• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2007

Summary of background data: It is researched until now and the researches against the effect of position cold treatment the effect which pain threshold, change of skin temperature, researches the effective stiffness, the coldness in the patient it applied and relax an inflammation do the researches against were insufficient. Purpose: This project was to see how much it gives effect by using the cold air therapy an inflammation relief of rheumatoid arthritis patient. Methods: The medical subjects were 10 people from standard to diagnosis category of American College of Rheumatology(ACR) who had rheumatoid arthritis and to inspect informations about inflammation relief, have inspected ESR(erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and WBC(white blood cells). The experiment method was to let the patient bend the joint and lay down flat and treat with cold air from 10 cm away from joint line repeating 5 minutes treatment 1 minute rest and 3 minutes treatment. ESR and WBC cold air therapy reported with 5 days gap and each patient has been applied for 3 times. Result: The 5th day and 10th days ESR and WBC value shows when using cold air therapy, there was a reduction on rejected group but didn't last long, but 15th day it showed only on WBC it had its attention. Conclusions: So the cold air therapy shows it has positive effects on inflammation relief of rheumatoid arthritis patient.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2006

To find out the effectiveness of clinical examination for the diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis, a 78 respiratory tuberculosis patient,s group was matched by sex and age with 78 control healthy subjects. In the result of blood chemistry, mean values of $123.5{\pm}62.04mg/dL$ in glucose, $429.01{\pm}150.77IU/L$ in LDH, and $44.51{\pm}43.76IU/L$ in ${\gamma}$-GTP, were higher than that of the controls (healthy subjects), and $3.51{\pm}0.68mg/dL$ in albumin was lower than that of the controls. In the result of the haematology examination, mean values of $12.52{\pm}3.27g/dL$ in hemoglobin, $36.72{\pm}7.28%$ in hematocrit, and $24.61{\pm}12.36%$ in lymphocyte, were lower than that of the controls, $9.23{\pm}5.25%$ in monocyte $78.30{\pm}37.35mm/hr$ in ESR, and $48.45{\pm}35.15U/L$ in ADA were higher than that of the controls. For the comparisons of the tuberculosis patients values from normal reference values, 22.2% in glucose, 22.4% in LDH, 25.0% in ${\gamma}$-GTP, 35.4% in albumin, 88% in ESR, and 88.6% in ADA, showed abnormal values. We concluded that the values of glucose, ${\gamma}$-GTP, albumin, WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte, monocyte, ADA, and the ESR were useful in tuberculosis diagnosis.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.319-329
• /
• 1999

Onset of female puberty follows a series of prepubertal cellular and molecular events including changes of synaptic plasticity, synthetic and releasing activity and gene expression. Dramatic increase of gonadal steroid level is one of the most prominent changes before the onset of puberty. Based on the importance of steroid feedback upon the hypothalamus, we adopted an estrogen sterilized rat (ESR) model where 100 ng of 17$\eta$-estradiol were administered into neonatal pubs for 7 days after birth. To identify genes involved in the onset of female puberty, we applied PCR differential display using RNA samples derived from ESR and control rat hypothalami. About 100 out of more than 1000 RNA species examined displayed differential expression patterns between a 60-day old control rat and ESR. Sequence analysis of differentially amplified PCR products showed homology with genes such as mouse kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3) and several cDNAs previously described by others in mouse and human tissues. Several gene products such as 2-1 and 8-1 corresponded to novel DNA sequences. We analyzed mRNA levels of KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 genes in the hypothalami derived from neonatal, 6-, 28-, 31-, and 40-day old rats. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNAs of KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 genes were markedly increased before the initiation of puberty. Neonatal treatment of estrogen clearly inhibited prepubertal increases in KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 mRNA levels. Therefore, these genes may play important roles in the initiation of hypothalamic puberty. In addition, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of antisense KAP3 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) clearly delayed puberty initiation determined by vaginal opening, which further confirmed that KAP3 plays an important role in the regulation of puberty initiation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.482-491
• /
• 2018

