• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.553-561
• /
• 2010

This paper proposed the face tracking method which can be effectively applied to the robot's vision system. The proposed algorithm tracks the facial areas after detecting the area of video motion. Movement detection of video images is done by using median filter and erosion and dilation operation as a method for removing noise, after getting the different images using two continual frames. To extract the skin color from the moving area, the color information of sample images is used. The skin color region and the background area are separated by evaluating the similarity by generating membership functions by using MIN-MAX values as fuzzy data. For the face candidate region, the eyes are detected from C channel of color space CMY, and the mouth from Q channel of color space YIQ. The face region is tracked seeking the features of the eyes and the mouth detected from knowledge-base. Experiment includes 1,500 frames of the video images from 10 subjects, 150 frames per subject. The result shows 95.7% of detection rate (the motion areas of 1,435 frames are detected) and 97.6% of good face tracking result (1,401 faces are tracked).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2003

Saved labor cost, energy conservation, reduced soil erosion, and increase of emergence rate would be expected from no-tillage cultivation of corn. Few research has been reported on the no-tillage effects for waxy corn hybrid. Five waxy com hybrids were tested under conventional and no-tillage practices to investigate responses of early growth, plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Emergence rates under no-tillage were lower than under conventional tillage. Plant heights at early growth stages under no-tillage were higher than those under conventional tillage. Plant height under no-tillage was higher than that under conventional tillage. There were no differences between conventional tillage and no-tillage for ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight, fresh yield, and grain yield. This result indicates that no-tillage practice might be recommended for practical method for waxy com production. Days to tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, and number of kernels per row were correlated with fresh and grain yields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2020

Objectives: For testing asbestos stabilizer products which are used for the maintenance and management of asbestos-containing materials, durability assessment should accompany the evaluation of basic properties and performance. Therefore, in this study we designed a testing method and constructed a database of durability performance, thereby providing basic data for reliability studies of asbestos stabilizer. Methods: Since the ceiling materials targeted in this study are interior materials, test conditions of 95% relative humidity and 60℃ temperature were designed in consideration of the effect of high relative humidity in summer and seasonal indoor temperatures. Plate-shaped specimens treated with asbestos stabilizers were maintained in a thermo-hygrostat for 5, 10, and 20 days, and then the asbestos scattering prevention rate was measured by air erosion testing. Results: The scattering concentration tended to increase with time under the single humidity condition, and exceeded the indoor air quality standard of 0.01 f/cc, during the 20 days of maintenance. On the other hand, there was little change according to the temperature condition. In the case of a complex condition with temperature and humidity, the results were similar to the humidity test, but the scattering concentration increased more sharply at 20 days. Conclusions: The main deterioration factor that affects the durability of asbestos stabilizer is humidity, and the deterioration is caused by a mechanism in which the stabilizer coated on the surface is re-dissolved by moisture and evaporates or the coating layer is peeled off, which is accelerated by high temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2005

This study aimed to address problems and suggest solutions in applying seed mixture design criterior of slope revegetation works according to the "Slope revegetation design and guidelines(proposed)" proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. To do this, a proper thickness of attaching soil media was identified in April experiment where the thickness and slopes varied. The results were as follows. In the test, the coverage rate of plot where exotic grass was not sowed increased with time and was 79.3% after three months of seeding, which indicated less risk of soil erosion. When applying the provisional standards of the plant mix proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, tree seeds and native plants were found ill in the early stage in all test lands due to exotic grass. This was because exotic grass which grew well in the early stage, could grow densely, so it might hamper the growth of other plants. When slope revegetation were planted and goals were set for herb, shrub and tree dominant mixture types, it was required to shift focus toward nursing up native plants first rather than early plantation of exotic grass.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2002

Injectable gel composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), hyaluronate (HA) and water was formulated for local drug delivery. The lamellar liquid crystalline structure of the egg PC/water system did not change by adding HA in the formulation. However, egg PC/HA/water gel was more resistant to erosion than the egg PC/water gel. The egg PC/HA/water and egg PC/water gels containing model drugs, tetracycline and sudan IV were prepared to perform in vitro and in vivo drug release experiments. In vitro release of tetracycline was sustained in the gel type formulations. The release rate of hydrophobic sudan IV was extremely slow. More than 99% of sudan IV remained inside the gel after 5 days. In vivo release of drugs from the air pouch model in Balb/c mice shows that lipophilic sudan IV remained for more than 10 days whereas tetracycline remained for 1 day in the pouch. The compatibility of the gels was also examined by histopathology. The gels did not cause any adverse inflammatory effect in the air pouch.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2013

