• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2004

Purpose: This study reported the outcomes following the use of bioabsorbable knotless anchor in patients with anterior instability of shoulder. Methods: We studied fifteen cases with traumatic anterior shoulder instability underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with bioabsorbable knotless suture anchor between January 2003 and June 2003. Among fifteen patients, fourteen were male and one was female, with a mean patient age of 24 years (range 16-42). The mean follow-up was 14 months (range 12-18 months). We compared with operation time of twenty cases of arthroscopic Bankart repair by the suture anchor technique between January 2002 and October 2002. Results: Neither recurrent dislocation nor subluxation was happened in postoperative follow-up. Mean score for functional evaluation by Rowe et al. was 89.4 and that for patient subjective satisfaction was 87,5. At last follow-up period, average shoulder range of motion for flexion and external rotation was 171$^{\circ}$ and 54$^{\circ}$ respectively. All patients were satisfied except three who had an apprehension at the follow up. During Bankart repair, it took an average of 25.5 minutes for one knot with the use of suture anchor technique whereas an average of 16.5 minutes for one knot with the use of bioabsorbable knotless anchor. Significantly, we saved operation time with the use of bioabsorbable knotless anchor (P<0.05).Conclusion: Repairing the Bankart lesion with the use of knotless anchor technique has the advantage of obtaining good capsular tensioning and saving operation time. And it is considered to be very successful in treating shoulder instability without recurrent dislocation or subluxation.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2009

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis using 3 cannulated screws for the treatment of arthritis of ankle. Materials and Methods: From May 2006 to February 2009, 17 cases of arthritis of ankle were treated by ankle arthrodesis using 3 cannulated screws under arthroscopy. There were 8 male and 7 female and the average age was 62.2 years. We evaluated them clinically using AOFAS ankle-hindfoot functional scale, VAS pain score and patient’s satisfaction. For the radiographic evaluation, we checked them by simple AP, lateral and mortise view. The average follow-up period was 24.2 months. Results: The ankle-hindfoot functional scale was improved from an average of 47.4 points preoperatively to an average of 82.5 points at the last follow-up. The visual analogue scale pain score was decreased from an average of 8.6 to 2.4. Patient's satisfaction had favorable results with excellent in 7 cases(41.2%), good in 8 cases(47.0%), fair in 1 case(5.9%) and poor in1 case(5.9%). All ankles were successfully fused and the mean period of fusion was 9.1 weeks. Conclusion: Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis using 3 cannulated screws was good modality of ankle arthrodesis with good clinical results and high union rate in the case of advanced ankle arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2015

This study examined the glycemic indices (GIs) and glycemic loads of carbohydrate-rich snacks in Korea according to variety and cooking method. The most popular carbohydrate snacks (corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, chestnuts, and red beans) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey nutrient database were cooked using a variety of conventional cooking methods (steaming, baking, porridge, puffing, and frying). The GIs of foods were measured in 60 healthy males after receiving permission from the University Hospital institutional review board (KMC IRB 1306-01). Blood glucose and insulin levels were then measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consuming glucose, and each test food contained 50 g of carbohydrates (corn: 170.0 g, potatoes: 359.7 g, sweet potatoes: 160.3 g, chestnuts: 134.8 g, red beans: 73.1 g). GI values for test foods were calculated based on the increase in the area under the blood glucose response curve for each subject. Steamed potatoes ($93.6{\pm}11.6$), corn porridge ($91.8{\pm}19.5$), baked sweet potatoes ($90.9{\pm}9.6$), baked potatoes ($78.2{\pm}14.5$), steamed corn ($73.4{\pm}9.9$), and steamed sweet potatoes ($70.8{\pm}6.1$) were shown to be considered high GI foods, whereas baked chestnuts ($54.3{\pm}6.3$), red bean porridge ($33.1{\pm}5.5$), steamed red beans ($22.1{\pm}3.2$), fried potatoes ($41.5{\pm}7.8$), and ground and pan-fried potatoes ($28.0{\pm}5.1$) were considered as low GI foods. The results suggest that the cooking method of carbohydrate-rich snacks is an important determinant of GI values.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.107-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to get insights and data from home economics teachers for the development of an in-service educational program on practical problem focused home economics program, which was planned to be held from January 21st and to 29th, 2008. For this, focus group interview, one of qualitative research methods, was used. One session of pilot and three sessions of main focus group interview in which total of 18 from October 31st, 2007 to November 14, 2007. Home economics teachers that participated were carried out. Participants requested the followings contents of an in-service educational program regarding the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. First, most of participants strongly desired to participate in an in-service educational program when a program provided. The participants wanted to be a professional, who is able to explain logically with philosophical background and knowledge about the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. Second, participants requested the followings regarding practical problem focused home economics curriculum for the contents of an in-service educational program: philosophy of home economics, setting a perspective on each content areas, development of practical problem, watching a sample class unit, developing teaching materials and motivation stimulating questions, designing of instruction and lesson plans, class presentation and peer evaluation, constructing paper and pencil test items, and feedback from expects on the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. Third, participants wanted an in-service educational program to be a combination of theory and practice, and at least 50% of it allotted to practice. Participants thought that both peer participants and experts from university would evaluate them whether they achieved the objectives of the in-service educational program if an in-service program has to evaluate participants. Participants would evaluate an in-service educational program excellent when they become empowered to teach other home economics teachers the theoretical aspects of the practical problem focused home economics curriculum and the practical aspects as well. Based on the results of this study a framework of the 30 hours practical problem focused home economics curriculum was proposed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2011