The practical design methodology of a three-phase dual active bridge (3ph-DAB) converter applied to low voltage direct current (LVDC) applications is proposed by using a mathematical model based on the steady-state operation. An analysis of the small-signal model (SSM) is important for the design of a proper controller to improve the stability and dynamics of the converter. The proposed lead-lag controller for the 3ph-DAB converter is designed with a simplified SSM analysis including an equivalent series resistor (ESR) for the output capacitor. The proposed controller can compensate the effects of the ESR zero of the output capacitor in the control-to-output voltage transfer function that can cause high-frequency noises. In addition, the performance of the power converter can be improved by using a controller designed by a SSM analysis without additional cost. The accuracy of the simplified SSM including the ESR zero of the output capacitor is verified by simulation software (PSIM). The design methodology of the 3ph-DAB converter and the performance of the proposed controller are verified by experimental results obtained with a 5-kW prototype 3ph-DAB converter.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.270-275
• /
• 1977

A rate constant is deduced for the reaction of tert-butoxy radicals and trimethylsilane from the measurement of the phase shift between the modulated light source and the ESR signal of trimethylsilyl radical. The rate constant was found to $3{\times}10^{-2}M^{-1}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$ at $-50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.55-75
• /
• 2010

An ion-exchanged reaction of $MnCl_2$ with Al-incorporated solid core/mesoporous shell silica (AlSCMS) followed by calcinations generated manganese species, where average oxidation state of manganese ion is 3+, in the mesoporous materials. Dehydration results in the formation of $Mn^{2+}$ ion species, which can be characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR). The chemical environments of the manganese centers in Mn-AlSCMS were investigated by diffuse reflectance, UV-VIS and ESR spectroscopic methods. Upon drying at 323 K, part of manganese is oxidized to higher oxidation state ($Mn^{3+}$ and $Mn^{4+}$) and further increase in (average) oxidation state takes place upon calcinations at 823 K. It was found that the manganese species on the wall of the Mn-AlSCMS were transformed to tetrahedral $Mn^{3+}$ or $Mn^{4+}$ and further changed to square pyramid by additional coordination to water molecules upon hydration. The oxidized $Mn^{3+}$ or $Mn^{4+}$ species on the surfaces were reversibly reduced to $Mn^{2+}$ or $Mn^{3+}$ species or lower valances by thermal process. Mn(II) species I with a well resolved sextet was observed in calcined, hydrated Mn-AlSCMS, while Mn (II) species II with g = 5.1 and 3.2 observed in dehydrated Mn-AlSCMS. Both species I and II are considered to be non-framework Mn(II).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2018

