• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2001

According to the liberalization of the air transport industry, the operation of airport also takes account of economic efficiency. The owners or the operators of an airport or airport systems want to know what is the best way to achieve the best performance in the aspect of economic efficiency and they are willing to improve the airport operation system. Prerequisite for the improvement of economic efficiency is to measure the performance of not only their own airports but the other airports. This study presents the result of performance measurement of Korean airports. The overall costs performance, labor productivity, capital productivity, revenue performance and profit performance are estimated and interpreted. As conclusions, the suggestion about airport system improvement is presented.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.555-580
• /
• 2004

We analyzed the effect of 6-month lagged number portability policy and introduction of common number among carriers on Korean mobile market. Our result shows that the policy change contributed to both the increase in number of mobile subscribers and decrease in dominant carrier's market share. We found that unified prefix among mobile operators is more effective than the lagged number portability policy. The carriers' profit, however, decreased a lot due to excessive marketing expenditure. We also estimated market shares of carriers up to year 2005 when full number portability policy is adopted. The results show that dominant carrier's monopolistic power will be recovered by the end of 2005 implying government's number policy itself cannot guarantee the effective competition in Korean mobile market.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.169-189
• /
• 2010

Composition depending on the development of industrial sites are located just within the existing facilities are hoping to become a retention, in accordance with the law will impose a liability amount. Then calculating the profit and loss analysis of the retention is required. In other words, the composition of the industrial site will be retained for existing facilities and the amount of the profit is necessary to analyze. In this study, the calculation of expenses and the income of retained existing facilities will be presented with analytical methods. Especially the existing cases of dispute with the results of the adjustment and the calculation of contributions for a range of benefits associated with the analysis according to 'The Industrial Sites and Development Act', the following conclusions were drawn. According to 'The Industrial Sites and Development Act', the facility at the industrial site composition within the limits of increasing the convenience of being charged is reasonable. In particular, the industrial site of buildings located within existing facilities depending on the composition and future industrial sites are public facilities available for the facility to consider the possibility of calculating contributions to be reasonable. Additional benefits which can be the land prices, tax exemptions, and increasing efficiency of land use for the benefits are not yet realized the benefits against the expenses side, as well as imposing double taxation. Therefore, the heavy emphasis on convenience is not considered to be reasonable. Including in the industrial site, the cost of damages caused, that is, noise, pollution, and the defective product possibility should be considered a side opinion, but it still does not promote the development of states estimated the cost of the damage is not right to be counted. Therefore, this facility should not be included in calculating contributions.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.304-318
• /
• 2014

It is necessary for a retailer to improve responsiveness to uncertain customer demand in product sales. In order to solve this problem, this paper discusses an optimal operation for a 2-stage-ordering-production system consisting of a retailer and a manufacturer. First, based on the demand information estimated at first order time $t_1$, the retailer determines the optimal initial order quantity $Q^*_1$, the optimal advertising cost $a^*_1$ and the optimal retail price $p^*_1$ of a single product at $t_1$, and then the manufacturer produces $Q^*_1$. Next, the retailer updates the demand information at second order time $t_2$. If the retailer finds that $Q^*_1$ dissatisfies the demand indicated by the demand information updated at $t_2$, the retailer determines the optimal second order quantity $Q^*_2$ under $Q^*_1$ and adjusts optimally the advertising cost and the retail price to $a^*_2$ and $p^*_2$ at $t_2$. Here, decision-making approaches for two situations are made-a decentralized supply chain (DSC) whose objective is to maximize the retailer's profit and an integrated supply chain (ISC) whose objective is to maximize the whole system's profit. In the numerical analysis, the results of the optimal decisions under DSC are compared with those under ISC. In addition, supply chain coordination is discussed to adjust the unit wholesale price at each order time as Nash Bargaining solutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.512-520
• /
• 1994

To enhance the utilization of Larch(Larix leptolepis Gorden) wood, the sawdusts were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes(Mori 290) by varying the composition of the media. The economic efficiency for producing mushrooms from larch sawdusts was evaluated. The results are as follows. 1. Larch sawdust was as much efficient as oak sawdust in the growth of the mycelia and production of good quality of oak mushrooms. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvested starting six months after beginning the cultivation. No differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The contents of lignin(28.6-28.7%) in the fresh sawdust of larchwood are higher than those in the residues of the used media(18.2%). But lignin content of 1% NaOH extracts(30.4-34.4%) in fresh sawdust of larch was lower than those in the residues(68.0%). 4. The production of mushroom was relatively high to be 29.7-31.5%(760-780g.)/2.5kg pack) of mushroom weight. The net profit estimated was 1,475Won per pack.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2020