The objective of this research was to experimentally test the effect of tillage methods on the reduction of runoff, non-point source (NPS) pollution load, sediment and discharge under a rainfall simulation. We used the runoff plots of $5m{\times}30m$ ($L{\times}W$) in size. Experimental treatments were conventional tillage (CT), CT-rice straw bundle (CT-RSB) and two no-till (NT) plots; slope of 3 % or 8 % ; and rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr. The rainfall simulation was conducted to three times. The time to initial runoff from NT plots was less than that from CT plots regardless of the slope and it was delayed about 65~90 % compared to that of CT plot. And sediment discharge of 8 % slope reduced to 55 % compared to CT plot. But the sediment discharge was not occurred at 3 % slope. The NT and CT-RSB methods have a great possibility of reducing runoff and NPS pollution loads. Runoff rate of NT plots was significantly lower than those of CT plot. The average NPS pollution loads of the NT plots and CT-RSB plot reduced about 55~80 % and 2.1~40 % compared to those of the CT plots, respectively. It was also shown that runoff and NPS pollution loads reduction by NT method could be very significant and contribute to improve the water quality of streams in agricultural regions. It was concluded that the use of NT method on agricultural fields could reduce soil erosion and muddy runoff significantly and help improve the water quality and aquatic ecosystem.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a method for extracting facial characteristics of human being in an image. Given a pair of gray level sample images taken with and without human being, the face of human being is segmented from the image. Noise in the input images is removed with the help of Gaussian filters. Edge maps are found of the two input images. The binary edge differential image is obtained from the difference of the two input edge maps. A mask for face detection is made from the process of erosion followed by dilation on the resulting binary edge differential image. This mask is used to extract the human being from the two input image sequences. Features of face are extracted from the segmented image. An effective recognition system using the discrete wave let transform (DWT) is used for recognition. For extracting the facial features, such as eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth, edge detector is applied on the segmented face image. The area of eye and the center of face are found from horizontal and vertical components of the edge map of the segmented image. other facial features are obtained from edge information of the image. The characteristic vectors are extrated from DWT of the segmented face image. These characteristic vectors are normalized between +1 and -1, and are used as input vectors for the neural network. Simulation results show recognition rate of 100% on the learned system, and about 92% on the test images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.104-113
• /
• 2000

In this study, we propose facial image recognition based on wavelet transform and neural network. This algorithm is proposed by following processes. First, two gray level images is captured in constant illumination and, after removing input image noise using a gaussian filter, differential image is obtained between background and face input image, and this image has a process of erosion and dilation. Second, a mask is made from dilation image and background and facial image is divided by projecting the mask into face input image Then, characteristic area of square shape that consists of eyes, a nose, a mouth, eyebrows and cheeks is detected by searching the edge of divided face image. Finally, after characteristic vectors are extracted from performing discrete wavelet transform(DWT) of this characteristic area and is normalized, normalized vectors become neural network input vectors. And recognition processing is performed based on neural network learning. Simulation results show recognition rate of 100 % about learned image and 92% about unlearned image.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2014

Recently, more attention has been paid to the geomorphological changes in the Nakdong River Estuary, because those changes are caused by artificial activities including weirs, reclamation and construction. In order to analyze quantitatively the recent geomorphological variability in the Nakdong River Estuary, we surveyed the depth and elevation of submarine topography near Jinwoodo and Sinjado from March 2007 to February 2012. A statistical method (based on Digital Shoreline Analysis System) and an Empirical Orthogonal Functions method were used to evaluate the morphological changes. According to the statistical variables (DCE, NDC, EPR, LRR), the highest amount and rate of accumulation were recorded around the Gadeokdo whereas the greatest amount of erosion appeared around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado. In particular, a dynamic variation of morphology was clearly observed in the vicinity of the sub-tidal channel located between Jinwoodo and Sinjado, which seems to be attributable to channel migration. As a result of the EOF method, the first mode (48.7%) is most closely related to the pattern of morphological variability that might be associated with the westerly movement of sediment by longshore current. The spatial variability of the second mode (16.6%) was high in the shoreface of Sinjado, showing a 4-year periodicity of temporal variability. The strong correlation (coefficient 0.73) between the time coefficient and suspended sediment discharge from Nakdong River emphasizes the role of sediment discharge to deposition in this area. The spatial variability of the third mode (11.3%) was distributed mainly around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado, which is related to the movement of the coastline of Sinjado. Based on the last 5 year's data, our results suggest that the study area is characterized on the whole by a depositional pattern, but the extent of sedimentation is different locally.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2010

Impact of global warming on the ocean environment is reviewed based on most recently published publications. The most significant impact of global warming on marine environment is due to the melting of mountain and continental glaciers. Ice melting causes slow down and/or shut down of thermohaline circulation, and makes hypoxic environment for the first time, then makes anoxic with time. This can cause decreasing biodiversity, and finally makes global extinction of animals and plants. Furthermore, global warming causes sea-level rise, soil erosion and changes in calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD). These changes also can make marine ecosystem unstable. If we emit carbon dioxide at a current rate, the global mean temperature will rise at least $6^{\circ}C$ at the end of this century, as predicted by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). In this case, the ocean waters become acidic and anoxic, and the thermohaline circulation will be halted, and marine ecosystems collapsed.