• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2004

충격하중에 대한 양단 고정보의 거동을 강 소성 모델을 이용하여 파악 하였다. 또한 손상을 발생시키는 정 역학적 붕괴하중과 이상임펄스에 대한 하중최대치 비와 임펄스 비를 이용하여 손상곡선을 작성하였다. 작성된 손상곡선으로부터 충격하중의 하중 최대치와 임펄스는 구조물의 안전에 중요 변수가 됨을 보였으며 또한 하중최대치 비와 임펄스 비로 작성된 손상곡선은 하중작용시간과 하중의 형태 그리고 구조물의 동적 특성이 함께 고려된 기준으로, 등가 동하중에 초점을 맞추어 일괄적으로 구조물의 안전성을 판단할 수 있는 방법이다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

학교체육관과 같은 소규모 공간구조물의 지진응답은 본래 지진동에 대한 동적응답을 시각이력해석에 의해 검증해야 하지만 통상은 정적해석에 의해 평가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 학교 체육관의 내진성능평가를 가능하게 하는 정적해석의 진행수순을 나타내기로 한다. 지진하중은 2개의 성능 레벨 즉, 일본의 건축기준법에 정의되어 있는 레벨 1과 2에 대응하는 등가인 정적하중으로 근사한다. 또한, 재하 패턴으로서 고유모드형을 사용하는 것에 대한 중요성을 논의하고, 정적해석의 간단한 순서에 의해 최대연직방향가속도를 평가할수 있는 것을 나타낸다. 아울러, 레벨 2의 입력에 의한 정적해석은 동적해석으로 얻어진 응답치를 과소평가하지만, 일본의 중층구조에 사용되는 "극한내력계산법"에 근사한 등가선형차 기법에 의해 레벨 2의 입력에 대한 탄소성응답이 가능하다는 것을 나타내고자 한다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

The large-eddy simulation(LES) was carried out to evaluate the drag and static pressure acting on the blade surface of a small-size axial fan(SSAF) under the condition of unsteady-state, incompressible fluid and three-dimensional coordination. The axial component of drag coefficient increases with the increase of operating load, but the radial components have negligible sizes regardless of operating loads. Otherwise, the static pressures acting on the blade surfaces of SSAF show different distributions around the operating point of D equivalent to the stall. Also, with the increase of operating load, the static pressures acting on the pressure and suction surfaces of blade concentrate at the tips and leading-edges as a whole.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2012

Concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns have been widely used in moment resisting frame structures both in seismic zones. This paper discusses the design of such members based on the advanced methods introduced in the 2005 AISC Specification and the 2005 Seismic Provisions. This study focuses particularly on design following both linear and nonlinear methods utilizing equivalent static and dynamic loads for low-rise moment frames. The paper begins with an examination of the significance of pseudo-elastic design interaction equations and the plastic ductility demand ratios due to combined axial compressive force and bending moment in CFT members. Based on advanced computational simulations for a series of five-story composite moment frames, this paper then investigates both building performance and new techniques to evaluate building damage during a strong earthquake. It is shown that 2D equivalent static analyses can provide good design approximations to the force distributions in moment frames subjected to large inelastic lateral loads. Dynamic analyses utilizing strong ground motions generally produce higher strength ratios than those from equivalent static analyses, but on more localized basis. In addition, ductility ratios obtained from the nonlinear dynamic analysis are sufficient to detect which CFT columns undergo significant deformations.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2015

구조최적설계는 구조물의 성능 개선을 추구하며, 최근에는 구조최적설계는 항공기와 같이 복잡하고 대형인 구조물의 설계에 적용되고 있다. 해석의 정확도를 높이기 위해 유한요소의 수가 증가하는 추세이나 이는 설계 비용의 증가로 이어진다. 이에 부분구조합성법으로써 구분모드합성법이 해석시간 단축을 위해 종종 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 구조물의 동적특성을 고려하고 해석의 정확도는 유지하면서, 설계에 소요되는 시간과 비용을 줄일 수 있는 설계방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 등가정하중을 이용한 동적응답 최적설계에, 부분구조합성법을 적용하여 설계영역만을 고려한 구조최적설계를 수행하는 것이다. 제안한 방법의 유용성 검증을 위하여 선형 및 비선형 동적응답 최적설계의 예제를 풀이하고, 그 결과에 대해 토의한다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.259-275
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• 2018

