• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 1998

The extraction yield of MeOH extract of green teas, oolong tea and black tea were 3 to 5, 4 to 5, and 5 to 7 fold higher than those of EtOH and EtAC extract, respectively. The amount of total catechins of EtAC extract of the black tea, and of the green teas and oolong tea were three- and two-fold higher than that of EtOH or MeOH extract of the corresponding teas, respectively. The antioxidative activities of EtOH, MeOH and EtAc extract were considerably higher than that of BHT and $dl-{\alpha}-tocopherol$ at 200 ppm level. The antioxidative activities of EtOH and MeOH extract at 200 and 500 ppm level, and of EtAc extract at 200 ppm level varied depending on the type of tea as follows : green tea I > green tea II > green tea III > oo-long tea> black tea. The antioxidative activity increased as the content of EGC increased. But the antioxidative activity of MeOH extract at 1000 ppm level, and of EtAc extract at 500 and 1000 ppm level were not affected by the content of EGC and EGCG.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aims to provide basic data about Portulacae Herba (PH) extracts as natural antioxidants by considering diverse antioxidant activities of PH depending on solvents. Methods : The samples of PH were pulverized, and A hot water and a 70% EtOH were stir-extracted for two hours three times repeatedly in a water bath with a temperature of 95 degrees and at room temperature respectively to measure 7 kinds of antioxidant activities. Results : There were significant differences in total phenol content, because the total phenol content of the 70% EtOH extract was higher than the hot water extract's, and the total flavonoid content of the 70% EtOH extract($4.40{\mu}g/mg$) was nearly 3.8 times higher than the hot water extract's($1.16{\mu}g/mg$). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 70% EtOH extract showed a little higher activity than the hot water extract, and at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mg$, the highest scavenging activity was found in the 70% EtOH extract, not in the control group. Hydroxyl radical and $Fe^{2+}$ chelatingactivities were slightly higher in hot water extract than in 70% EtOH extract, and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Nitrite scavenging activities increased dose-dependently in the hot water and the 70% EtOH extract, regardless of the pH level, and scavenging activity of the 70% EtOH extract was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is thought that PH hot water and 70% EtOH extract have antioxidant activities, and can be used as natural antioxidants in future.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2021

The roots of reed (Phragmites australis) were used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory problems, including symptoms such as high fever and cough. In this study, we identified the active ingredient from 70% EtOH reed root extract, and evaluated the whitening, wrinkle improvement and moisturizing effects. The content of p-coumaric acid, the active ingredient of the roots of P. australis, was slightly lower in 70% EtOH extract than in 100% EtOH extract. However, 70% EtOH reed root extract showed similar or higher effect in reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity compared to 100% EtOH extract. Moreover, 70% EtOH reed root extract markedly inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells treated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 70% EtOH reed root extract significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced elastase activity in HDF human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 70% EtOH reed root extract ameliorated hyaluronic acid synthase-2 (HAS-2) expression induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulation in HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this study suggest that 70% EtOH reed root extract has potential as a functional cosmetic material related to whitening, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in 75% EtOH extract and its fractions from bark of Prunus sargen tii. The total polyphenol and flavonoidcontent of the EtOAc fraction were found to be 378.0 mg/g and 67.5 mg/g as the highest content. In the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging ability, EtOAc and BuOH fraction were exhibited stronger scavenging ability than the other fractions and 75% EtOH extract. In antibacterial activity by disc diffusion assay against pathogen of acne, antibacterial activity of the EtOAc fraction and 75% EtOH extract was stronger than the other fractions. Especially, the EtOAc fraction was the highest effective fraction in the antibacterial activity. Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction and 75% EtOH extract was higher than the other fractions. In particular, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the EtOAc fraction showed higher activity than ascorbic acid used as positive control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.384-388
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• 2002

The effects of the ethanol (EtOH)-extract of Allium wageki were studied on the changes of body weight (BW), systolic blood pressure (SBP), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, and insulin levels in Sprague-Dawley rats in which high fructose feeding elicited hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. SBP and BW were measured for 7 weeks on the fructose diet, fructose/EtOH-extract, vehicle- treated, or vehicle/EtOH-treated rats. The EtOH-extract of Allium wageki blocked the increases of SBP ($119.4{\pm}3.7\;mmHg$ in fructose/EtOH-extract of Allium wageki; $141{\pm}4.3 \;mmHg$ in fructose diet, p<0.01) and BW ($368{\pm}11.4\;g$ in fructose/EtOH-extract of Allium wageki; $402{\pm}15.7\;g$ in fructose diet, p<0.05) by high fructose-diet. The increases of TG, total cholesterol, and insulin levels were also blocked by administration of EtOH-extract of Allium wageki in fructose-induced hypertensive rats. These results suggest that EtOH-extract of Allium wageki has protect effects on the increases of TG, total cholesterol, insulin level, and blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertensive rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2010

