• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1020-1033
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• 2020

This study attempted to investigate the usefulness of Rhus javanica L., Cinnamomum verum and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts which have antimicrobial and antioxidant effects without any harm on human health as natural preservatives. In terms of extraction, extraction by 70% ethanol and hot-water extraction were used for Cinnamomum verum and Rhus javanica L. respectively. For Rosmarinus officinalis, a mixed method (70% ethanol and hot-water extraction) was adopted. In terms of experimental methods, antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity through DPPH and safety and stability of cosmetics were assessed, and a challenge test was performed, and the results found the followings: According to an antimicrobial test, good antimicrobial effects were found in bacteria (Rhus javanica L. extract) and fungi (Cinnamomum verum extract). In contrast, the Rosmarinus officinalis extract was set aside because of poor antimicrobial activity. In the mixed extract (Rhus javanica L. + Cinnamomum verum), antimicrobial effects were observed in 'complex C (mixed in a 1:1 ratio)' while both inhibitory and sterilizing effects were found in 5 different test strains at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In addition, antioxidant effects were detected in non-mixed extract and mixed extract ('complex C'). Furthermore, a test on cosmetics which adopted '10% complex C' instead of synthetic preservative revealed safety and stability. Therefore, this study has confirmed the potential of the Rhus javanica L., Cinnamomum verum and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts as materials for natural preservatives.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2005

Basic optimal extraction condition and stability data were determined for prediction of usefulness of olive leaf as functional food material. Solid contents of olive leaf extracts increased with increasing extraction temperature and ethanol content, and was the highest (38%) under $85^{\circ}C$, 80% ethanol, and 5 hr treatment conditions, Total phenol contents and electron-donating abilities of olive leaf extracts also increased with Increasing ethanol content, and were the highest under $25^{\circ}C$, 80% ethanol, and 1 hr treatment conditions, then slightly decreased during storage at $25,\;55,\;and\;85^{\circ}C$. Olive leaf extract showed high stability under acidic storage condition, while low under alkalic condition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8292-8296
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• 2015

We manufactured a liqueur containing Cordyceps extract. 21 kinds of the liqueur were manufactured and analyzed the cordycepin content, cordycepin stability and alcohol content. Cordycepin content was detected up to $58{\mu}g/mL$ in DL-3(adding Cordyceps militaris and leached for 3 months). Results of Alcohol content analysis, Methanol was not detected in all samples. Ethanol contents showed at 31.4% from the Leaching process for 3 months after distillation, and at 17.2% from the rice wine adding Cordyceps militaris 8 g. In the results of the Cordycepin content stability analysis, the Cordycepin content decreased during storage period little by little, so our considered opinion is that the cordycepin content should be increased slightly when producing as products.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.754-760
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• 2006

Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) has been used to enhance the dispersity of Au nanoparticles in organic solvent and the affinity between the Au nanoparticles surface and titanium dioxide shell in the synthesis of $Au/TiO_2$ core-shell composite nanoparticles. The dispersity of the MUA-coated Au nanoparticles in ethanol aqueous solution with different concentration of $H_2O$ was investigated by UV-Vis. absorption spectrum and the coating amount of MUA was varied from 0.02 mM to 1.0 mM. The MUA-coated Au nanoparticles were highly dispersed in pure $H_2O$ in the wide range of the coating amount of MUA. On the contrary, the MUAcoated Au nanoparticles showed an enhanced stability in the ethanol/$H_2O$=8/2 mixed solution only when the coating amount of MUA was 0.05 mM, and in the ethanol/$H_2O$=7/3 mixed solution when the coating amount of MUA was in the range from 0.02 mM to 0.17 mM. From this systematic study, it can be inferred that the stability and the dispersibility of Au nanoparticles in organic solvents are highly sensitive towards the amount of MUA coating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.969-974
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory activity of Ecklonia cava (EC) against lipase and the stability of this activity under various heat and pH conditions. As a result, EC ethanol extract showed lipase inhibitory activity of 59, 34 and 19% at concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1 mg/mL, whereas the water extract showed low inhibitory activity at all concentrations compared to that of the ethanol extracts. In a heat and pH stability test, the inhibitory activity of the EC ethanol extract increased with heat treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min compared with the control and was stable in the pH range of 2~10. Therefore, the EC ethanol extract could be useful as a natural anti-obesity agent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2011

