• 한국의료질향상학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2021

Purpose: At present, there are a variety of serious patient safety incidents related to problems in health information technology (HIT), specifically involving electronic medical records (EMRs). This emphasizes the need for an enhanced electronic medical record system (EMRS). As such, this study analyzed both the nature of and potential to prevent incidents associated with HIT/EMRS based on data from the Korea Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System (KOPS). Methods: This study analyzed patient safety incidents submitted to KOPS between August 2016 and December 2019. HIT keywords were used to extract HIT/EMRS incidents. Each case was reviewed to confirm whether the contributing factors were related to HIT/EMRS (HIT/EMRS-related incidents) and if the incident could have been prevented (HIT/EMRS-preventable incidents). The selected reports were summarized for general clarity (e.g., incident type, and degree of harm). Results: Of the 25,515 obtained reports, 2,664 incidents (10.4%) were HIT-related, while 2,525 (9.9%) were EMRS-related. HIT/EMRS-related incidents were the third largest type of incident followed by 'fall' and 'medication incidents.' More than 80% of HIT/EMRS-related incidents were medication-related, accounting for approximately one-third of the total number of medication incidents. Approximately 10% of HIT/EMRS-related incidents resulted in patient harm, with more than 94% of these deemed as preventable; further, sentinel events were wholly preventable. Conclusion: This study provides basic data for improving EMR use/safety standards based on real-world patient safety incidents. Such improvements entail the establishment of long-term plans, research, and incident analysis, thus ensuring a safe healthcare environment for patients and healthcare providers.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the synergistic protective effects of medicinal herbal mixture (HME) including Mori Ramulus (MR), Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC), Eucommiae Cortex (EC), and Black soybean (BS) in C2C12 cells, mouse myoblasts. Methods : Effects of HME on cell viability of C2C12 myoblasts were monitored by MTT assay. Anti-atrophic activity of HME was determined in myoblasts and myotubes under oxidative stress by H₂O₂. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in a medium containing 2% horse serum for 6 days. After that, we measured that expression of MyoD and myogenine, the myogenic regulatory factors, to identify the mechanism of inhibiting muscle atophy after HME treatment. In addition, suppression of phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO3a and MARF-1, transcription factors of degradation proteins were analyzed via western blotting. Results : As a result of MTT, HME there was no show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The cytoprotective effects on oxidative stressed myoblast and myotube was better in HME extract than those of MR, AC, EU, and BS, respectively. HME treatment in Myotube induced by oxidative stress after H₂O₂ treatment increased Myo D, Myogenine activation, and Akt, FoxO3a phosphorylation and decreased expression of MuRF-1. As the results, HME has synergistic effects on protection against proteolysis of C2C12 myotubes through activation of the Akt signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that HME may also be useful as a preventing and treating material for skeletal muscle atrophy caused by age-related diseases.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제38권6_2호
• /
• pp.1709-1722
• /
• 2022

지구온난화로 인해 발생한 기온 상승은 엘니뇨, 라니냐 현상을 초래하였고, 해수의 온도를 비정상적으로 변화시켰다. 해수 온도의 비정상적인 변화는 특정 지역에 강우가 집중되는 현상을 발생시켜 이상 홍수를 빈번하게 일으킨다. 홍수로 인한 인명 및 재산 피해를 복구하고 방지하기 위해서는 침수피해 지역을 신속하게 파악하는 것이 중요한데 이는 합성개구레이더(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)를 통해 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 멀티 커널(kernel) 기반의 수정된 U-NET과 TerraSAR-X 영상을 활용하여 다양한 특성 맵 추출을 통해 반전 잡음(speckle noise)의 효과를 저감하고, 홍수 전, 후의 두 장의 영상을 입력자료로 활용해 홍수 발생 지역을 직접적으로 도출해내는 모델을 제작하고자 한다. 이를 위해 두 장의 SAR 영상을 전처리하여 모델의 입력자료를 제작하였고, 이를 수정된 U-NET 구조에 적용하여 홍수 탐지 딥러닝 모델을 학습시켰다. 해당 방법을 통해 평균 F1 score 값이 0.966으로 높은 수준으로 홍수 발생 지역을 탐지할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 수해 지역에 대한 신속한 복구 및 수해 예방책 도출에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.195-205
• /
• 2022

