• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.488-498
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influence of trauma experiences and social adjustment on health-related quality of life in North Korean defectors. Methods: The subjects were 117 North Korean defectors living in B and Y city. The data were collected from September 1 to September 20, 2014, and analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Significant differences were found in the health-related quality of life with respect to the subjects' education, marriage status, types of dwelling, family types, duration of residence in South Korea, jobs in South Korea and in North Korea, families left in North Korea or other surrounding countries, and subjective health status. Health-related quality of life is negatively related to trauma experiences during escape from North Korea and during their life in South Korea. Health-related quality of life positively is related to social adjustment. The meaningful variables which influenced the subjects'health-related quality include social adjustment, job in South Korea, job in North Korea, current family structure, and trauma experiences in South Korea. Total explanatory power of these factors for health-related quality in North Korean Defectors is 43.0% and social adjustment is the most influential factor. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to enhance health-related quality of life in North Korean defectors, it is necessary for them to increase social adjustment and decrease trauma experiences. In addition, methods are needed to provide job opportunities, better education and family services for North Korean defectors.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. Among adolescents, high-dose of caffeine consumption has increased rapidly over the last few decades due to the introduction of energy drinks. However, little is known about the time-dependent effect of high doses of caffeine consumption in adolescents. The present study aims to examine the short- and long-term influence of high-dose caffeine on behavior of adolescence. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups: a "vehicle" group, which was injected with 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days; a "Day 1" group, which was injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg), 2 h before the behavioral tests; and a "Day 14" group, which was infused with caffeine for 14 days. An open-field test, a Y-maze test, and a passive avoidance test were conducted to assess the rats'activity levels, anxiety, and cognitive function. Results: High-dose caffeine had similar effects in short-and long-term treatment groups. It increased the level of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, as evidenced by the increase in the number of movements and incidences of rearing and grooming in the caffeine-treated groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the Y-maze test. However, in the passive avoidance test, the escape latency in the caffeine-treated group was decreased significantly, indicating impaired memory acquisition. Conclusion: These results indicate that high-dose caffeine in adolescents may increase locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior and impair learning and memory, irrespective of the duration of administration. The findings will be valuable for both evidence-based education and clinical practice.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Objectives : In the present study, we assessed the effects of water extract of Ulmus davidiana(UED) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in mice through its favorable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant effect. Methods : The memory and cognitive enhancing effect of the UDE was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. In addition, to examine the mechanism of UDE using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant activity. Results : The water extract of UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (P < 0.05). Moreover, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P < 0.05). On the Y-maze test, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice (P < 0.05). In an in vitro study, UDE was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, changes in neurotrophic factor (CREB), and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : The water extract of UDE dramatically possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models. These results suggest that the administration of UDE enhances learning and memory, and that this effect is partially mediated by ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling and the survival of immature neurons.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2024

To compare and analyze the improvement effects of white ginseng extract, red ginseng extract, and black ginseng extract on cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment caused by scopolamine in rats. In the cognitive behavioral test, the tendency of the SCOP+B group to overcome the escape time delay induced by scopolamine administration was observed, unlike the SCOP group. The frequency on plat form was significantly increased in the group treated with ginseng extracts compared to the SCOP group. As a result of measuring the duration time on goal quadrant, the time spent in the quadrant was significantly increased in the SCOP+B group compared to the SCOP group. In the hippocampus, the SCOP-treated group significantly decreased the activity of AChE compared to the normal group, but the ginseng extract-treated groups significantly increased it compared to the SCOP group. After sacrificing the rats after the behavioral test, the expression of PSD95 protein in the excised brain was significantly decreased in the SCOP group compared to normal, but it was observed that the SCOP+R and SCOP+B groups were significantly increased compared to the SCOP group. CREB1 protein expression was significantly increased in the SCOP+R group, and the expression of Cdk5 was significantly increased in the SCOP+B group. Ginseng extracts significantly restored the memory damaged by scopolamine suggesting that red ginseng increased the expression of CREB1 and PSD95 proteins, and black ginseng increased the protein expression of Cdk5 and PSD95 to induce memory recovery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2009