Background: Calcification is the most frequent cause of clinical failure of bioprosthetic tissues fabricated from GA-fixed porcine valves or bovine pericardium. A multi-factorial approach using different mechanisms was recently developed to reduce the calcification of bioprosthetic tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the synchronized synergism of using L-arginine and $NaBH_4$, compared with ethanol and L-lysine, in glutaraldehyde treated porcine pericardium from the standpoint of calcification and tissue elasticity. Materials and Methods: Porcine pericardium was fixed at 0.625% GA (7 days at room temperature after 2 days at $4^{\circ}C$). An interim step of ethanol (80%; 1 day at room temperature) or L-lysine (0.1 M; 2 days at $37^{\circ}C$) or L-arginine (0.1 M; 2 days at $37^{\circ}C$) was followed by completion of the GA fixation. A final step of NaBH4 (0.1 M; 2 days at room temperature) was followed. Their tensile strength, thickness, and thermal stability were measured. Treated pericardia were implanted subcutaneously into three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 weeks. Calcium content was assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and histology. Results: L-arginine and $NaBH_4$ pretreatment ($1.81{\pm}0.39$ kgf/5 mm p=0.001, $0.30{\pm}0.08$ mm p<0.001) significantly increased tensile strength and thickness compared with the control ($0.53{\pm}0.34$ kgf/5 mm, $0.10{\pm}0.02$ mm). In a thermal stability test, L-arginine and $NaBH_4$ pretreatment ($84.25{\pm}1.12^{\circ}C$, p=0.023) caused a significant difference from the control ($86.25{\pm}0.00^{\circ}C$). L-lysine and $NaBH_4$ pretreatment ($183.8{\pm}42.6$ ug/mg, p=0.804), and L-arginine and $NaBH_4$ pretreatment ($163.3{\pm}27.5$ ug/mg, p=0.621) did not significantly inhibit calcification compared to the control ($175.5{\pm}45.3$ ug/mg), but ethanol and $NaBH_4$ pretreatment did ($38.5{\pm}37.3$ ug/mg, p=0.003). Conclusion: The combined pretreatment using L-arginine and $NaBH_4$ after GA fixation seemed to increase the tensile strength and thickness of porcine pericardium, fixed with GA. Additionally, it seemed to keep thermal stability. However it could not decrease the calcification of porcine pericardium fixed with GA. $NaBH_4$ pretreatment seemed to decrease the calcification of porcine pericardium fixed with GA, but only with ethanol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.480-485
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity of 80% ethanol extract of celery seeds and to verify the effectiveness of extracts as a natural antioxidant to improve the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. The radical scavenging activity of 80% ethanol extract of celery seeds was significantly increased at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL (p<0.05). Additionally, the total phenolic content and FRAP value were equal to $8.2{\pm}2.3mol$ tannic acid equivalent/g extract and $195.0{\pm}12.6mol$ ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. The headspace oxygen content was significantly higher in the group treated with 80% ethanol extract of celery seeds than in the control group (p<0.05). The amounts of lipid hydroperoxide and conjugated diene were significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.05). The results showed that the extract of celery seeds had excellent antioxidant ability and it could be used as a natural antioxidant owing to the increased oxidative stability of the emulsified product.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

A repeated batch fermentation system was used to produce ethanol using $Saccharomyces$ $cerevisiae$ strain (NCIM 3640) immobilized on sugarcane ($Saccharum$ $officinarum$ L.) pieces. For comparison free cells were also used to produce ethanol by repeated batch fermentation. Scanning electron microscopy evidently showed that cell immobilization resulted in firm adsorption of the yeast cells within subsurface cavities, capillary flow through the vessels of the vascular bundle structure, and attachment of the yeast to the surface of the sugarcane pieces. Repeated batch fermentations using sugarcane supported biocatalyst were successfully carried out for at least ten times without any significant loss in ethanol production from sugarcane juice and molasses. The number of cells attached to the support increased during the fermentation process, and fewer yeast cells leaked into fermentation broth. Ethanol concentrations (about 72.65-76.28 g/L in an average value) and ethanol productivities (about 2.27-2.36 g/L/hr in an average value) were high and stable, and residual sugar concentrations were low in all fermentations (0.9-3.25 g/L) with conversions ranging from 98.03-99.43%, showing efficiency 91.57-95.43 and operational stability of biocatalyst for ethanol fermentation. The results of the work pertaining to the use of sugarcane as immobilized yeast support could be promising for industrial fermentations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2005

To develop cosmetics using Jindalae flowers (Rhododendron mucronulatum), the surface tensions of extracts were measured and the properties and stability of cream with extracts were investigated. The surface tension of 0.1% ethanol extract was 30.42 mN/m and that of distilled water was 72.2 mN/m. The surface tension of cream with 0.1% ethanol extract was similar to that of sample cream and the measured pH were weakly alkalic. The surface tension of 1% ethanol extract was the lowest value of 24.98 mN/m, the measured pH of cream with 1% ethanol extract was weakly acidic and the particle size of cream was stable. According to an oscillatory test, linear viscoelastic region was extended by adding of 1% water extract and 1% ethanol extract to cream, indicating that the cream had greater enhanced resistance for preserving inner structure as compared to outside stress.　Besides, as a result of the diminished loss angle of ethanol extract cream, the elasticity of cream was increased more than that of sample cream and cream with 0.1% ethanol extract. In contrast, in the case of the increased loss angle of water extract cream, the viscosity of cream was increased. In conclusion, Rhododendron mucronulatum can be deliberated as a cosmetic material because 0.1% water and ethanol extracts showed efficacious physiological activities and cream with 1% extracts could extend linear viscoelastic region.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by varying subcritical media on the physicochemical properties of pork patties. For resource of SPH, two different soybean species (Glycine max Merr.) of Daewonkong (DWK) and Saedanbaek (SDB) were selected. SPH was prepared by subcritical processing at 190℃ and 25 MPa under three different of media (water, 20% ethanol and 50% ethanol). Solubility and free amino group content revealed that water was better to yield larger amount of SPH than ethanol/water mixtures, regardless of species. Molecular weight (Mw) distribution of SPH was also similar between two species, while slightly different Mw distribution was obtained by subcritical media. For pork patty application, 50% ethanol treatment showed clear red color comparing to control after 14 d of storage. In addition, ethanol treatment had better oxidative stability than control and water treatment based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) analysis. For eating quality, although 20% ethanol treatment in SDB showed slightly higher cooking loss than control, generally addition of SPH did not affect the water-binding properties and hardness of pork patties. Consequently, the present study indicated that 50% ethanol was the best subcritical media to produce SPH possessing antioxidant activity, and the SPH produced from DWK exhibited better antioxidant activity than that produced SDB.