Background: The biggest concern when using household chemical products is the health risk from inhalation exposure. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to provide information necessary for estimating inhalation exposure factors in several countries/organizations and to present some examples. Methods: We attempted to use PRISMA-ScR for a systematic review, but no major reports were found. We used the Google search function instead to find 'exposure factor handbook'. As for the results, inhalation exposure factors from South Korea, the United States, Canada, the EU, Australia, Japan, and China were compared. Results: The basic concept and origin of exposure factors was the US Environmental Protection Agency's Exposure Factor Handbook. Its latest version is 2011, but several chapters have been updated in 2017, 2018, and 2019. South Korea's Exposure Factor Handbook was updated in 2019, more recently than those of other countries, and was systematically investigated. In South Korea, the average daily respiratory rate is 14.62 m³/day for adults and 12.73 m³/day for children. It is difficult to compare breathing rate by country because each country divides age groups differently and uses different methods to estimate it. Information on household chemical products, space used, and ventilation rate are in the exposure factor handbook in some countries and not in others. It is not in the handbook in South Korea, but in the notice from the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), a sub-regulation of the Chemical Product Safety Act. Conclusions: The exposure factors registered in South Korea's exposure factor handbook have been systematically studied and reflect the most recent data. When using data not in the relevant handbook, data from other countries might be applied, but it should be determined whether the nature and quality of the original data have been managed.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 기존의 낮은 순환골재 품질을 개선하기 위해 다중 회전 날개 및 가이드 판을 순환골재 파쇄장치에 설치하였다. 신기술의 파쇄 효율을 평가하기 위해 시뮬레이션 분석을 실시한 결과, 가이드판을 설치함에 따라 파쇄 드럼 내부에서 대부분의 투입물이 파쇄되고, 다중 회전 날개 및 가이드판이 파쇄물의 상승 회류를 유도하기 때문에 파쇄 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통하여, 다중 회전 날개와 가이드 판을 적용한 파쇄장치는 기존 순환골재 파쇄장치보다 파쇄효율 및 경제성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 신기술로 생산한 순환골재는 기존 순환골재에 비해 골재 표면에 부착된 시멘트 페이스트 및 모르타르의 양이 적었으며, 이를 혼입한 콘크리트에서 역학적 성능 및 탄성계수 저하 현상이 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 신기술로 생산한 순환골재는 표면에 남아있는 미세 시멘트 페이스트 및 모르타르로 인해 콘크리트의 탄산화 저항성이 천연골재 수준으로 개선되지는 못하였다. 따라서, 순환골재를 혼입한 콘크리트의 내구성 저하 현상을 개선하기 위한 장치 개선 또는 결합재 개발 등의 추가 연구 및 실험이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2022

폐콘크리트의 재활용에 대한 연구는 주로 고품질 순환골재 생산에 포커스를 맞춰 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 그 결과 순환골재 국가표준을 제정하는 등 적극적으로 사용할 수 있는 환경이 조성되었다. 하지만 폐콘크리트 미분말의 경우, 그 활용에 대한 연구가 국내에서 많이 수행되었음에도 불구하고 상용화로 이어지는 획기적인 기술은 아직 발표되지 않은 실정이다. 최근 해외 주요 선진국에서는 폐콘크리트 미분말을 클링커나 시멘트의 원료로 사용하는 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이와 같은 배경에서 본 연구에서는 시멘트-콘크리트 산업의 탄소중립을 위한 폐콘크리트 미분말의 고부가가치 재활용 기술 및 상용화 동향에 대한 사례조사를 실시하였다. 폐콘크리트 미분말의 고부가가치 리싸이클을 위해서는 골재와 시멘트 페이스트의 완벽한 성분 분리가 필수적이며, 해외 주요국에서는 연구 개발 단계를 넘어 클링커의 원료 또는 시멘트의 혼합재로 사용하는 것에 대한 상용화 및 표준화가 진행 중이다. 따라서, 국내에서도 탄소중립의 관점에서 폐콘크리트의 재활용을 위한 연구 개발 및 표준화에 대한 논의가 시급하게 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Objective of this study is to review briefly exposure characteristics, monitoring instruments and threshold limit values for extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) methods. This study was undertaken through brief literature review. We performed a literature search in PubMed to identify ELF-MF studies conducted in workplaces. Initial search keywords such as 'extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF)' and 'electromagnetic fields (EMF)' combined or singly. We limited our review to occupational rather than general nonworkplace environmental exposures. Methods: The contents we reviewed: key industry and occupations generating ELF-MF, several direct-reading instruments monitoring ELF-MF and threshold limit values (TLV) preventing health effects may be caused by the exposure to ELF-MF. Results: The industries related to the generation and supply of electricity, electrolytic installations, welding, and induction heating and more were regarded as high ELF-MF exposure industries. All jobs handling or employed performed in power cable lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment are found to be exposed to ELF-MF. Threshold or ceiling limit, 1,000 µT, is established to prevent acute effects of exposure to low-frequency EMFs on the nervous system: the direct stimulation of nerve and muscle tissues and the induction of retinal phosphenes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ELF-MF as possibly carcinogenic to humans chiefly based on epidemiological studies on childhood leukemia. However, a causal relationship between magnetic fields and several types of cancer including childhood leukemia has not been established nor has any other long-term effects. Risk management using precautionary measures, has been initiated by the US and EU to prevent chronic health effects related to ELF-MF exposure in workplaces. Conclusion: This study recommends the implementation of various measures such as theestablishment of occupational exposure limit values for ELF-MF and precautionary principle to prevent potential chronic occupational health effects may be caused by ELF-MF in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.45-64
• /
• 2022

