• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1999

본 연구는 기존의 소멸화장치를 개선하여 에너지절감과 동시에 탈취효과를 극대화시키면서 유기물의 분해능력을 극대화시키는 장치를 개발하기 위하여 실시되었다. 기존의 장치와 비교하여 3차에 걸친 열교환을 통하여 백금촉매탑에서 발생하는 폐열을 회수하여 이용하게 하였으며, 배기가스의 65%정도를 재순환하게 하였다. 또한 장치전체에 대해서는 감압을 유지하게 하여 수분의 증발을 원활하게 하였다. 미생물제재에 의하여 반응을 안정적으로 유지하는 것이 가능했으며, 또한 분해매체제는 기존의 처리용량의 20배용적을 사용했으나, 본장치에서는 15배용적에 있어서도 미생물활성화가 가능하며, 호기성분위기를 효율적을 유지하는 것이 가능했다. 배기가스의 내부순환을 시스템을 사용함에 따라 얻어지는 효과에 대하여 검토한 결과, 내부의 악취물질인 암모니아가스농도를 감소시키는 것이 가능했으며, 탈취탑으로 유입되는 배기가스가 경감됨에 따라 전력비가1/3선으로 절감되는 효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 내순환에 따라 최적공기량은 100kg처리용량에 대하여 $0.44m^3$로, 이 공기량의 변화에 따라 전력비가 비례하여 변화하는 현상이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2011

본 논문은 R744-R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 기초 설계자료를 제공하기 위해서 성능특성에 대해 분석하였다. 작동변수로는 R404A용 고온사이클과 R744용 저온사이클의 과냉각도와 과열도, 압축효율, 응축과 증발온도이다. 이에 대한 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 고온사이클에만 과열도를 주는 것이 가장 높은 COP를 가지는 반면에 저온 고온사이클 모두에 대해 과냉도를 주는 것이 가장 높은 COP를 가진다. 과열도, 과냉각도, 압축효율, 증발온도, 응축온도 등의 인자들이 R744와 R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 COP에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들 각각의 인자들은 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 성능을 최대로 하는 캐스케이드 증발온도가 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2010

While the substrate-type solar cells with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers yield conversion efficiencies of up 20%[1], the highest published efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate solar cell is only 12.8% [2]. The commerciallized Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells are made in the substrate configuration having the stacking sequence of substrate (soda lime glass)/back contact (molybdenum)/absorber layer (Cu(In,Ga)Se2)/buffer layer (cadmium sulfide)/window layer (transparent conductive oxide)/anti reflection layer (MgF2) /grid contact. Thus, it is not possible to illuminate the substrate-type cell through the glass substrate. Rather, it is necessary to illuminate from the opposite side which requires an elaborate transparent encapsulation. In contrast to that, the configuration of superstrate solar cell allows the illumination through the glass substrate. This saves the expensive transparent encapsulation. Usually, the high quality Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber requires a high deposition temperature over 550C. Therefore, the front contact should be thermally stable in the temperature range to realize a successful superstrate-type solar cell. In this study, it was tried to make a decent superstrate-type solar cell with the thermally stable ZnO:Al layer obtained by adjusting its deposition parameters in magnetron sputtering process. The effect of deposition condition of the layer on the cell performance will be discussed together with hall measurement results and current-voltage characteristics of the cells.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $Ni/Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 수증기 개질반응 및 표면 특성을 조사하였다. 조촉매로써 선정된 Mo를 담지하여 제조한 Ni-Mo계 촉매를 Ni계 촉매와 반응활성 비교결과 효율증진 인자를 확인할 수 있다. $H_2$-TPR 및 XPS 분석을 통하여 효율이 저하되는 특성을 확인하였다. 수증기 개질반응 long run 실험 후 촉매표면에 침적된 carbon의 침적특성 및 결합구조, 기화특성을 확인하기 위하여 $O_2$-TPO 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 수증기 개질반응에서 Ni과 강한 상호작용으로 결합하여 촉매의 반응활성 저하를 일으키는 graphitic carbon 종 형성을 억제함으로 Ni-Mo계 촉매에서 내구성이 증진됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2004

