• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

A new apparatus called the EFA (Erosion Function Apparatus) has been built and tested to measure the erodibility of fine-grained soils. The EFA is a simple test to predict the erosion rate of fine-grained soils along with the corresponding velocity and shear stress. In addition, it is advantageous in predicting the scour rate for actual soil samples from bridge sites. The plot of erosion rate versus shear stress is the result of an EFA test. It Indicates the critical shear stress at which erosion starts and the rate of erosion beyond that shear stress. In order to measure the erodibilities of various soils, 14 Shelby Tube soil samples are collected from the actual bridge sites and tested using the EFA. The results of the EFA tests which are the relationships between erosion rates and shear stresses are presented in this paper and research continues to develop the correlation between the erosion function and the soil properties.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

Soil erosion can cause scouring and failures of underwater structures, therefore, various soil improvement techniques are used to increase the soil erosion resistance. The microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) method is proposed to increase the erosion resistance, however, there are only limited experimental and numerical studies on the use of MICP treatment for improvement of surface erosion resistance. Therefore, this study investigates the improvement in surface erosion resistance of sands by MICP through laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. The surface erosion behaviors of coarse sands with various calcium carbonate contents were first investigated via the erosion function apparatus (EFA). The test results showed that MICP treatment increased the overall erosion resistance, and the contribution of the precipitated calcium carbonate to the erosion resistance and critical shear stress was quantified in relation to the calcium carbonate contents. Further, these surface erosion processes occurring in the EFA test were simulated through the coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) with the cohesion bonding model to reflect the mineral precipitation effect. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and the developed CFD-DEM model with the cohesion bonding model well predicted the critical shear stress of MICP-treated sand. This work demonstrates that the MICP treatment is effective in improving soil erosion resistance, and the coupled CFD-DEM with a bonding model is a useful and promising tool to analyze the soil erosion behavior for MICP-treated sand at a particle scale.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.533-537
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• 2004

The erodibility of soil is an important factor to scour, especially in fine-grained soils. In this study, the erosion characteristics of kaolinite are quantified through the scour rate tests using the Erosion Function Apparatus called EFA. The basic soil property tests are also performed. The kaolinite samples are prepared by mixing with distilled water and formed to the designed maximum consolidation pressure of 60, 110, 160, 240, 360kPa, respectively. The results of the scour rate tests are presented in a format of a plot showing the relationship between erosion rates and shear stresses. Erosion properties of kaolinite showed a striking contrast according to the maximum consolidation pressure, and a correlation was established between the erosion properties of kaolinite and the soil properties; water content, undrained shear strength, dry density.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

The resistance of soil to the tractive force of flowing water is one of the essential parameters for the stability of the soil when directly exposed to the movement of water such as in rivers and ocean beds. Biopolymers, which are new to sustainable geotechnical engineering practices, are known to enhance the mechanical properties of soil. This study addresses the surface erosion resistance of river-sand treated with several biopolymers that originated from micro-organisms, plants, and dairy products. We used a state-of-the-art erosion function apparatus with P-wave reflection monitoring. Experimental results have shown that biopolymers significantly improve the erosion resistance of soil surfaces. Specifically, the critical shear stress (i.e., the minimum shear stress needed to detach individual soil grains) of biopolymer-treated soils increased by 2 to 500 times. The erodibility coefficient (i.e., the rate of increase in erodibility as the shear stress increases) decreased following biopolymer treatment from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 10-6 times compared to that of untreated river-sands. The scour prediction calculated using the SRICOS-EFA program has shown that a height of 14 m of an untreated surface is eroded during the ten years flow of the Nakdong River, while biopolymer treatment reduced this height to less than 2.5 m. The result of this study has demonstrated the possibility of cross-linked biopolymers for river-bed stabilization agents.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-46
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• 1999

A new method called SRICOS is proposed to predict the scour depth z versus time t around a cylindrical bridge pier of diameter D founded in clay. The steps involved are ; 1. taking samples at the bridge pier site, 2. testing them in an Erosion Function Apparatus called the EFA to obtain the scour rate z versus the hydraulic shear stress applied $\tau$, 3. predicting the maximum shear stress r max which will be induced around the pier by the water flowing at ν Ο before the scour hole starts to develop, 4. using the measured z versus r curve to obtain the initial scour rate zi corresponding to r max , 5. predicting the maximum depth of scour zmax for the pier, 6. using zi and zmarx to develop the hyperbolic function describing the scour depth z versus time t curve, and 7. reading the z vs. t curve at a time corresponding to the duration of the flood to find the scour depth which will develop around the pier. A new apparatus is developed to measure the z vs t curve of step 2, a series of advanced numerical simulations are performed to develop an equation for the $\tau$ max value of step 3, and a series of flume tests are performed to develop an equation for the zmax value of step 5. The method is evaluated by comparing predictions and measurements in 42 flume experiments.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2011

지반의 수리저항 특성을 측정하기 위하여 사용되어 온 세굴실험기(EFA)를 개선하여 조류의 흐름방향이 바뀌는 것을 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 개선된 세굴실험기를 이용하여 인공적으로 조성된 세립질 및 조립질 시료에 대하여 일방향 흐름과 왕복류 흐름을 고려한 수리저항성능 실험을 실시하였고 수리저항 특성을 정량적으로 비교하였다. 실험결과 세립질 및 조립질 시료 모두에서 일방향 흐름보다 왕복류를 고려한 양방향 흐름에서 세굴률이 크게 발생 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 세굴률의 증가는 조립질 시료가 더 크게 나타났으며 전 유속에 대한 평균 세굴률을 비교한 결과 상재압력이 큰 쪽이 더 큰 것으로 나타나 해저표면으로부터 상대적으로 깊은 곳에서 양방향 흐름에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2015

우리나라 남서해안의 조차는 지역에 따라 3~8m까지 발생하며 이 지역의 풍력기초들은 조류의 다양한 흐름에 의한 세굴로 전체 구조물에 예상치 못한 진동에 의한 장기적인 불안정성이 야기될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 흐름방향을 고려할 수 있도록 개선된 관수로식 수리저항성능 실험기를 이용하여 압밀압력과 흐름방향의 변화가 지반의 수리저항성능에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험결과 양방향 흐름에 노출된 시료의 세굴률이 일방향 흐름에서보다 크며, 한계전단응력은 감소하여 세굴에 더욱 취약해지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 압밀압력이 증가함에 따라 세립질 토사의 한계전단응력과 같은 수리저항특성은 증가하여 세굴에 대한 저항성이 증가하나 조립토의 수리저항 성능은 크게 변화하지 않았다. 지반공학적 특성과 수리저항특성의 상관관계를 검토한 결과, 비배수전단강도는 한계전단응력과 비례관계이며 세립토 및 조립토의 흙 분류와 관계없이 하나의 상관관계로 효과적으로 한계전단응력을 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며 전단파 속도는 한계전단응력과 비례관계에 있으며 조립토와 세립토의 영역에 따라 비교적 명확히 구분되었다.