• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.581-592
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• 2013

This article provides an overview on the geothermal energy research in Europe and one of the EU funded projects 'GEISER (Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs)' in which the authors were involved. More details are given for description of GEISER, in particular, about aims and discussions and how the project was managed. Emphasis is given to one of the work packages 'Induced Seismicity and Large Magnitude Events (LME)' and results of this work package are summarized. This article intends to summarize the lessons learned in the GEISER project and give recommendations to future geothermal projects by creating Enhanced Geothermal Systems hydraulic stimulation where induced seismicity issues are expected to be a major issue and obstacle.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.94-118
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• 2013

Innovation plays a large role in green growth. While it is a widely accepted view that, without innovation, it would be very difficult and costly to address major environmental issues, innovation itself tends to be constrained by limited access to eco-financing and is inherently risky, often requiring a long-term horizon. Although global consensus is more or less established as to the urgency and necessity of accelerating green innovation, the quality and quantity of financing in this area is largely insufficient, with increasing funding gaps in many countries. A new financial mechanism is urgently needed in order to re-orient financial flow and enable innovators to overcome the valleys of death that occur throughout the innovation cycle. A number of different modalities exist in financing the commercialisation of eco-innovation. Existing mechanisms have not been as successful as expected, revealing critical limits to furthering certain types of projects that are essential for economic and environmental progress. Experts' estimations have shown that the funding gap will widen in the coming years as demand for clean energy and green infrastructure rises, and as green technologies and innovation develop faster than the market for it can develop. Against this backdrop, the main purpose of this research is threefold: to identify issues and problems regarding current means of funding for eco-innovation and green projects; to provide insight into securing longterm green financing by looking at European cases; and ultimately to suggest policy implications for designing and implementing eco-specific financial instruments, focusing on governments' roles in sustainable financing for eco-innovation. This study analyses different models of financing mechanisms, a mix of public and private funds, in view of suggesting conditions for the sustainable financing of green projects, especially for large-scale high-risk projects. Based on the findings from the analyses of mechanisms and the shortcomings of the existing funding modalities, this study ultimately suggests policy implications for effectively supporting the commercialisation of eco-innovation.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2014

The Air and Space Interoperability Council (ASIC) has adopted the European Defence Agency (EDA) process for inter-regulatory military airworthiness authority recognition. However, there are gaps in the application of this process to nations outside of the European Union. This paper proposes a model that can effectively map diverse technical airworthiness regulatory frameworks. This model, referred to as the Product-Behaviour-Process (PBP) Bow-Tie model, provides the systematic structure needed to represent and compare regulatory frameworks. The PBP Bow-Tie model identifies key points of difference that need to be addressed, during inter-agency recognition between the two regulatory authorities. With the intention to adopt global use of the EDA process, the proposed PBP Bow-Tie model can be used as a basis for the successful recognition of regulatory frameworks outside of the European Union. Iris plots produced from the implementation of this model are presented, and proposed as a suitable means of illustrating the outcome of an assessment, and of supporting the comparisons of results. A comparative analysis of the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force airworthiness regulatory frameworks is used as a case study. The case study clearly illustrates the effectiveness of the model in discerning regulatory framework differences; moreover, it has offered an opportunity to explore the limitations of the Iris plot.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the demonstration and the spread of smart cities. For this, the European Lighthouse project, a well-known smart city initiative, is analyzed. This article investigates agendas, applied solutions, stakeholders and cooperation, and expansion strategies in the 18 Lighthouse projects implemented by the EIP-SCC Smart City Demonstration Project. Four implications are discussed for Korean smart city projects. First, in promoting smart cities, clear philosophies and principles should be established in response to global issues such as climate change. Second, smart cities should be understood as the approaches for problem-solving rather than simply applying advanced technology. Third, a business system should be established in a way to meet the needs of the actors participating in the smart city demonstration project. Finally, an evaluation framework should be established to verify the performance of the project. High-performing best-practice projects should be supported by articulating their standards for their lessons to be spread into other cities. The implications presented here can contribute to developing smart city models along with follow-up studies.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

As the cost of the operational spacecraft simulator is a large portion of the spacecraft cost and its requirements increase, it is given the pressures to reduce the cost and the development period. For that reason, the space industry with the coordination of ESA has made a study of the reuse in a wide scope across space projects. Its scope includes not only simulation software itself but also software requirements, design, work experience and developing process/methodology. The standard for simulator model portability and the efficiency enhancement of the development process as a result have been successfully applied to several projects. This paper describes the recent trend of the spacecraft simulator in Europe and the present status of its the study and the development.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2004

