• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2480-2486
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• 2012

The design of low voltage LC-VCO(LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator) has been presented to optimize the phase noise and power consumption for the block of frequency synthesis to satisfy WCDMA system specification in this paper. The parameters for minimum phase noise has been obtained in the region of design, using the lines of the tuning range and the excess gain in the plane of the inductance and the transconductance of MOS transistor to compensate the loss of LC-tank. As a result of simulation, the phase noise characteristics is -113dBc/Hz for offset of 1MHz. The optimum designed LC-VCO has been fabricated using the process of 0.25um CMOS. As a result of measurement for fabricated chip, the phase noise characteristics is -116dBc/Hz for offset of 1MHz. The power consumption is 15mW, and Kvco is 370MHz/V.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1288-1295
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• 2009

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of xylanase on performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, microflora and digestive enzyme activities of broilers. The wheat-based diets were supplemented with 0, 500, 1,000, 5,000 U/kg xylanase. Xylanase supplementation significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed:gain ratio of broilers from 1 to 21 d and 1 to 42 d. Supplementing 500 U/kg and 1,000 U/kg xylanase improved (p<0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the small intestine. Excess supplementation of xylanase (5,000 U/kg) increased the villus height in the ileum (p<0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum (p<0.05). The microflora in the ileum and caecum, digestive enzyme activities in the small intestine and the concentrations of serum glucose, uric acid, insulin and IGF-I were not affected by the supplementation of xylanase. Excess level of xylanase (5,000 U/kg) had a tendency to induce the multiplication of E. coli and total aerobes. The results suggested that supplementing 500 U/kg and 1,000 U/kg xylanase was beneficial for broilers and excess xylanase supplementation resulted in no further improvement or negative effects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.681-686
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• 2010

Purpose: Obese proportion is increasing universally, estimating more than a billion. So reducing the weight became one of the topic in medical market. Not only diet, exercise, medication, but also many surgical procedures are being developed, such as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery. After massive weight loss, skin excess and laxity occurs, leading to unsatisfying body contour. Body contouring surgery including abdominoplasty, breast reduction is performed when skin excess is present in abdomen and breast. When skin excess is present circumferentially, belt dermolipectomy is the treatment of choice. Methods: A 23-year-old man had weight gain since he was 12 of age. A year before visiting to our department, his height was 168 cm, weight was 150 kg and body mass index (BMI) was 53.15 kg/$m^2$. The patient lost 55 kg of his weight through exercise and diet control. When he visited again, his weight was 95 kg and BMI was 33.66 kg/$m^2$. In physical examination, skin excess and laxity was seen in both breast and abdomen circumferentially and lateral folds were seen in the back. Abdominal contour deformity (Pitman classification type 6) and pseudogynecomastia (grade 3) were present in both breast. Belt dermolipectomy of abdomen, both breast and lateral folds was performed, resecting 6,400 g of tissue and additive 1,200 g through revisional operation. Results: The patient lost 6,500g of his weight and BMI reduced by 2.3 kg/$m^2$. The patient's hospital course was uneventful during 5 weeks of hospitalization and he was satisfied with his final body contour. Conclusion: Body contouring with belt dermolipectomy in patient who has circumferential skin excess and laxity after massive weight loss can be a treatment of choice.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-118
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• 2021

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's contribution to the need for the world to collectively address deficits of peace, development, governance, and problems relating to climate, the environment and human health. The rise of China and the BRI do challenge the current 'rules-based global order' and the economic dominance and moral, political, economic, and cultural leadership of the United States and its allies. However, China's goal is not hegemony but a multipolar world in which common values coexist with principles of peaceful coexistence (including non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states). The evolution of the BRI is outlined, and the ways in which it reflects Chinese interests are summarized, including its roles in addressing natural resource dependence and excess capacity, a transition from investment promotion and factor-intensive growth to going out and industrial upgrading, going West, and the effective deployment of China's foreign exchange assets. Although China does therefore potentially gain, the BRI is designed so that partners also gain in a quest for win-win co-operation and mutual benefit. The values that underlie this approach and the call for a community with a shared future are compared with competing western values, whose roots lie in Enlightenment thought and are associated with a record of colonialism and imperialism. In this light, the article concludes with a consideration of the global implications of the BRI, the challenges it confronts and the likelihood that the unipolar moment will give way to a multipolar global development path.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Among the adaptive noise cancellers (ANC), the least mean square (LMS) algorithm has probably become the most popular algorithm because of its robustness, good tracking properties, and simplicity of implementation. However, it has non-uniform convergence and a trade-off between the rate of convergence and excess mean square error (EMSE). To overcome these shortcomings, a number of variable step size least mean square (VSSLMS) algorithms have been researched for years. These LMS algorithms use a complex variable step method approach for rapid convergence but need high computational complexity. A variable step approach can impair the simplicity and robustness of the LMS algorithm. The proposed instantaneous gain control (IGC) algorithm uses the instantaneous gain value of the original signal and the noise signal. As a result, the IGC algorithm can reduce computational complexity and maintain better performance.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.545-548
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• 2004

