• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

The selective targeting of an integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ antagonist (PIA) with $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$ and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with $[^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]^{+1}$, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 ${\mu}g$ of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful $^{99m}TC$ labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-324
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• 2014

The Hongjeom formation of the Pyeongan Supergroup in the Munkyeong coalfield mainly consists of metapsammite and metapelites. Metampelites occur as slate preserving chloritoid+chlorite+muscovite and andalusite+biotite+chlorite+muscovite mineral assemblages. Chloritoid and andalusite occur as porphyroblast, and the matrix composed of fine-grained micas. Metamorphic P-T conditions for these mineral assemblages are $510-520^{\circ}C$ and 3.0-3.5kbar based on P-T pseudosection in $MnO-K_2O-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O(MnKFMASH)$ system and isopleth intersections of Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios in chloritoid and chlorite. The medium temperature and low pressure metamorphism resulted from a higher geothermal gradient ($40-45^{\circ}C/km$) condition than that of burial metamorphism. The youngest (SHRIMP U-Pb age; ca. 327-310 Ma) detrital zircon grains from the Hongjeom formation display oscillatory zoning and relatively high Th/U ratio (0.60-1.12). Based on the previous sedimentary, paleontological, and geochronological studies in the Taebaeksan basin together with results of this study, we suggest that (1) initial deposition of the Hongjeom formation was contemporaneous with a magmatic activity in the provenance, (2) the Pyeongan Supergroup was deposited in an arc-related basin at an active continental margin during the Carboniferous to Permain, and (3) magmatic activities occurred repetitively in relatively short interval in the active continental margin had continuously supplied sediments to the basin.

• Atmosphere
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2006

This study investigates the response of a typhoon model to the change of the sea surface temperature (SST) throughout the model integration. The SST change is parameterized as a formulae of which the magnitude is given as a function of not only the intensity and the size but the moving speed of tropical cyclone. The formulae is constructed by referring to many previous observational and numerical studies on the SST cooling with the passage of tropical cyclones. Since the parameterized cooling formulae is based on the mathematical expression, the resemblance between the prescribed SST cooling and the observed one during the period of the numerical experiment is not complete nor satisfactory. The agreements between the prescribed and the observed SST even over the swath of the typhoon passage differ from case to case. Numerical experiments are undertaken with and without prescribing the SST cooling. The results with the SST cooling do not show clear evidence in improving the track prediction compared to those of the without-experiments. SST cooling in the model shows its swath along the incomplete simulated track so that the magnitude and the distribution of the sea surface cooling does not resemble completely with the observed one. However, we have observed a little improvement in the intensity prediction in terms of the central pressure of the tropical cyclone in some cases. In case where the model without the SST treatment is not able to yield a correct prediction of the filling of the tropical cyclone especially in the decaying stage, the pulling effect given by the SST cooling alleviates the over-deepening of the model so that the central pressure approaches toward the observed value. However, the opposite case when the SST treatment makes the prediction worse may also be possible. In general when the sea surface temperature is reduced, the amount of the sensible and the latent heat from the ocean surface become also reduced, which results in the weakening of the storms comparing to the constant SST case. It turns out to be the case also in our experiments. The weakening is realized in the central pressure, maximum wind, horizontal temperature gradient, etc.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.511-523
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• 2019

A new Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) airborne measurement platform has been established for regular observations for scientific purpose over South Korea since late 2017. CRDS G-2401m analyzer mounted on the King Air 350HW was used to continuous measurement of CO₂, CH₄ and CO mole fraction. The total uncertainty of measurements was estimated to be 0.07 ppm for CO₂, 0.5 ppb for CH₄, and 4.2 ppb for CO by combination of instrument precision, repeatability test simulated in-flight condition and water vapor correction uncertainty. The airborne vertical profile measurements were performed at a regional Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Anmyeon-do (AMY) station that belongs to the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and provides concurrent observations to the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) overpasses. The vertical profile of CO₂ shows clear altitude gradient, while the CH₄ shows non-homogenous pattern in the free troposphere over Anmyeon-do. Vertically averaged CO₂ at the altitude between 1.5 and 8.0km are lower than AMY surface background value about 7 ppm but higher than that observed in free troposphere of western pacific region about 4 ppm, respectively. CH₄ shows lower level than those from ground GAW stations, comparable with flask airborne data that was taken in the western pacific region. Furthermore, this study shows that the combination of CH₄ distribution in free troposphere and trajectory analysis, taking account of convective mixing, is a useful tool in investigating CH₄ transport processes from tropical region to Korean region in winter season.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is evaluate for effect quality eye care to the aged population of rural community. This study investigated one of important factors in dispensing distance pupillary distance. measured reading pupillary distance, calculated reading pupillary distance into age group and sex. I measured pupillary distance and near inter pupillary distance with corneal reflection pupillometer(shin Nippon PD-82) The objects are male and female living rural community at least 60 years old. The mean pupillary distance for distance of male and female were 63.52 mm, 61.24 mm, respectively. The mean measured reading pupillary distance of male and female were 60.12 mm, 58.08 mm, respectively. Gradient and difference between male and female were same with mean pupillary distance for distance. The result of comparison the mean difference of the mean measured reading pupillary distance and the calculated reading pupillary distance into the age group and sex. This result of changes of addition, as the age is older, the mean addition is greater than youth. I'd like to compare changes of these factors influenced by environmental factors, however I couldn't see about these. So I couldn't considered their relationship and some possible problems of wearing commercial reading glass.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2000