Aerosol Optical Properties (AOPs) are retrieved using the geostationary satellite instruments such as Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), Meteorological Imager (MI), and Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) through Yonsei AErosol Retrieval algorithm (YAER). In this study, the retrieved aerosol optical depths (AOD)s from each instrument were intercompared and validated with the ground-based sunphotometer AErosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) data. As a result, the four AOD products derived from different instruments showed consistent results over land and ocean. However, AODs from MI and GOCI tend to be overestimated due to cloud contamination. According to the comparison results with AERONET, the percentage within expected errors (EE) are 36.3, 48.4, 56.6, and 68.2% for MI, GOCI, AHI-minimum reflectivity method (MRM), and AHI-estimated surface reflectance from shortwave Infrared (ESR) product, respectively. Since MI AOD is retrieved from a single visible channel, and adopts only one aerosol type by season, EE is relatively lower than other products. On the other hand, the AHI ESR is more accurate than the minimum reflectance method as used by GOCI, MI, and AHI MRM method in May and June when the vegetation is relatively abundant. These results are explained by the RMSE and the EE for each AERONET site. The ESR method result show to be better than the other satellite product in terms of EE for 15 out of 22 sites used for validation, and they are better than the other product for 13 sites in terms of RMSE. In addition, the error in observation time in each product is found by using characteristics of geostationary satellites. The absolute median biases at 00 to 06 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) are 0.05, 0.09, 0.18, 0.18, 0.14, 0.09, and 0.10. The absolute median bias by observation time has appeared in MI and the only 00 UTC appeared in GOCI.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the effects on anti-oxidative activities and increasing extraction yield of Aralia elata Cortex by gamma irradiation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis as physical techniques for irradiation identification of Aralia elata showed that a pair of peak appeared on a space of 6.0 mT at the left and right of symmetric unspecific central ESR spectrums, confirming that the plant was gamma-irradiated. The optimum extracting conditions for preparing gamma irradiated samples from Aralia elata Cortex were to extract with 50% ethanol for 15 hrs after 10 kGy irradiation. DPPH scavenging activity and ABTS radical cation inhibitory activity of the water and 50% ethanol extracts from non irradiated and irradiated Aralia elata Cortex was very high as over 80% and 98%, respectively, at tested low concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) as anti-oxidation indicator of lipophilic compounds showed a very high level of activity as 2.18~2.78 PF. As for TBARs, water and ethanol extracts showed high level. Increase of TBARs inhibitory activity of water extracts was not shown by gamma-ray irradiation but ethanol extracts showed slight increasement of TBARs inhibitory activity with 10 kGy gamma-ray irradiation. These results shown confirmed increasement of extraction yield for phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative activity from Aralia elata. Thus, the treatment of gamma-irradiation can be used a way to amplify a solubility for biological active compounds and anti-oxidative activity in plants.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2004

Recently automatic equipment has been well popularized for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a widely used test, but no standard quality control has been established yet. Thus, we are going to report a case that established and applied a quality control method using the TEST 1 automatic analyzer. For internal quality control, we adopted the repeatability test through comparison with daily mean check, with a manual method using patients' specimens and with the results of a test on the previous day. In order to set the tolerance standard for each quality control method, we compared the results of 50 specimens that showed a wide range of ESR results and examined correlation and differences according to result. After setting the tolerance standard, we applied the standard at tertiary university hospitals for 120 days and investigated positive rates and re-examination rates. If the tolerance standard was exceeded, the cause was also identified. We selected a specimen of below 25 mm/hr (T1), one between 26-50 mm/hr (T2) and one of over 51 mm/hr (T3) at random. The correlation between the manual method and the automatic method was quite high (r=0.98), and it is found appropriate to set based on differences in result values below 25 mm/hr, the upper limit of the reference value, and based on differences in the percentage of result values above 25 mm/hr. Accordingly, we set the criteria for rejection above 10 mm/hr and above 20%. When the criteria were applied in the laboratory, 1.7% of specimens in the range of T1, 8.3% of those in the range of T2 and 7.5% of those in the range of T3 were rejected. Because all the rejected ones fell within the tolerance limit in re-examination calibration verification was not carried out. With the wide popularization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers that can carry out a lot of tests quickly using automatic methods, it is necessary to improve the reliability of test results by establishing internal quality control policies. We expect that an agreed standard quality control method may be established based on the method proposed in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2017

This research aimed to identify the correlation between the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the cardiovascular risk factors and emerging as an issue in the society, and the serum uric acid level. The research was conducted on a total of 1,444 patients who took a medical examination at a health examination center. The research subjects were composed of 977 men and 467 women. By conducting physical measurement and the blood test on the subjects, the research identified the correlation between the serum uric acid level and the metabolic syndrome and compared the number of the risk factors by dividing the class of the serum uric acid. The average level of serum uric acid was identified higher in men at $6.30{\pm}1.39mg/dL$ than $4.43{\pm}0.89mg/dL$ in women. Men had a correlation between age, waist size, systolic blood pressure, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol, WBC count and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05), while women had a correlation between waist size, diastolic blood pressure level, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05). The number of the risk factors depending on the serum uric acid level increased as the serum uric acid level rose. The overall prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome was higher in men at 17.4% than 10.2% in women. This showed that there is a statistically relevant relevance between the metabolic syndrome and the serum uric acid level, and the number of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome will go up with an increase in the serum uric acid level.