Lichen is one of the most widely distributed eucaryotic organisms in the world. Lichen is the result of a symbiotic association between two unrelated organisms - a fungus and an alga (or cyanobacterium). In USA, Japan and European countries, there has been a resurgence of interest in lichens as source of novel, pharmacologically active molecules during the last 20 years. However, lichen researches in Korean lichens were mainly focused on investigation of Korean lichen flora and most of them were primitive and short-term based projects until 1990s. In this communication, general introduction of lichens was attempted to draw the attention of Korean researchers to Korean lichen bioresource. Research activities on Korean lichens during the past were also summarized. Recent progress in Korean lichen research is briefly discussed with emphasis of KoLRI (Korean Lichen Research Institute) activities and roles in national researches projects on bioresource development in Korea.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.616-629
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze a creative city development case of the Nantes City in France focused on vitalizing creativity by urban regeneration and to get some policy implications through reflecting on process, governance and performance of the Nantes case. The Nantes City tried to overcome its regional economic depression caused by closing shipyard through its creative city program. The Nantes creative city program has been maintained for 20 years, which succeeded in both transforming economic structure of the Nantes city and improving the image of it. As a result, the Nantes city is regarded as a best city for living in France. It established own city model by participating in European projects, referring to cases of other cities and adopting specialists' views. In the process of creative city, the Nantes distinguished itself from other cities in sizes and circumstances and devoted itself to interactions between the city and culture projects, focused on clear objectives and dynamic co-works. In addition, the Nantes changed creatively buildings and spaces to regenerate deserted regions, and established some high valueadded creative industry on the basis of historic and cultural resources.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-135
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• 2008

This paper alms to analyze gender sensitiveness of national R&D projects-in the field of health- in Korea and to find a new policy which can enhance gender sensitiveness. From the gender sensitive perspective, the gender unbalanced participation in scientific research should be reconsidered, and the result of research also has to be gender balanced. In advanced countries such as european countries or United states, gender sensitive research are enforced in various ways. The NIH developed guidelines on the inclusion of women in clinical research, while the Health Canada invented a new evaluation tool of gender sensitiveness in researches. The analysis of gender sensitiveness in korean national R&D programmes showed that low number of women researchers involved in national R&D programmes, one gender oriented research subjects, and ignorance of women's specific interest in research programmes should be reconsidered and changed. In order to Improve the korean situation, not only a selection process, but also an evaluation process of performed programmes should be developed and implemented.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2016

Global warming caused by greenhouse gases is one of the foremost challenges in the international community. As an alternative to solve this problem, the importance of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) technology is increasing. However, due to the delay of European financial crisis recovery, some large-scale CCS projects were postponed. In turn, large-scale CCS projects in South Korea have not been launched as originally planned. Given these situations, it is important to review the latest R&D activities related to CCS in South Korea, and then adjust relevant national policy accordingly. The purpose of this study is to identify policy issues for the effective promotion of CCS technology in South Korea. Following the analysis of recent global trend on CCS policy, we evaluated the results and achievements from national CCS projects, which had been listed under the "Korean National CCS Master Action Plan (2010)". Especially, we tried to review the attainability for the original goal of each project. Through the present study, we identified the current status of CCS technology in South Korea and suggested efficient ways to be taken in order to increase efficiency in implementing national CCS policy in the future.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.27.3-27.3
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• 2015

The East Asian Observatory (EAO) was established in 2014 by the East Asian Core Observatories Association (EACOA). The goal of the EAO is to build and operate world-class facilities on behalf of the East Asian regions, as a counterpart to the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Leading astronomical facilities such as ALMA, TMT, GMT, and SKA are mega projects which require enormous economic resources. It is difficult for any observatory or any country to fund such facilities on its own. EAO intends to combine the resources and manpower in our East Asian regions, in order to play a leading role in the next generation frontier instruments. The EACOA institutes: NAOC, NAOJ, KASI, and ASIAA, have authorized the EAO to take on the operations of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea as their first joint venture. In this talk, we will report on the development of EAO, our current operations of JCMT, and our future aspirations.