Estimating investment profits of real estate is critical to understand real estate markets and create relevant policy as real estate market and capital market combines closely. Thus, this study applied the concept of Tobin's Q to estimate investment profits for apartments as well as row-houses and multi-family homes in Seoul from 2010 to 2018. Investment profits were estimated by two approaches: subtracting the replacement cost from the transaction price and calculating ratio of the transaction price to the replacement cost, respectively. The spatio-temporal changes in investment profits were apparent in apartments compared with row-houses and multi-family homes. As a result of analyzing the spatial econometrics models, the investment profit was higher in the area with high density and new developments regardless of the housing types. The framework and key findings would be the effective reference to understand residential investment behavior, create relevant housing policy, introduce value capture of windfall, measure regional competitiveness, and estimate housing bubble.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.24-47
• /
• 2006

Based on the findings of a study focused on medical institutions(Fama & French, 2002), this study determined possible causality between determinants of capital structure and liability level, while estimating targeted debt ratio. Moreover, it also examined hypotheses about the adjustment of targeted debt ratio and the of fundraising patterns, so that it verified the relative priority of trade-off theory and pecking order theory. First, profitability had positive(+) relationships with liability level, while investment opportunities had negative(-) relationships with liability level. This finding supported pecking order theory, and non-liability tax shield effects had negative(-) relationships with liability level as estimated in both trade-off theory and pecking order theory. Next, this study verified trade-off and pecking order theory at once by means of regression analysis about the variation of liability level in associations with disparity from targeted debt ratio and short-term fluctuation of profit and investment. As a result, it was noted that liability level became mean-reversed to targeted liability ratio but slowly, SO it was difficult to assert that such mean reverse may support trade-off theory. However, the finding that most of short-term fluctuations of profit and investment are absorbed into liabilities supported pecking order theory. On the other hand, it was found that the larger scale of medical institutions is more supportive of pecking order theory in the associations between liability level and profitability and the fundraising patterns than trade-off theory.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.85-108
• /
• 2011

Under Ford system, corporations sought to maximize the economies of scale by raising the production efficiency. It aims to lower the production cost by increasing the quantity of output. But in the era of market flux and uncertainty, however, such strategies can no longer be sustained. Replacing the structures of Ford system, Toyota was able to accelerate the pace of process innovation and product innovation. Related to this innovation is JIT, new model development, modularization. The firm's reliance on flexible production technology provides opportunities to expand her production basis to foreign countries successfully. The main objective of this paper is to explore the contribution of process innovation to profit-capital ratio. The model is estimated using a time-series data of 18 years from 1990 to 2007 of auto production industry in korea. An Implication of this estimation shows that process innovation explains a significant portion of profit-capital ratio.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2016

Techno-economic evaluation of Non-Capture $CO_2$ Utilization (NCCU) technology for the production of high-value-added products using greenhouse gas ($CO_2$) was performed. The general scheme of NCCU process is composed of $CO_2$ carbonation and brine electrolysis process. Through a carbonation reaction with sodium hydroxide that is generated from brine electrolysis and $CO_2$ of the flue gas, it is possible to get high-value-added products such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen & chloride and also to reduce the $CO_2$ emission simultaneously. For the techno-economic study on NCCU technology, continuous operation of bench-scale facility which could treat $2kgCO_2/day$ was performed. and based on the key performance data evaluated, the economic evaluation analysis targeted on the commercial chemical plant, which could treat 6 tons $CO_2$ per day, was performed using the net present value (NPV) metrics. The results showed that the net profit obtained during the whole plant operation was about 7,890 mKRW (million Korean Won) on NPV metrics and annual $CO_2$ reduction was estimated as about $2,000tCO_2$. Also it was found that the energy consumption of brine electrolysis is one of the key factors which affect the plant operation cost (ex. electricity consumption) and the net profit of the plant. Based on these results, it could be deduced that NCCU technology of this study could be one of the cost-effective $CO_2$ utilization technology options.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2019

This study was aimed to derive measures for maximizing ripple effect of construction of overseas industrial complexes on domestic economy. The induced coefficients were estimated for each step of development of industrial complexes by applying the raw data of ICAK and the input-output mode. As a result, for urban service, the fraction of labor costs was high, and for civil engineering, the fraction of profit & loss was high. However, the proportion of intermediate and profit & loss was high in Architecture. Consequently, compare to the same type of overseas constructions, larger effects were seen at urban service in terms of employment, at civil engineering and architecture in terms of business, and at national economy in terms of architecture. These results suggest that in order to maximize ripple effect of construction of overseas industrial complex on domestic economy, it will be needed to seek an order strategy including not only simply sell a land and but also building factories in the industrial complex.