• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.237-254
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• 2021

Background: Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and manage alien species that pose a risk to the environment. Moreover, 2160 alien species have been introduced in South Korea, of which 1826 animals and 334 plants are designated. The inflow of IAS can have negative effects such as ecosystem disturbance, habitat destruction, economic damage, and health damage to humans. To prevent damage caused by the inflow of IAS in advance, species that could potentially pose a risk to the environment if introduced in South Korea were designated as alert alien species (AAS). Results: The designation criteria were in accordance with the "Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity" and the "Regulations on the Ecological Risk Assessment of AAS and IAS" by the National Institute of Ecology. The analysis result of risk and damage cases indicated that mammals affect predation, competition, human economic activity, virus infection, and parasite infection. Birds have been demonstrated to affect predation, competition, human economic activity, and health. It was indicated that plants intrude on the ecosystem by competing with native species with their high-population density and capacity to multiply and cause allergic inducement. Interestingly, 300 species, including 25 mammals, 7 birds, 84 fishes, 28 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 1 insect, 32 spiders, 1 mollusk, 1 arthropod, and 99 plants, are included in the list of AAS. Conclusions: AAS designation plays a role in preventing the reduction of biodiversity by IAS in South Korea and preserving native species. Moreover, it is determined to provide considerable economic benefits by preventing socio-economic losses and ecological damage.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Although pilot projects have been actively carried out from 2017 to present to institutionalize CM at Risk, one of the major tasks for innovation in the construction industry, standards and processes related to Design VE, a key tool for determining GMP in the pre-construction phase, have not yet been established. Therefore, through research and operation status related to CM at Risk and Design VE, and survey on project participants' perception, the problem of the existing design VE process was derived, and the design VE process suitable for the CM at Risk project was proposed. The application plan was proposed in three aspects: Schedule, Cycle, and Process, and the appropriateness and applicability were verified through FGI. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data on the establishment and legislation of order standards to be made in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2023

Under the "Act on Safety Control of Small Public Facilities (enacted in 2015)", each local government selects and conducts annual safety inspections for small public facilities. Among small public facilities, small bridges pose high risks and are heavily utilized by local residents, making them challenging to manage due to their large numbers and limited resources. Therefore, there is a need for a rational selection method that considers the management capacity of local governments, as well as the establishment of objective risk evaluation and maintenance planning for small hazardous facilities. In this study, we propose a selection method based on structural and functional classification of small bridges, considering the management capacity of local governments. Additionally, we present quantitative evaluation indicators for ten risk evaluation criteria, aiming to facilitate objective risk evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.660-668
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted an assessment of the risks posed by the noxious chemicals often handled at the analysis centers of organizations involved in Work Environment Measurement (WEM) using the Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM) system. For this purpose, six organizations involved in WEM located in Seoul and Gyeonggi, which conducted the risk assessment, were selected and, as a result, 29 materials were selected as chemical substances presenting a risk of exposure. In terms of their physical properties, there were 16 liquid and 10 solid materials, and for the special management materials (CMR), the findings were as follows: 'Carcinogenic' 1A - 11 and 1B - 1 (2 - 8); 'Mutagenic' 1A - 4 and 1B - 3 (2 - 8); and 'Repro-toxic' 1A - 0 and 1B - 1 (2 - 6). In the risk estimation, 30.4%, 66.1% and 3.6% of the materials presented 'low', 'average' and 'high' risks, respectively. In addition, two of these six institutions had materials presenting a 'high' risk. This study is significant in that the risk assessment was conducted using CHARM, a chemical substance assessment tool. It is expected that the results will be utilized as the basic data for safety assessment, the establishment of a plan for emergency measures and drawing up a safety management manual, and the institutional and legal management of accidents and risks in the analysis centers of organizations involved in WEM and the management of chemicals by drawing attention to the risks involved.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.537-544
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• 2018

A national comprehensive aviation test center is being constructed for the purpose of flight tests for development and modification of aircraft or flight inspections for the development of navaids. Flight testing is a high-risk task, so strict risk management processes are required prior to operation. In addition, since the flight test center is subject to the airdrome regulations under the current law, the introduction of the safety management system will enhance safety as usual in ordinary airports. The establishment of a safety management system based on ICAO criteria is an optimal means of ensuring safe and effective operation of the test center and may mitigate the risks that may arise during flight testing. This paper focuses on risk assessment and mitigation required for safety management at the flight test center. We conducted risk assessments on the flight hazards identified in the previous study. Then the high risk group of hazards were selected and risk mitigation techniques such as avoidance, reduction, acceptance, and control were applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2001