This study was presented to the physiological activities such as metal chelating capacity, superoxide dismutase-like activity, anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity from Zanthoxylum schnifolium fruit. The values for metal chelating capacity of 1 mg/mL of 70% EtOH and 70% MeOH extracts were 68% and 67%, respectively, it was shown that metal chelating capacity in a dose-dependent manner. The 100% EtOH and 100% MeOH extract exhibited strong superoxide dismutase-like activity. The highest SOD-like activity obtained from 100% EtOH was 51% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL. The all extracts of Zanthoxylum schnifolium fruit except $H_2O$ extract significantly decreased the concentration of LPS-induced NO in Raw 264.7 cells. The 100% EtOH, 100% MeOH and 70% EtOH extract represented the highest activity in the anti-inflammation properties in vitro. However, the 100% EtOH and 100% MeOH extracts has cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells and it may affect cell viability. Conclude that 70% EtOH extract was most suitable for anti-inflammation. Our results revealed that the Zanthoxylum schnifolium fruit expected to physiological activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

An 80% EtOH extract and the solvent fractions of the seeds of Cornus officinalis were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced protein cross-linking in vitro. In vitro assay for AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) formation showed that the 80% EtOH extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions significantly inhibited AGEs formation with observed $IC_{50}$ values of 1.13, 17.64, 1.52, 1.24 and $3.27{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In indirect AGEs-ELISA assay, the 800% EtOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on AGEs-BSA formation than aminoguanidine, a well know AGEs inhibitor. Furthermore, the 80% EtOH extract and all the solvent fractions inhibited concentration-dependently AGE-BSA cross-linking to collagen. The 80% EtOH extract, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions also had a breaking activity against preformed AGE-BSA cross-linking concentration dependently. Thus these results suggest that the 80% EtOH extract and fractions of the seeds of C. officinalis could be an inhibitor as well as breaker of AGE-BSA cross-linking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.726-731
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the antitumor activities of water and ethanol (EtOH) extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation of the human hepatoma (HepG2), rectum cancer (HRT-18) and colon cancer (HT-29) cells was inhibited by administration of extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, EtOH extract inhibited proliferation of the cells more effectively than water extract did. The morphology of cells induced by EtOH extract was characterized by reduction of cell size and deformatin. Oral administration of the EtOH extract (3 mg/head) to tumor-bearing mice inhibited the tumor (sarcoma-180) growth by 35% and prolonged their survival rate by 61%. The EtOH extract was shown to be nontoxic at 37.5% mg/head/day on the acute toxicity test. These studies suggest that the EtOH extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza may have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.246-251
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• 2009

This study examined the possible hypoglycemic effects Angelica gigas Naki extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(STZ+50%, STZ+100% EtOH and STZ+water). The studies showed that administration of the Angelica gigas Naki extract decreased high blood glucose levels(more than 300 mg/$d{\ell}$) to a normal level(104 mg/$d{\ell}$) in the STZ+50% EtOH group. Liver glucokinase levels were significantly increased in STZ+50% EtOH and STZ+100% EtOH groups compared to the STZ group. Moreover, the liver acetyl CoA carboxylase level was significantly increased in STZ+50% EtOH, STZ+100% EtOH and STZ+water groups compared to the STZ group. These results suggest that the Angelica gigas Naki extract in the STZ+50% EtOH group exerted an ameliorable effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance, either as a dietary supplements or as a new drug.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2007

The antioxidant activities of water ($H_2O$) and ethanol (EtOH) extracts from hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) juice and cake prepared by enzymatic treatments were evaluated by in vitro assays against DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Among the $H_2O$ and EtOH extracts from five different carbohydrases treated, the EtOH extract from viscozyme-treated hamcho cake had higher yield and phenolic content, and exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity against DPPH ($IC_{50}=186.91\;{\mu}g/mL$), superoxide ($IC_{50}=87.54\;{\mu}g/mL$), and hydroxyl radicals ($IC_{50}=367.07\;{\mu}g/mL$). Antioxidant assay-guided fractionation and purification of the EtOH extract led to isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds, procatechuic, ferulic and caffeic acids, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. Most of these phenolic compounds exhibited considerable DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and in particular, caffeic and ferulic acids had stronger superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities than the well-known antioxidant radical scavenger, (+)-catechin (p<0.05). Quercetin and isorhamnetin were the primary compounds responsible for the strong antioxidant activity in the EtOH extract of the viscozyme-treated hamcho cake. Meanwhile, these five phenolic compounds were detected in the EtOH extract of the viscozyme-treated hamcho cake at the following levels (dry base of hamcho); procatechuic acid (1.54 mg%), caffeic acid (6.87 mg%), ferulic acid (8.45 mg%), quercetin (12.63 mg%), and isorhamnetin (6.65 mg%). However, three of these phenolic compounds (procatechuic, caffeic acid, and ferulic acids) were detectable in the $H_2O$ extract of viscozyme-treated hamcho juice. These results suggest that the EtOH extract of viscozyme-treated hamcho cake may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.