We have conducted multiple geophysical surveys to investigate the geoenvironmental change of the Nanjido Landfill due to the stabilization process. Geophyscial surveys are comprized of gravity, magnetic, dipole-dipole electrical and SP methods. Due to the field conditions, surveys were conducted on the top surface of the landfill no.2 and southern border areas in front of landfills. The gravity anomalies obtained on the top surface of the landfill no.2 in 1999 show that the gradient of the anomaly on the central area is decreasing in comparison with that observed four years ago. The complexity of magnetic anomaly pattern it also decreasing. These facts suggest that the stabilization work of the Nanjido landfill makes some progress by compaction process due to repetitive subsidence and refilling. The dipole-dipole electrical resistivity and SP data obtained on the outside of the waterproof wall at the landfill no.1 were severely affected by unsatisfactory surface conditions. On the other hand, the dipole-dipole electrical resistivity profiles obtained on the inside and outside parts of the waterproof wall at the landfill no.2 show the blocking effect of leachate flow by the waterproof wall. Few SP anomalies are observed on the top and side surfaces of the landfill no.2, but SP anomalies obtained on the base area inside the waterproof wall strongly reflect the effect of leachate collecting wells.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.840-845
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• 2011

Degradation products of agarose are biologically active and thus used as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals or functional cosmetics. Furthermore, it has been strongly considered as a substrate for bio-ethanol fermentation. Recently, we isolated new agarase-producing microorganism, Pseudoalteromonas sp. from south sea of Korea. In this study, we aimed to separate and purify the agarase from culture broth of this strain. Separation of agarase was performed by ion- exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose resin. Equilibrium pH and volume ratio of resin to the amount of protein were optimized for the efficient adsorption of protein. 410 ${\mu}g$ of protein was completely adsorbed to 3 mL of resin at pH 7.5. The total amount of eluted protein increased as NaCl concentration increased to 400 mM at isocratic elution. Agarase was separated by linear gradient elution of NaCl (0~1,000 mM). Three major protein peaks were observed and the presence or absence of agarase in these eluted proteins was measured by Lugol's staining technique. Only six eluted protein fractions showed strong agarase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.625-636
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• 2017

This study looked into the behavior of precast concrete track due to temperature variation and initial track deformation and examined the effect of initial deformation and deformation caused by temperature gradient on the stress distribution of slab under train load. In this paper, one of two papers in a series, a finite element analysis model for calculating deformation and stress of precast concrete track was proposed; the temperature distribution and displacements measured at the precast concrete track in the field were compared with the analytical results. The results show that the slab always curled up due to initial deformation; by comparing the measured displacements with the displacements calculated by taking measured temperatures at each depth as input, the effective built-in temperature (EBITD), the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the slab corresponding to the initial deformation, can be estimated. If EBITD is relevantly assumed, the calculated displacements correlate well with the measured ones.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2020

Gradient concentrations of Tithonia diversifolia green leaves and phosphate rocks were used to investigate their contributions as a fertilizer to the yield and quality improvement of a rainfed rice cultivar. Six treatments were compared: (1) T0, no fertilization (control); (2) T1, 1.28 g of phosphate rocks; (3) T2, 250 g of organic matter; (4) T3, 500 g of organic matter; (5) T4, 250 g of organic matter + 1.28 g of phosphate rocks; (6) T5, 500 g of organic matter + 1.28 g of phosphate rocks. The results showed that the germination percentage recorded 15 days after sowing varied from 58 - 76% between T0 and T5. The number of panicles ranged between 2 (T0) to 6.3 (T5). Moreover, the recorded length of the panicles ranged between 7.5 (T1) to 15.8 cm (T2), and the number of grains per panicle ranged between 25.5 (T1) to 273.5 (T3). The plant height was significantly increased in the T5 (79.27 cm) group compared to the T1 (33.63 cm) and control treatment (T0) (40.08 cm) groups. Although the plant height in the T2, T3, and T4 groups was slightly lower than the T5 group, the difference was not statistically significant. The average of the grain number per plant was high in the T3 (273.6 grains) group compared to the T1 and T0 (25.5 and 32.8 grains) groups, respectively. These results suggest that the combination of T. diversifolia leaves and phosphate rocks as a natural fertilizer would be beneficial when integrated into soil fertility management strategies and would contribute to improving crop yield and quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is investigate to water quality, pH, turbidity, salinity, nutrients, SS, DO, COD, ${NH_4}^+$-N, ${NO_2}^-+{NO_3}^-$-N, TN, TP, ${PO_4}^{3-}$-P in ditches and seawater of the Hwawon, southwestern coastal area of Korea. Two stations of the ditch, one station at outfall from reservoir of the coastal development and 15 stations of seawater were measured in August just after a 96.5 mm rainfall and in dry season of November 2006. The sampling time were divided into a rainy and dry season based on turbidity, SS, salinity and nutrients difference of distributions that was evidence as a inflow of pollutants from the developing coastal land area. The pH, turbidity, salinity and SS were high and showed different from between surface and bottom in near the developing of coastal land than the other stations after a strong rainfall over 90 mm while it were not varied in vertical and horizontal concentration profile in dry season. The other nutrients were showed the same concentrations gradient patterns. In opposition to expectations, the SS in dry season was higher than in the rainy season due to upwelling by the wind and strong current. It appears that the researched coastal seawater qualities were mainly effected by the inflow of freshwater from the ditches and drain from the reservoir of the developing land area during strong rainfall while the seawater qualities were mainly effected by the wind and strong current in dry season.