Numerous regulations have been introduced and a various kinds of institutional intervention have been made by government against the occupational safety and health problems. However, it was serious issue to the workers that what can be claimed by those who meet with apparently harmful and risky working conditions in their social systems. In the view point of employees, their right to be free from unacceptable risk and hazards has not been clearly defined. Therefore, workers have very limited rights to take any actions unless employer or government do their actions. It is believed that this undesirable conditions resulted from Jack of legal definition of workers' right to work in the safe and healthy environment. It has been found increased social pressure to make intervention to the industry to protect workers' health. Also, increased pressure has been kept for deregulation. This conflict lay the current situation in dilemma. The concept of the working environmental right has been developed and discussed in this study to overcome this trade-off confliction. It should be clearly separated between legal aspects and administrative and Policy area to make the regulations effective. Strong enforcement to the industry based on the law should be minimum, however, it should be practically effective in the aspect of workers' right. Administration and policy should be focused on supportive and leading activities to achieve the ultimate goal, safe and healthy working environment. It is concluded that establishment of working environmental right would satisfy workers and industry and it would result in improvement workers' environment and conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.385-390
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• 2005

This paper provided a counter measures against the troubles and accidents that are likely to take place in the power plant using hydrogen gas as a coolant for the cooling system of the generator. Because of the extremely wide flammability limits of hydrogen in comparison to the other flammable gases, the safety measures against the hydrogen accidents is very important to ensure the normal operation of electric-power facility. This study's purpose was a presentation of standard model of safety management of hydrogen equipments in the coal firing power plant such as following items: 1) providing the technical prevention manual of the hydrogen explosions and hydrogen fires occurring in the cooling system of power generator; 2) the selection of explosion-proof equipments in terms of the risk level of operating environment; 3) the establishment of regulations and counter measures, such as the incorporation of gas leakage alarm device, for preventing the accidents from arising; 4) the establishment of safety management system to ensure the normal operation of the power plant.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.25-43
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• 2002

This study focuses on the factors that make the financing decision of private hospitals in Korea. Data used in this study were collected from 98 hospitals with complete general data of current status as well as financial statements. They were chosen from the 138 hospitals that passed the accreditation process by the Korean Hospital Association from 1996 to 2000 for the purpose of accrediting training hospitals. The dependent variables in this study consist of total liabilities to total assets, borrowings to total assets. The independent variables are ownership, hospital type, teaching status, location, bed size, period of establishment, asset structure, profitability, growth, tax shields, volatility of profit, competition(market concentration), and other factors. The major findings of this study are as follows. The factors found to have significant effect on liabilities to total assets are teaching status(-), asset structure(-), profitability(-), tax shields(+), and business risk(-). University hospitals have less liabilities than the non-university hospitals. It was also confirmed that high profitability, high fixed asset, high volatility of profit and low tax shields results in decrease in liabilities. The factors that significantly affect on borrowings to total assets are teaching status(-), period of establishment(-), volatility of profit(-) and competition(+).

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.153-195
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• 2005

There has been 10 years since The Health Promotion Act was legislated. The government began to establish a health promotion fund on the basis of Health Promotion Act in 1995, and to manage and operate the fund from 1998. It is evaluated that health promotion program have had various outcomes in many aspects. First, there has been growing awareness of the impotance of health promotion through the establishment of Health Plan 2010 and the effort to actualize the Plan. Second, the importance of securing health equity and identifying health determinants have been recognized during the planning process of Health Plan 2010. Third, the health promotion program have mainly focused on improving healthy life style of the population. As a result, desirable health behavior change of the population could be expected from the result of 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Fourth, public health centers began to play a crucial role in implementing health promotion programs, and began to build infrastructure for health promotion programs. Fifth, the outcomes of health promotion programs by public health centers and private health organizations have been increasing. Finally, training for health promotion personnel and their participation in the program could be the foundation for the higher level of outcome achievement from the health promotion programs. Important challenges for future health promotion would be identification of the determinants and risk factors of health in Korea, establishment of local health promotion plan, building infrastructure for health promotion, creation of specific action model by public health center, development of diverse health promotion programs and health promotion program for the elderly, conducting research for evidence concerning major factors reducing the need for health care through prevention disease activities, and establishment of evaluation and feed back system for health promotion programs.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2013

The legal basis for the systematic prevention and response to landslide hazards, and the rehabilitation of landslide-hit areas, was established through the amendment of the Forest Protection Act in August 2012. The most noticeable amendment to the Act is the inclusion of clauses associated with the designation and management of landslide-prone zones (including debris flow-prone zones). In this paper, we (1) introduce the clauses related to the designation and management of landslide-prone zones that were included in the amended Forest Protection Act, (2) examine their significance by reviewing the present status of related domestic laws and structural countermeasures such as sediment check dams for sediment-related disaster prevention, and (3) suggest the future directions of the procedure for the designation and cancellation of such zones, and their maintenance and institutional aspects. The establishment of an institutional device for the designation and management of landslide-prone zones has great significance in the aspect of (1) the establishment of a comprehensive management and prevention system for potential landslide-prone zones in forested areas where the hazard risk has been poorly recognized as compared with the flood risks in lowlands, and (2) the establishment of the basis for overcoming the limits of structural countermeasures according to limited budgets. To develop the designation and management system for landslide-prone zones, not only must present problems be addressed, but a cooperation system between the administration and local residents must also be established.