In mechanical analysis of spacecraft structures situations appear where static and dynamic loads must be considered simultaneously. This could be necessary either by load definition or preloaded structures. The superposition of these environments has an impact on the load and stress distribution of the analysed structures. However, this superposition cannot be done by adding both load contributions directly. As an example, to compute equivalent Von Mises stresses, the phase information must be taken into account in the stress tensor superposition. Finite Element based frequency response solvers do not allow the calculation of superposed static and dynamic responses. A manual combination of loads in a post-processing task is required. In this paper, procedures for static and harmonic loads superposition are presented and supported by analytical and finite element-based examples. The aim of the paper is to provide evidence of the risks of using different superposition techniques. Real application examples such as preloaded mechanism structures and propulsion system tubing assemblies are provided. This study has been performed by the Structural Engineering department of Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Friedrichshafen.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2020

As the height and flexibility of high-rise buildings increase, the wind loads become more dominant and the combination coefficient of Equivalent Static Wind Loads (ESWLs) should be considered when they are used in the structural design. In the first phase of the study, a brief introduction to the theory on the combination coefficient for high-rise buildings was given and then the time history of wind-induced responses of a 208-meter high-rise building with an elliptical cross-section was presented based on the wind tunnel test results for pressure measurement. The correlation between wind-induced responses was analyzed and the combination coefficients of ESWLs of the high-rise buildings using Turkstra's rule, and Asami's method, were calculated and compared with related design codes, e.g., AIJ-RLB, ASCE 7-10, and China Load Code for structural design. The results of the study showed that the combination coefficients from Asami's method are conservative compared with the other three methods. The results of this paper would be helpful to the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings with elliptical cross-section.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2015

The Stonecutters Bridge (SCB) in Hong Kong is the third-longest cable-stayed bridge in the world with a main span stretching 1,018 m between two 298 m high single-leg tapering composite towers. A Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) is being implemented on SCB by the Highways Department of The Hong Kong SAR Government, and the SCB-WASHMS is composed of more than 1,300 sensors in 15 types. In order to establish a linkage between structural health monitoring and maintenance management, a Structural Health Rating System (SHRS) with relevant rating tools and indices is devised. On the basis of a 3D space frame finite element model (FEM) of SCB and model updating, this paper presents the development of an SHR-oriented 3D multi-scale FEM for the purpose of load-resistance analysis and damage evaluation in structural element level, including modeling, refinement and validation of the multi-scale FEM. The refined 3D structural segments at deck and towers are established in critical segment positions corresponding to maximum cable forces. The components in the critical segment region are modeled as a full 3D FEM and fitted into the 3D space frame FEM. The boundary conditions between beam and shell elements are performed conforming to equivalent stiffness, effective mass and compatibility of deformation. The 3D multi-scale FEM is verified by the in-situ measured dynamic characteristics and static response. A good agreement between the FEM and measurement results indicates that the 3D multi-scale FEM is precise and efficient for WASHMS and SHRS of SCB. In addition, stress distribution and concentration of the critical segments in the 3D multi-scale FEM under temperature loads, static wind loads and equivalent seismic loads are investigated. Stress concentration elements under equivalent seismic loads exist in the anchor zone in steel/concrete beam and the anchor plate edge in steel anchor box of the towers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권6권
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• pp.751-763
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• 2017

This article deals with the buckling behaviour of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive (in-plane) loads. The constitutive equations of MEE material are used to derive a finite element (FE) formulation involving the coupling between electric, magnetic and elastic fields. The displacement field corresponding to first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been employed. The in-plane stress distribution within the MEE plate existing due to the enacted force is considered to be equivalent to the applied in-plane compressive load in the pre-buckling range. The same stress distribution is used to derive the potential energy functional. The non-dimensional critical buckling load is accomplished from the solution of allied linear eigenvalue problem. Influence of stacking sequence, span to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, load factor and boundary condition on critical buckling load and their corresponding mode shape is investigated. In addition, static deflection of MEE plate under the sinusoidal and the uniformly distributed load has been studied for different stacking sequences and boundary conditions.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) defined in ATC-40 or FEMA-273 is a most widely used static inelastic analysis method to evaluate the performance level of the existing structures. In CSM, however, uncertainties and errors exist when lateral forces such as earthquake and wind loads are analyzed into equivalent static loads. This paper examines the accuracy of CSM for different structural parameters, such as natural frequency, yield strength and hardening ratio, and various soil conditions by comparing the estimated values to exact solutions obtained by time history analysis. Results indicate that the accuracy of CSM, in general, is influenced mostly by hardening ratio.