복합한방 재료인 옥용산에 대해 UV 흡수능, tyrosinase 저해활성 그리고 free radical 소거활성을 측정함으로서 미백활성을 검정하고 비교 시험군으로서 비타민C와 함께 Eudragit 이 코팅된 coconut oil을 이용한 SLN을 제조할 수 있었다. 실험 결과, 옥용산은 UV 영역에서 흡수능을 가지며 tyrosinase 저해 활성과 free radical 소거활성을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 제조된 E-SLN을 TEM을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 크기 50∼300 nm인 구형의 양호한 입자를 형성하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 그 크기분포와 캡슐화 효율 분석을 통해 EUD의 농도가 2.0% (w/v), w/o 비율은 1 ： 9, emulsion과 pour solution의 비율은 1 : 10, 그리고 실온에서 제조한 E-SLN의 캡슐화 효율이 가장 높고 크기의 분포가 가장 양호한 것을 알 수 있었다. E-SLN을 이용하여 in vitro 방출시험을 실시한 결과 E-SLN은 pH와 온도 의존적으로 약물을 방출하는 경향을 나타냈다. 결과적으로 제조된 E-SLN은 pH와 온도 의존적으로 약물을 전달할 필요가 있는 계에 대한 약물전달 시스템으로 적합할 것으로 보인다. 폐쇄 첩포시험과 자외선 조사에 의한 인공색소침착과 시료도포에 의한 미백효능 판정에 의한 임상시험 결과 옥용산과 비타민C, 그리고 이를 포함하는 E-SLN은 대조군의 경우와 비교하여 미백효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었으며 이는 기능성화장품에의 응용 가능성을 높여주었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Electronic products are a major part of evolving industry and human life style; however most of them are known to emit electromagnetic waves that have severe health hazards. Therefore, different materials and fabrication techniques are understudy to control or limit transfer of such waves to human body. In this study, nanocomposite powder is dispersed into epoxy resin and shielding effects such as absorption, reflection, penetration and multiple reflections are investigated. In addition, nano size powder (Ni, $Fe_2O_3$, Fe-85Ni, C-Ni) is fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation method and dispersed manually into epoxy. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the phase analysis, size and shape as well as dispersion trend of a nano powder on epoxy matrix. Shielding effect is measured by standard test method to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of planar materials, ASTM D4935. At lower frequency, sample consisting nano-powder of Fe-85%Wt Ni shows better electromagnetic shielding effect compared to only epoxy, only Ni, $Fe_2O_3$ and C-Ni samples.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Meloxicam-loaded microspheres were prepared with poly(D,L-lactic acid)(PLA) by a solvent-emulsion evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and release patterns of drug were investigated in vitro. Various batches of micro spheres with different size and drug content were obtained by changing the ratio of meloxicam to $PLA^{\circ}{\AE}s$ with different molecular weight, PLA concentration in the dispersed phase and stirring rate. Meloxicam crystals on microsphere surface, which were released rapidly and could act as a loading dose, were observed with increasing drug content. The release rate was increased with increase in drug contents and decrease in the molecular weight of PLA. Microspheres prepared with smaller molecular weight produced faster drug release rate. The release rate of meloxicam for long-acting injectable delivery system in vitro, which would aid in predicting in vivo release profile, could be controlled by properly optimizing various factors affecting characteristics of microspheres. Blood concentration-time profile of meloxicam after intramuscular injection of meloxicam-loaded microspheres in rabbits showed possibility of long term application of this system in clinical settings.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.316-316
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• 2010

Thin films spin-coated from solvent solutions are characterized by solution parameters and spin-coating process. In this study, performance characteristics of polymer solar cells were investigated with changing solution parameters such as solvent and additives. The phase-separation between polymer and fullerene is needed to make the percolation pathway for better transportation of hole and electron in polymer solar cells. For this reason, cooperative effects of solvent mixtures adding additives with distinct solubility have been studied recently. In this study, chlorobezene, 1, 2-dichlorbenzene, and chloroform were used as solvent. 1, 8-diiodoctaned and 1, 8-octanedithiol were used as additives and were added into poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)/[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blends. Pre-patterned ITO glass was cleaned using ultrasonication in mixed solvent with ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone. PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO substrate at 3000rpm and was baked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10min on the hotplate. The prepared solution was spin-coated at 1000rpm and the spin-coated thin film was dried in the Petri dishes. Al electrode was deposited on the thin film by thermal evaporation. The devices were annealed at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30min. By adding 2.5 volume percent of additives into the chlorobenzene from that bulk heterojunction films consisting of P3HT/PCBM, the power efficiency (AM 1.5G conditions) was increased from 2.16% to 2.69% and 3.12% respectively. We have investigated the effect of additives in P3HT/PCBM blends and the film characteristics and the film characteristics including J-V characteristics, absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to mainly depict the morphology control by doping additives.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2016

Desalination is getting more attention as an alternative to solve a global water shortage problem in the future. Especially, a desalination technology is being expected as a new growth engine of Korea's overseas plant business besides one of the solutions of domestic water shortage problem. In the past, a thermal evaporation technology was a predominant method in desalination market, but more than 75% of the current market is hold by a membrane-based reverse osmosis technology because of its lower energy consumption rate for desalination. In the future, it is expected to have more energy efficient desalination process. Accordingly, various processes are being developed to further enhance the desalination energy efficiency. One of the promising technologies is a desalination process combined with Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process. The PRO technology is able to generate energy by using osmotic pressure of seawater or desalination brine. And the other benefits are that it has no emission of $CO_2$ and the limited impact of external environmental factors. However, it is not commercialized yet because a high-performance PRO membrane and module, and a PRO system optimization technology is not sufficiently developed. In this paper, the recent research direction and progress of the SWRO-PRO hybrid desalination was discussed regarding a PRO membrane and module, an energy recovery system, pre-treatment and system optimization technologies, and so on.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) were examined. Parameters analyzed include growth characteristics, yields, photosynthetic rates, evaporation rates and photosynthesis-related characteristics under elevated $CO_2$. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the silking stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). Chalok 1 and GCB 70 germinated three days after seeding, and germination rates were faster in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. Germination rates displayed significant differences among the $CO_2$ treatments. At the seedling stage, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates, and plant height indicated positive relationship with elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. At the $5{\sim}6$ leaf stage, $CO_2$ concentration also indicated positive relationship with plant height, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates. At the silking stage, increased plant height of Chalok 1 was noted in the $CO_2$ treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were noted for GCB 70, in which leaf area decreased but photosynthetic rates increased progressively with $CO_2$ concentration. Stomatal aperture was a little bigger in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. $CO_2$ concentration was negatively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, resulting in high water use efficiency.