Purpose - This paper examines South Korea's potential status as a carbon leakage country, and the level of risk posed by the Korean emissions trading scheme (ETS) for Korean industries. The economic effects of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) to protect energy-intensive Korean industries in the process of achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030 through the Korean ETS are also analyzed. Design/methodology - First, using the Korean Input-Output (IO) table, this paper calculates the balance of emissions embodied in trade (BEET) and the pollution terms of trade (PTT) to determine Korean industries' carbon leakage status. Analyses of the risk level posed by carbon reduction policy implementation in international trade are conducted for some sectors by applying the EU criteria. Second, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, three BCA scenarios, exemption regulations (EXE), reimbursement (REB), and tariff reduction (TAR) to protect the energy-intensive industries under the Korean ETS are addressed. Compared to the baseline scenario of achieving carbon reduction targets by 2030, the effects of BCAs on welfare, carbon leakage, outputs, and trading are analyzed. Findings - As Korea's industrial structure has been transitioning from a carbon importing to a carbon leaking country. The results indicate that some industrial sectors could face the risk of losing international competitiveness due to the Korean ETS. South Korea's industries are basically exposed to risk of carbon leakage because most industries have a trade intensity higher than 30%. This could be interpreted as disproving vulnerability to carbon leakage. Although the petroleum and coal sector is not in carbon leakage, according to BEET and PTT, the Korean ETS exposes this sector to a high risk of carbon leakage. Non-metallic minerals and iron and steel sectors are also exposed to a high risk of carbon leakage due to the increased burden of carbon reduction costs embodied in the Korean ETS, despite relatively low levels of trade intensity. BCAs are demonstrated to have an influential role in protecting energy-intensive industries while achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030. The EXE scenario has the greatest impact on mitigation of welfare losses and carbon leakage, and the TAF scenario causes a disturbance in the international trade market because of the pricing adjustment system. In reality, the EXE scenario, which implies completely exempting energy-intensive industries, could be difficult to implement due to various practical constraints, such as equity and reduction targets and other industries; therefore, the REB scenario presents the most realistic approach and appears to have an effect that could compensate for the burden of economic activities and emissions regulations in these industries. Originality/value - This paper confirms the vulnerability of the Korean industrial the risk of carbon leakage, demonstrating that some industrial sectors could be exposed to losing international competitiveness by implementing carbon reduction policies such as the Korean ETS. The contribution of this paper is the identification of proposed approaches to protect Korean industries in the process of achieving the 2030 reduction target by analyzing the effects of BCA scenarios using a CGE model.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2022

Objective : In this study, we conducted to analysis the patents about Korean medicine based treatment technology for pet. Methods : We collected the Korean, Japan, USA, China, EU and PCT patent for the Korean medicine-based treatment technology for pet using WIPSON data base registered by October 4, 2020 were selected. Results : Patents for the development of pet Korean medicine-based treatment technology have been constantly applied since the mid-2000s, starting in 1990, with a total of 84 applications. The number of patent applications filed in Korea was the largest, after Japan and China. The detailed composition of the applications reported until now is pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of pet were the most applied with 39%(33 cases), followed by feed used as stocks for pet at 36%(30 cases). According to the patent application rate by disease, most of applications rate composed to be associated with immunity in 2009 to 2013 with 40% of applications. In 2014 to 2018 43% of patent applications are associated with gastrointestinal/digestive system. In this regard, multiple applications were filed in the order of immunity, digestive system, obesity and urinary system. Conclusion : This study analyzed the trend of 84 patents about Korean medicine-based treatment technology for pet to date to establish the basis for future research and development. There were many applications related to immunity from 2009 to 2013, and since then, related to digestive disease from 2014 to 2018.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2022

Background: A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was adopted in the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH, EU) regulations as well as the Act on Registration, Evaluation, etc. of Chemicals (AREC, Republic of Korea). It has been previously used in the registration of chemicals. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the correlation between the predicted data provided by three prediction programs using a QSAR model and actual experimental results (acute fish, daphnia magna toxicity). Through this approach, we aimed to effectively conjecture on the performance and determine the most applicable programs when designating toxic substances through the AREC. Methods: Chemicals that had been registered and evaluated in the Toxic Chemicals Control Act (TCCA, Republic of Korea) were selected for this study. Two prediction programs developed and operated by the U.S. EPA - the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) models - were utilized along with the TOPKAT (Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology) commercial program. The applicability of these three programs was evaluated according to three parameters: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: The prediction analysis on fish and daphnia magna in the three programs showed that the TOPKAT program had better sensitivity than the others. Conclusions: Although the predictive performance of the TOPKAT program when using a single predictive program was found to perform well in toxic substance designation, using a single program involves many restrictions. It is necessary to validate the reliability of predictions by utilizing multiple methods when applying the prediction program to the regulation of chemicals.