• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2014

REBCO coated conductor (CC) tapes with superior mechanical and electromechanical properties are preferable in applications such as superconducting coils and magnets. The CC tapes should withstand factors that can affect their performance during fabrication and operation of its applications. In coil applications, CC tapes experience different mechanical constraints such as tensile or compressive stresses. Recently, the critical current ($I_c$) degradation of CC tapes used in coil applications due to delamination were already reported. Thermal cycling, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch among constituent layers, screening current, etc. can induce excessive transverse tensile stresses that might lead to the degradation of $I_c$ in the CC tapes. Also, CC tapes might be subjected to very high magnetic fields that induce strong Lorentz force which possibly affects its performance in coil applications. Hence, investigation on the delamination mechanism of the CC tapes is very important in coiling, cooling, operation and design of prospect applications. In this study, the electromechanical properties of REBCO CC tapes fabricated by reactive co-evaporation by deposition and reaction (RCE-DR) under transversely applied loading were investigated. Delamination strength of the CC tape was determined using the anvil test. The $I_c$ degraded earlier under transverse tensile stress as compared to that under compressive one.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1995

텅스텐 산화물 박막이 전자 비임에 의해 실리콘 기판 위에 제작되었다. 여러가지 전해질에 의해 퇴화된 막의 두께와 구조는 후방산란분광, 라만분광, 광전자분광 및 전자현미경에 의해 연구되었다. 텅스텐 산화물 박막은 1몰의 황산 전해질속에서 두께가 가장 많이 용해 되었으며,수분에 의해 촉진된 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 글리세린이 포함된 전해질에 의해서 퇴화된 막의 전자구조는 제작된 막과 비교할 때 변화가 없었다. 막의 퇴화는 두께와 표면 구조변화에도 그 원인이 있음을 보였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2013

휘발유는 온도 및 햇빛 노출 등의 저장환경에 따라 산화에 의해 유기산 및 중축합 고분자 물질(검질)이 생성되어 금속재료의 부식과 고무수지 등의 열화 및 연료공급 시스템의 축적물로 남아 차량 문제를 유발시킬 수 있다. 최근에 LPG와 휘발유 겸용 차량에서 장기간 사용하지 않은 휘발유가 차량문제를 유발하거나, 옥탄가가 비이상적으로 낮은 연료들이 출현하고 있지만 명확한 원인규명이 되지 않은 상황이다. 이에, 휘발유의 산화에 대한 명확한 규명을 통해 저장환경, 품질변화 추정 등 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 휘발유의 산화특성 규명을 위해 현재 유통되고 있는 자동차용 휘발유와 향후 보급가능 바이오에탄올 혼합연료(바이오에탄올 10%)에 대해 저장용기(차량 연료탱크, 폴리에틸렌(PE) 재질 및 철재 용기) 별, 저장환경(햇빛 노출(옥상), 햇빛 비노출(창고)), 대기 중 공기노출 등에 대한 산화열화 영향을 산화가 일어나기 쉬운 여름철(6월~10월)에 18주간 저장평가하여 실제 품질기준 항목에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 폴리에틸렌(PE) 재질 용기의 경우 마개 틈 또는 표면으로의 고옥탄가 저비점 성분의 증발로 옥탄가의 품질기준이 벗어나는 경우가 있었다. 특히 햇빛 노출의 상태에서는 휘발유 산화와 저비점 성분의 증발로 옥탄가 및 증기압이 급격히 감소하였고, 검(gum)질도 과량 생성되었다. 바이오에탄올 혼합연료도 유사한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1973

The effect of water activity on degradation of pigments in dried lavers, Porphyra tenera Kjellm. was examined when stored at room temperature for fifty days. Chlorophyll pigment was extracted with methanol-petroleum ether mixture solvent(2:1 v/v), partitioned in ether, and analysed spectrophotometrically at 662 nm as chlorophyll a. The degradation products of chlorophyll were isolated on sugar-starch column(85:15 w/w) with n-propanol-petroleum ether solution(1:200 v/v) as a developing solvent. The isolated green colored zones were analysed individually at the wavelengths of 650, 662, and 667 nm as allomerized product, chlorophyll a retained, and pheophytin formed respectively. Carotenoida were also extracted with the methanol mixture solvent, partitioned in ether, and finally redissolved in acetone after the evaporation of ether in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The total carotenoid content was measured as lutein at 450 nm. From the results, it is noted that the rate of chlorophyll degradation reached a minimum at 0.11 to 0.33 water activity while progressively increased at higher moisture levels resulting in rapid conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin. At lower activity, autocatalysed oxidizing reaction like allomerization seemed prevailing the acid catalysed conversion reaction. The loss of carotenoid pigment was also greatly reduced at the range of 0.22 to 0.34 water activity with much faster oxidative degradation at both higher and extremely lower moisture levels. These two moisture levels indicated above at which the both pigments exhibited maximum stability are considerably higher than the BET monolayer moisture which appeared 7.91 percent on dry basis at Aw=0.10 calculated from the adsorption isothermal data of the sample at $20^{\circ}C$. The rate of pigment loss in heat treated samples at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours prior to storage somewhat decreased, particularly at higher moisture levels although the final pigment retention was not much stabilized.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.306-313
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• 1998

