• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2002

The Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were stressed with different concentrations of benzo(a) pyrene and depurated to determine the hemocyte lysosomal membrane stability and hydrolytic enzymatic activity as a biomarker candidate to the chemical, using NRR (neutral red retention) and API ZYM System, respectively. The membrane damage measured as NRR decrease was significant with the increase of chemical concentration and exposure time (P<0.05), providing a possible tool for biomarker. Interestingly, the control showed intrinsic stress probably due to captive life in the laboratory, and a recovering trend was also found during the depuration. The benzo(a)pyrene-exposed oysters showed increased enzyme activities in alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phospho­hydrolase, $\beta$-galactosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl- $\beta$-glucosaminidase. Of them, only two enzymes, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, showed some potential available for the generation of enzymatic biomarker in the oyster. The results are suggestive of the potential availability of the cellular and enzymatic properties as a biomarker. However, considering that a robust biomarker should be insensitive to natural stress coming from normal physiological variation, but sensitive to pollutants, a concept of intrinsic stress the animal possesses should be taken into consideration. This reflects the necessity of further research on the intrinsic stress affecting the cellular and enzymatic properties of the chemical­stressed oysters prior to using the data as a biomarker.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Background: This study investigated the effects of acupuncture at Sobu (HT8) and Haenggan (LR2) on scopolamine-induced, cognitively impaired rats. Methods: Scopolamine-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups; normal, control, HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2 and sham group. Cognitive impairment was induced by scopolamine, in control, and then in HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2 and sham groups. Acupuncture treatment was performed at HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2, and a random acupoint, respectively, every other day for 2 weeks. After each treatment, behavior change was observed and the rats were sacrificed. The change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Latency time to target in Morris Water-Maze test for the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant decrease compared with control (p<0.05). Target crossing times and time zone ratios in Morris Water-Maze test for HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.01). In the Y-Maze test the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.05). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, in the HT8 + LR2 group, showed a significantly increased level compared with control (p<0.05). Neural activity of acetylcholine esterase in HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant decrease compared with the control group (p<0.01), choline acetyltransferase activity in the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture at HT8 + LR2 restored scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, suggesting acupuncture could be an alternative to improve cognitive function.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1621-1628
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• 2012

The agar-degrading bacterium GNUM-1 was isolated from the brown algal species Sargassum serratifolium, which was obtained from the West Sea of Korea, by using the selective artificial seawater agar plate. The cells were Gram-negative, $0.5-0.6{\mu}m$ wide and $2.0-2.5{\mu}m$ long curved rods with a single polar flagellum, forming nonpigmented, circular, smooth colonies. Cells grew at $20^{\circ}C-37^{\circ}C$, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and at 1-10% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of the GNUM-1 strain was 45.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA sequence of the GNUM-1 was very similar to those of Alteromonas stellipolaris LMG 21861 (99.86% sequence homology) and Alteromonas addita $R10SW13^T$(99.64% sequence homology), which led us to assign it to the genus Alteromonas. It showed positive activities for agarase, amylase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, catalase, and urease. It can utilize citrate, malic acid, and trisodium citrate. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (21.5%, comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}$ 2-OH) and C16:0 (15.04%). On the basis of the variations in many biochemical characteristics, GNUM-1 was considered as unique and thus was named Alteromonas sp. GNUM-1. It produced the highest agarase activity in modified ASW medium containing 0.4% sucrose, but lower activity in rich media despite superior growth, implying that agarase production is tightly regulated and repressed in a rich nutrient condition. The 30 kDa protein with agarase activity was identified by zymography, and this report serves as the very first account of such a protein in the genus Alteromonas.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1995

1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 is a novel vitamine D3 analog which has a double bond between C-23 and C-24. We describe the effects of this analog on cell differentiation and cell proliferation in vitro using the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937, and on calcium metabolism in rats in vivo. In the present investigation 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 was compared to the natural metabolite of vitamin D3, 1$\alpha$, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol[1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 was more potent than 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 for inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation of U937 cells. Especially, its effect on induction of differentiation, as measured by superoxide production and nonspecific esterase(NSE) activity, was about 20-fold more potent that 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3. This analog morphologically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to monocyte-macrophage phenotype showing a decrease of N/C ratio in Giemsa staining and the increase of adherence ability to surface. Intraperitoneal administration of 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 to rats showed that the compound had at least 50 times less activity than 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 in causing hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. The strong direct effects of 1, 25(OH)2-23ene-D3 on cell proliferation and cell differentiation, coupled with its decreased activity of calcium metabolism make this compound an interesting candidate for clinical studies including patients with leukemia, as well as several skin disorders, such as psoriasis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2008

The tissue extract (TTE) of a marine snail Telescopium telescopium, collected from the coastal regions of West Bengal, India, was extensively screened for pharmacological and biochemical properties. Telescopium telescopium (TTE) produced significant lysis of washed rat erythrocytes (both direct and indirect), produced haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and also released haemoglobin (in vitro tissue damage) from different tissue samples. TTE was found to produce pro-inflammatory effects when injected into the rat hind paw and also increased peritoneal vascular permeability. Furthermore, intravenous administration of TTE produced a decrease in blood pressure (hypotensive effect) in anaesthetized rats. The extract produced potent esterase activity, as was evident from the breakdown of FDA with subsequent release of fluorescein (in vitro). TTE also demonstrated prominent cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase and protease activities.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 1983