The paper describes the design of high-speed, high-resolution Sample-and-Hold circuit which shows the conversion rate 80MHz and the power supply of 3.3v with 0.35um CMOS 2-poly 4-metal process for high-speed, high resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter. For improving Dynamic performance of Sample-and-Hold, Two Double bootstrap switch and high performance operational amplifier with gain booster, which are used. and For physical stability of Sample and Hold circuit, reduces excess voltage of gate in bootstrap switch. Simulation results using HSPICE shows the SFDR of 71dB, 75dB in conversion rate of 80MHz result for two inputs(0.5Vpp, 10MHz and 1Vpp, 10MHz) and the power dissipation of 48mW at single 3.3V supply voltage.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

In this paper, transient characteristics of IGBT has been analytically solved to express the excess minority carrier distribution in active base region and the output voltage. Non-Punch Through(NPT) structure has been selected to prove the validity of the model. It is based on the equivalent circuit of MOSFET which supplies a low gain and a high level injection to the base of BJT. None of the quasi static conditions have been assumed to trace the transient characteristics. The basic elements of the model have been derived from the ambipolar transport theory. Theoretical predictions of the output voltages have been obtained with different lifetimes and compared with experimental and theoretical results available in the literature. From the analytical approach, good agreement has been obtained to provide reliable and fast output of the device.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2005

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide, associated with excess acute and chronic disease risk. In most countries, obesity rates among women exceed rates in men, particularly during the post menopausal years. Many factors affect body weight and appetite, including age, metabolic rate, physical activity level, stress, cultural factors, socioeconomic status, health status and health literacy, diet composition, attitudes, and beliefs. Gender affects appetite and body weight indirectly by altering factors contributing to food choice. However, there is emerging evidence that gender affects appetite and body weight directly, altering the physiological control systems regulating appetite. The follicular menstrual cycle phase (estrogen-rich) is associated with relative suppression of appetite. Lower estrogen levels are associated with increased food intake, body weight gain, and altered body fat distribution in humans and animals. This paper reviews the linkages between estrogen and appetite regulation. While relationships among appetite, body weight, and gender-linked hormones are complex, research elucidating these interrelationships could lead to development of gender-specific treatment approaches for obesity and appetite dysregulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

This paper presents the design, construction and performance of ground treatment to support road embankment on refuse landfill. Long-term settlement of refuse landfill is analysised by Sower and Yen/scanlon. As a results of site test, predicting settlement excess the allowable settlement and ultimate bearing capacity is not satisfied. The effectiveness of DDR(Deep Dynamic Replacement) is monitered by field tests (SPT, PBT, PMT) before, during and after construction of the stone columns. The ultimate bearing capacity for reinforced landfill by stone columns obtained from the in-situ test results has been compared with the existing theories. In municipal wastes landfill, settlement after treatment using stone column is satisfied to allowable residual settlement. Therefore, long-term stability can be gain in these cases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 1988

To gain insight into possible cellular protective mechanisms against the insult of formaldehyde, we have investigated this molecule's reactivity with both naturally occurring thiol compounds including glutathione and L-ascorbic acid. By UV measurements, for maldehyde was found to rapidly react with glutathione forming an S-hydroxymethyl covalent adduct. The adduct which was confirmed by NMR is transiently stable. Formaldehydissimilar to its reaction with dimedone. The reaction of formaldehyde with glutathione was reduced by 40% in the presence of an excess amount of L-ascorbic acid, due to the trapping of formaldehyde by L-ascorbic acid. The data suggest that L-ascorbic acid may have a possible in vivo role in the metabolism of formaldehyde, thereby protecting cellular glutathione from possible depletion.