증대를 통해 보다 높은 이온 전도도와 기계적인 성질, 높은 화학적인 안정성뿐만 아니라 실제 연료전지 구동조건에서 높은 셀 성능을 갖는 AEMFC용 고분자 전해질 막을 개발했다.

밑으로부터 가열되는 평면 Couette 유동에서 점성소산이 열적 불안정성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Viscous Dissipation on the Thermal Instability of Plane Couette Flow Heated from Below)

  • 유정열;박영무
    • 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
    • /
    • 제17권4호
    • /
    • pp.489-498
    • /
    • 1988
  • An analysis has been given for the effect of viscous dissipation on the thermal instability of plane Couette flow between two parallel plates maintained at different constant temperatures. Under the assumption that the principle of the exchange of stabilities holds, stationary disturbance quantities in the form of longitudinal vortices are considered. The magnitudes of disturbance quantities are then represented as fast convergent power series so that the eigenvalue problem for determining the onset conditions of the thermal instability may be reduced to a simplified problem of finding the roots of a $4{\times}4$ determinant. It is shown that as the magnitude of the visucous dissipation increases the flow becomes more susceptible to instabilities, which is in very good agreement with previous results obtained in some related researches.

  • PDF

Complexes of Polyvalent Metal Ions (Ⅵ). Complexes of Nickel and Cadmium with Dibasic Organic Acids in Aqueous, Ethanol-Water and Acetone-Water Solutions$^*$

  • Sang-Up Choi;Joon-Kil Kang;Young-Il Pae
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제1권2호
    • /
    • pp.49-54
    • /
    • 1980
  • Solutions of $Ni^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ were mixed with the solutions of various dibasic organic acids in the presence of cation exchange resin at room temperature. The distribution ratios of the metal ions between resin and solution were measured, using radioactive metal ions as tracer. From the observed variation of the distribution ratios with acid anion concentrations, it was concluded that $Ni^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ formed one-to-one complexes with succinate, malonate, o-phthalate and tartarate ions in aqueous, 20 % ethanol-water and 20 % acetone-water solutions. The results of the present study indicated that the relative stabilities of the complexes in solution increased generally in the order : $Ni^{2+}$ < $Cd^{2+}$ complexes. Succinate < malonate < o-phthalate < tartarate complexes. Aqueous < mixed solvent systems.