Objective : Korean Version of Beck-II Depression Inventory to verify the reliability and validity of the proposed standards are practical and standardized, cut-off score by establishing a baseline indicating the presence of depression and depression On in the evaluation was to evaluate the clinical usefulness. Methods : 739 patients with major depression using the SCID and normal controls were 302 study subjects. Of patients with clinically significant medical condition, or psychotic disorders, organic mental disorder, epilepsy or seizure disorder, eating disorders are associated with patients taking anti-convulsants experienced in the past, patients were excluded from the study. Results : The main findings of this study were as follows. First, with respect to the KBDI-II items, the correlation between them ranged from 0.51 to 0.74, and was 0.60 over all questions. Further, the overall correlation of the KBDI-II plates showing confidence 'normal' than it was verified that. Second, the BDIII was used in each group to examine internal consistency and thus, whether Cronbach's alpha values were greater than 0.94. Third, the principal component analysis sought to extract factors in a way consistent with the results inspected last 3 factors were extracted and the total variance explained was 47.3%. Fourth, the Cutting calculated the score on the KBDI-II for ROC (Receiver operator characteristic) analysis yielding 18 dot, with the highest sensitivity and specificity was seen. Conclusion : Based on the results of this Study, the KBDI-II cut-off point should be valid as prescribed in 18 is considered.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a percutaneously placed self-expanding metallic stent for the relief of biliary obstruction in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: From November 2001 to December 2004, 48 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were prospectively studied. After percutaneous placement of bilateral selfexpanding, uncovered metallic stents, follow-up evaluation was carried out until July 2005. Results: There were 4 cases of Bismuth type II, 21 cases of Bismuth type IIIa, 8 cases of Bismuth type IIIb and 15 cases of Bismuth type IV. Stent placement was technically successful in all patients. All patients had satisfactory biliary drainage, resulting in one week drainage rate of 72.8% and final drainage rate of 91.1%. There were 12 cases (21.3%) of abdominal pain requiring analgesics and 1 case (7.1%) of cholangitis; both were successfully managed with conservative treatments. Late complications occurred in four patient (8.3%), including two patients with cholangitis, one patient with liver abscess, and one patient with biloma; all were appropriately managed by percutaneous drainage. The average length and median durations of stent patency and median survival time were 303 days (range, 60~815) and 338 days (range, 60~1175), respectively. Conclusion: Placement of a percutaneous metallic stent is an effective and safe method for palliation of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

Background: An automated immunohematology analyzer, DAYMATE M (DAY Medical, Switzerland), has been recently developed. The potential of this analyzer to improve test results has been evaluated. Methods: A total of 300 blood samples from Seoul St. Mary's hospital and Incheon St. Mary's hospital were tested for ABO and RhD typing. In addition, 336 antibody screening test (AST) samples and 82 patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were included. AST results by DAYMATE M were compared with those obtained by a manual method using DS-Screening II (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Switzerland) and red blood cells from Selectogen (Ortho-Clinical diagnostics Inc., USA). Results: Of the 300 patients enrolled, 87, 73, 79, and 61 had type A, B, O, and AB blood, respectively. The concordance rate was 99.9% for cell typing and 97.0% for serum typing. One discordant case was classified as type B instead of AB, and six discordant serum-typing cases were type A, but classified as type AB. Among the 336 AST samples, the concordance rate was 93.2%. From 136 positive cases, six were discordant. Within the 82 HSCT-treated patients, the concordance rate for ABO blood typing was 92.2%. Among the six discordant cases, DAYMATE M typed four cases as donor type where the standard method typed them as the recipient blood type. Conclusions: The DAYMATE M automated immunohematology analyzer performs reliably for ABO and RhD typing, as well as for ASTs and on samples from patients treated with HSCT.