전기적 착색 텅스텐산화물 박막이 전자비임 증착법에 의해 제작되었다. 전자비임에 의한 막의 퇴화에 미치는 영향이 논의되었다. 진공도 $10^{-4}$mbar에서 제작된 막이 사이클 내 구성 시험에 의한 결과, 가장 안정하였다. 황산 수용액에서 막의 퇴화는 진공도에 의존함을 보였다. 막두께는 산화와 환원전류 그리고 광학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 박막들 중에서 두께 5,000$\AA$의 시료가 사이클에 의한 내구성이 가정 안정하였다. 착색과 탈색이 반복되는 동안에 막의 퇴화의 근원은 막속에 이온의 누적 때문이며, 이로인해 산화와 환원전류가 감 소하였다. 티타늄의 양이 약10~15mol% 함유된 텅스텐산화물 박막은 착색과 탈색사이클이 반복되는 동안 최소한의 퇴화가 일어나서 가정 안정하였다. 사이클이 반복되는 동안 최소한 의 막 퇴화의 주 원인은 막속에 리튬이온의 포획위치 개수의 감소에 있었으며 이로인해 막 의 내구성이 증가하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

In the fishing boat, freshwater ice is loaded on the fishroom in advance and it is used for storage of fishes. However, it causes degradation of catches' freshness. Therefore, seawater ice machine on board is necessary for the fishing industry. In this study, seawater ice machine with drum type evaporator was manufactured, and the system was tested under various operating conditions having an influence on the COP and amount of ice produced. The main results are as follow : The COP of the system gets larger when the evaporation temperature and rotation speed of the drum in the evaporator increases. The most effective refrigerant is R22 and the value of the COP was 1.43 times higher than that of R404A. The amount of produced ice increases with respect to increment of the evaporation temperature, while that decreases with respect to increment of the evaporator drum rotation speed.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2002

In order to the development of the delivery device of long-acting local anesthetics for postoperative analgesia and control of chronic pain of cancer patient, fentnyl-loaded poly (L-lactide-co-glycolido) (PLGA, molecular weight, 5,000 g/mole; 50 : 50 mole ratio by lactide to glycolide) microspheres (FMS) were studied. FMS were prepared by an emulsion solvent-evaporation method. The influence of several preparation parameters such as initial drug loading, PLGA concentration, emulsifier concentration, oil phase volume, and fabrication temperature has been investigated on the fentanyl release profiles. Generally, the drug showed the biphasic release patterns, with an initial diffusion followed by a lag period before the onset of the degradation phase, but there was no lag time in our system. Fentanyl was slowly released from FMS over 10 days in vitro with a quasi-zero order property. The release rate increased with increasing drug loading as well as decreasing polymer concentration with relatively small initial burst effect. From the results, FMS may be a good formulation to deliver the anesthetic for the treatment of chronic pain.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2018

Sublimation of $Bi_2O_3$-based materials is an important degradation issue for the long-term applications of many electronic devices. A series of $SnO_2$-doped $Bi_2O_3$ materials (SBO), was synthesized, densified, and then tested in air or strong reducing atmosphere. The $SnO_2$-doping effects and sublimation kinetics of the SBO materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and precise mass loss measurement. The results show that formation of $Bi_2Sn_2O_7$ phase greatly retards the mass loss of SBO. The SBO samples show a surface sublimation in an energy of $52.6kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$. However, the sublimation is also controlled by surface microstructure as the amount of vaporizing species (the Bi or gaseous Bi-oxides) is more than 0.1 mass%. The evaporation is retarded on the rough surface and the mechanism of surface evaporation is changed to diffusional control.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.701-714
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• 2013

최근 바이오디젤의 보급 활성화에 정책에 따라 석유제품에 바이오디젤 혼합량이 증가되고 있으며, 이러한 혼합량 증가에 따른 겨울철 저온특성과 산화안정성에 대한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바이오디젤 혼합연료에 대하여 실제 저장환경을 모사하고, 저장 중 품질변화를 평가하여 저장환경별 산화 경향과 품질에 미치는 영향 등의 규명을 통해 산화 제품의 품질관리 방안을 제시하였다. 바이오디젤 혼합연료의 산화열화 평가 결과, 직접적인 햇빛 노출 및 대기노출이 없는 저장용기에서는 여름철 약 18주간은 산화에 의한 특별한 품질저하는 없었지만, PE 재질 플라스틱 용기의 경우 약 2주간의 햇빛노출에 급격한 산화가 일어나 품질저하를 초래하였다. 이러한 현상을 일부 품질변화뿐만 아니라 FT-IR 스펙트럼 변화로도 확인 할수 있었다. 하지만 산화가 상당히 진행된 연료라도 품질기준을 모두 만족하여 품질검사 항목만으로는 특별한 현상을 발견할 수 없었다. 즉, 품질기준을 만족하더라도 산화로 인한 산화 생성물(고분자물질, 유기산 등)에 의해 차량 문제를 유발할 수 있는 충분한 여지가 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3576-3580
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• 2012

Larva-like GaS nanostructures synthesized by the thermal evaporation of Ga metals and S powders were coated with $SiO_2$ by the sputtering technique. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the cores and shells of the GaS-core/$SiO_2$-shell larva-like nanostructures were single crystal wurtzite-type hexagonal structured-GaS and amorphous $SiO_2$, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature showed that the passivation of the larva-like GaS nanostructures was successfully achieved with $SiO_2$ without nearly harming the major emission from the wires. However, subsequent thermal annealing treatment was found to be undesirable owing to the degradation of their emission in intensity.