목 적 : HIE의 치료법으로 줄기 세포가 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. mMSC가 성인 동물 모델에서의 뇌졸중 및 퇴행성 뇌질환에 유의한 기능 회복을 보인다는 보고가 많이 있으나 미성숙 동물 모델에서의 연구 보고는 거의 없는 상태이다. 이에 HIE가 유발된 미성숙뇌에 mMSC를 투여하여 기능 회복에 대한 효과를 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7일된 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 sham 대조군, 뇌 손상 대조군, 고용량 mMSC 이식군 및 저용량 mMSC 이식군으로 나누었으며 저산소 허혈 뇌 손상 유도 2주 후에 mMSC를 병변부 국소 이식을 시행하였다. 세포 이식 2, 4, 6 및 8주째에 개방장 시험을 시행하여 운동 기능 회복 정도를 평가하였고, 이후 1주일 동안 Morris 수중 미로 시험을 3개 부문으로 시행하여 학습 및 기억력 회복 정도를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 개방장 시험 결과 네 군간에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(F=0.412, P=0.745). 공간 획득 검사에서 네 군간 평균 탈출 시간에 서로 차이가 있었고(F=380.319, P<0.01), 고용량 mMSC 이식군 및 sham 대조군은 뇌 손상 대조군에 비해 검사 2일째부터 5일째까지 각각 평균 탈출 시간이 감소하였으며(P<0.05), 시간이 갈수록 더 유의하게 차이를 보였다(F=16.034, P<0.01). 참조 기억 검사에서는 네 군간 차이는 없었으며 시각 검사에서는 다섯번째 시행 검사에서만 고용량 mMSC 이식군과 뇌 손상 대조군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 일부 검사에서만 고용량 mMSC 이식의 효과가 뚜렷하였고 그 외의 검사에는 통계적으로 유의한 결과는 보이지는 않았으나 산술적인 호전을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 최적의 효과를 보이는 줄기 세포의 농도와 이식 시기를 결정하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 보이며 HIE에서 mMSC가 대안적인 치료 수단으로 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.979-985
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• 1997

Edwards-Duromedics valve(Mcdel 3160 & 9120) 는 1982년 처음 상품화된 후 disc escape 현상이 발견되어 생산이 중지되었다가 1990년부터 새로이 개발된 Model 3160R & 9120R이 사용되고 있으며, 현재는 구조적인 변화없이 이름만 Enwuns-nUh Bileaflet valveuodel 3200 & 9200)로 바커어 사용되고 있다. 연세대학교 심장혈관 센터에서는 1991년 10월부터 1995년 5월까지 208명에게 New Duromedics 판막치환을 시술하여 이들을 연구대상으로 의무기록의 조사 및 추적조사를 통하여 판막과 관련된 합병증을 연구하였다 연령은 18세에서 70세 사이로 평균 48.2$\pm$11.6세 였으며, 남자가 95명, 여자가 113명이었다. New York Heart Association Functional Class는 수술전 Class II가 45명, III가 131명, IV가 32명이었으며, 추적조사 기간중에는 Class I이 153명, II가 46명, III가 2명이었다. 판막치환은 단일판막 치환이 160례(승모판막:123례, 대동맥판 막:35례, 삼첨판막:2례), 이중판막치환이 48례(승모판막 및 대동맥판막:47례, 승모판막 및 삼첨판막:1례)였다. 동반수술은 좌심방내의 혈전제거술이 22례, 삼첨판막 판막륜 성형술이 33례 및 기타 3례가 있었다 수술후 합병증은 25례(12.2%)에서 발생하였으며 이중 출혈로 인한 재수술이 9례, 창상감염 8례, 신기능 부전 3례,뇌 경색증 2례, 호흡부전 1례,급성 심내막염 1례, 심근경색증 1례였다. 수술사망은 3명에서 발생하여 1.4%의 사망률을 보였으며, 사망원인은 저심박출증 1례, 패혈증 1례, multiorgan failure 1례였다. 추적조사는 99%가 가능하였고, 추적기간은 2개월에서 46개월로서 평균 20.9$\pm$11.7개월이었다. 이 기간중에 5명의 만기사망이 있었 으나 판막과 관련된 사망은 1례였다. 만기사망 원인은 인공판막의 심내막염 1례, 심부전증 1례, 뇌좌상에 의한 뇌출혈 1례, Cushing's syndroms 1례 및 원인을 알 수 없는 예가 1례였다 전체 생존환자에 대한 40개월 생 존률은 95.5%였으며, 승모판막 치환시 95.5%, 대동맥판막 치환시 96.8%,삼첨판막 치환시 100% 및 이중판막 치환시 92.0%였다. 이 기간중 6명(2.9%),에서 만기 합병증이 발생하였는데 상부위장관 출혈 2례, 뇌경색증 2 례, 판막혈전 1례 및 인공판막 심내막염 1례였다. 심내막염 1례는 수술 21개월후에 발생하여 사망하였다. 40 개월 동안 중요 만기 합병증이 발생하지 않을 가능성은 89.9%였다. 대상환자중 판막의 구조적 장애나 심각한 용혈증을 보인 예는 없었으며, 판막과 관련된 재수술도 없었다. 저자들의 New Duromedics 인공판막치환의 경험으로 볼 때 이 판막의 초기제품에서 문제가 되었던 구조적 결함은 발견되지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, 수술성적이나 판막과 관련된 합병증도 다른 판막과 비교하여 우수하 거나 비슷한 것으로 나타났으며, 합병증 중에서 가장 많은 항응고제 사용과 관련된 수술후 합병증을 예방하기 위해서는 적절한 12m의 유지가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.