• Ultrasonography
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations of various kinetic parameters derived from the time intensity curve in a xenograft mouse model injected with a prostate cancer model (PC-3 and LNCaP) using an ultrasound contrast agent with histopathologic parameters. Materials and Methods: Twenty nude mice were injected with human prostate cancer cells (15 PC-3 and five LNCaP) on their hind limbs. A bolus of $500{\mu}L$ ($1{\times}10^8$ microbubbles) of second-generation US contrast agent (SonoVue) was injected into the retroorbital vein. The region of interest was drawn over the entire tumor. The time intensity curve was acquired and then fitted to a gamma variate function. The maximal intensity (A), time to peak (Tp), maximal wash-in rate (washin), washout rate (washout), area under the curve up to 50 sec ($AUC_{50}$), area under the ascending slope ($AUC_{in}$), and area under the descending slope ($AUC_{out}$) were derived from the parameters of the gamma variate fit. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF and CD31 was performed. Tumor volume, the area percentage of VEGF stained in a field, and the count of CD31 (microvessel density, MVD) positive vessels showed correlation with the parameters from the time intensity curve. Results: No significant differences were observed between the kinetic and histopathological parameters from each group. MVD showed positive correlation with A (r=0.625, p=0.003), washin (r=0.462, p=0.040), $AUC_{50}$ (r=0.604, p=0.005), and $AUC_{out}$ (r=0.587, p=0.007). Positive correlations were also observed between tumor volume and $AUC_{50}$ (r=0.481, p=0.032), washin (r=0.662, p=0.001), and $AUC_{out}$ (r=0.547, p=0.012). Washout showed negative correlations with MVD (r=-0.454, p=0.044) and tumor volume (r=-0.464, p=0.039). The area percentage of VEGF did not show any correlation with calculated data from the curve. Conclusion: MVD showed correlations with several of the kinetic parameters. CEUS has the potential for prediction of tumor vascularity in a prostate cancer animal model.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.706-711
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• 2017

Purpose: To analyze blinking patterns when watching an ultra-high definition (UHD) television and to compare the results between normal eyes and dry eyes. Methods: A total of 59 participants aged from 13 to 69 years were instructed to watch a colorful and dynamic video on a UHD television for 10 minutes. Before and after watching the UHD television, we measured the best corrected visual acuities, autorefraction, tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion and conjunctival hyperemia via slit lamp biomicroscopy. In addition, questionnaires for the evaluation of eye fatigue and symptoms of a dry eye were completed. The definition of dry eye syndrome was that the tear-break-up-time of one of the eyes was less than 5 seconds, conjunctival injection, or marked corneal erosion. The number of blinks and the duration of blinking were both measured and analyzed at the early and late phases of video-watching. Results: After watching the UHD television in the normal eye group, the tear-break-up-time was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the degree of corneal erosion was significantly increased (p = 0.023). However, the subjective symptoms of participants were not aggravated (p = 0.080). There were no significant differences in blinking patterns in the dry eye group. On the other hand, in the normal eye group, the mean blinking time was significantly increased (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Watching an UHD television changes the tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion, and blinking pattern in normal eyes, which may increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.

• Annals of Clinical Microbiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

Background: Tuberculosis is globally the most important cause of death from single pathogen. Rapid and accurate identification of mycobacteria is essential for the control of tuberculosis. We evaluated a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in direct smears of sputum specimens. Methods: The cross-reactivity of MTB- and NTM-specific PNA probes was examined with reference strains of M. tuberculosis ATCC 13950, Mycobacterium kansasii ATCC 12479, Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 6841, several clinical isolates of mycobacteria (Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium chelonae), and 11 frequently isolated respiratory bacterial species other than mycobacteria. A series of 128 sputa (89 MTB culture positive, 29 NTM culture positive, and 10 under treatment culture negative) with grades of trace to 4+ were used to evaluate the performance of the method. Results: The MTB- and NTM-specific PNA probes showed specific reactions with the reference strains of MTB and M. kansasii and clinical isolates of mycobacteria except M. fortuitum ATCC 6841, and no cross-reactivity with other tested bacteria. The PNA probe-based FISH assay for detection of MTB had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the NTM-specific PNA probe was 100%. The smear grades of the PNA FISH test were same as with those of the fluorescence AFB stain in 2+ or higher grade. Conclusion: Detection and differentiation based on PNA FISH is sensitive and accurate for detecting mycobacteria and for differentiating MTB from NTM in clinical sputum smears.