본 연구는 세포간극물질을 추출코자 실시하였다. 2. Vacuum flask에 물을 넣은 후 볏잎을 물에 잠기게 하고, 280mb로 기압을 줄여 벼조직의 세포간극내의 공기를 뺀 후 Vacuum을 끊고 증류수로 세포간극을 채운다. 볏잎에 묻은 증류수를 제거하고 본 연구에서 사용한 leaf holder에 끼워 3,000rpm으로 5분간 원심분리하면 세포간극물질만 채취할 수 있다. 3. 세포내물질과 세포간극물질의 성분분석 및 Peroxidase와 Easterase의 isozyme pattern을 비교한 결과 내용성분의 함량이 서로 다르고 효소의 활성과 isozyme pattern이 다르게 나타나 세포간극물질 추출액 속에는 세포내물질이 혼입되어 있지 않음을 증명하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.367-374
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• 1992

이스라엘 잉어와 참잉어에 대한 농약의 독성 및 glycogen의 함량변화, 호소활성을 조사하고 농약 상호간의 협력작용의 여부를 조사하였다. $LC_{50}$치의 측정결과는 공시약제 중 endosulfan이 0.0079 ppm으로 가장 독성이 강했고 metalaxyl이 40 ppm 이상으로 가장 낮았다. 농약 상간의 협력작용은 IBP+isoprothiolane과 cartap+isoprothiolane 처리구에서 나타났으며 그 ratio(SR)는 각각 1.85, 1.53이었다. 효소활성의 경우 carboxylesterase와 glutathione S-transferase 모두 증가되었다. Esterase의 활성은 IBP 처리구에서 가장 높았고 isoprothiolane 처리구에서 제일 낮았으며, glutathione의 CDNB conjugation은 isoprothiolane 처리구에서 가장 높았고 isoprothiolane+cartap 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. LDH의 경우 isoprothiolane 처리구에서 활성이 가장 높았고 isoprothiolane+cartap 처리구에서는 가장 낮았다. Glycogen의 함량은 공시약제의 처리구 모두에서 감소를 보였으며 IBP 처리구에서 감소정도가 가장 높았다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2021

Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens) is an important herb used for many purposes such as medicinal, aromatic, and functional food in Asian countries and has beneficial effects such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation activity, anti-depression activity, and anxiolytic activity. However, there have been no studies on the protective effect of P. frutescens extract (PFE) on amnesia in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate whether PFE protects memory deficit using a scopolamine-induced mice model and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. The protective effect of PFE against scopolamine-induced memory deficits was investigated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of PFE in improving memory capabilities related to the cholinergic system and antioxidant activity were examined. PFE significantly increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and swimming time in the target quadrant in the probe test when compared to the scopolamine-treated group. Likewise, PFE significantly decreased escapes latency in the Morris water maze test. PFE could not regulate cholinergic function in acetylcholine level and acetylcholine esterase activity. However, PFE increased DPPH radical scavenging activity dose-dependently and total polyphenol content was 127.7±1.2 ㎍ GAE/mg. The results showed that the PFE could be a preventive and/or therapeutic candidate for memory and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1999

칼슘을 첨가한 메틸셀룰로오스(CaMC)와 하이드록시프로필 메틸셀룰로오스(CaHPMC-15)의 식용코팅을 미숙자두에 처리하여 자두의 연화 현상을 알아보았다. 비코팅 자두는 저장 기간 동안 중량 및 호흡률 감소 현상을 나타내었고, 적정산도는 감소하였으며, pH는 증가하였다. 그러나 CaMC와 CaHPMC-15를 코팅하였을 때 초기의 중량감소와 호흡률감소 효과를 나타내었다. 일반적으로 연화의 지표로 사용되는 수용성 펙틴 함량과 polygalacturonase(PG)의 활성은 저장 중 증가하였으며, pectin esterase(PE)의 존재 또한 확인되나 CaMC와 CaHPMC-15식용코팅에 의하여 연화현상을 억제하였다. 저장 기간 경과에 따라 기계적 경도가 감소되었으나 식용코팅에 의하여 자두의 경도 유지 효과가 있었으며, 관능검사 결과 저장 기간 중 자두 조직의 연화가 감지되었고 코팅자두의 경우 비코팅자두보다 더 단단한 것으로 평가되었다. 결과적으로 미숙자두에 CaMC와 CaHPMC-15를 코팅함으로서 수확 후 연화현상을 억제할 수 있었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.125-144
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the fraction of Korean mountain ginseng folium (FKG) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. Methods: The memory ameliorating effect of FKG was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine(1mg/kg, i.p.). Results: FKG (2 or 4mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice by the passive avoidance test and the Y-maze test(P<0.05), and also improved escape latency in the Morris water maze test at 2 or 4mg/kg(P<0.05). Although FKG has little inhibitory activity for AChE (IC50 value; 1847 ${\mu}g/ml$) in an invitro study, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(pERK) was increased by the administration of FKG inhippocampus on immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: These results suggest that FKG may be a useful cognitive impairment treatment, and its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, via activation of ERK pathway.