• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.318-324
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• 2017

Lime bordeaux mixture (LBM) and lime sulfur mixture (LSM) are representative environmental friendly organic materials for prevention of insect pests in South Korea. Recently, those have been widely used as an alternative for chemical pesticides in eco-friendly farms. However, South Korea has not established even recommendation of LBM and LSM considering the stability of heavy metals in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of hazardous heavy metals in soil and plant with long-term application of LBM and LSM. Firstly, we investigated the amount of LBM and LSM used per year in several eco-friendly farms to determine a standard application rate of both materials. The pepper plant was grown on the pot in greenhouse for 14 weeks. Both materials were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 9 times of standard application rates (2.56 and $1.28L\;ha^{-1}$ of LBM and LSM per year, respectively). Dry matter yield of pepper and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentration in soil and pepper plant were measured after 14 weeks. Yield of pepper plant did not significantly chang with up to application rate of 1 times, thereafter it markedly decreased with more than 3 times. With increasing LBM and LSM application, the concentration of Cu and Zn in soil significantly increased. Especially, Zn concentration in pepper significantly increased with increasing application rates of both materials. This might resulted in significant decrease in dry matter yield of pepper. The concentrations of those heavy metals in soil did not exceed safety levels ($150mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn) established by the Korean Soil Environmental Conservation Act as well as concentration of heavy metals in pepper plant by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, particular attention should be paid for heavy metal safety and crop productivity when using LBM and LSM in the organic farm.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2012

Nepal is one of the least urbanized countries in the world where more than 80% of the total population live in rural areas. In recent years, the rate of urbanization became rampant which ultimately accelerated immense pressure on municipal services, especially on managing the ever increasing amount of wastes. Due to lack of technology, infrastructure and financial capacity management of increasing amount of solid waste has become a major challenge in municipalities of Nepal. The indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes already affected the urban environment by creating a serious occupational health and environmental hazard to the vicinity of the dumping sites. However, there is great possibility of recovering methane from the landfill sites since the typical Nepalese municipal solid waste contains more than 65% of organic wastes. Despite having enormous potential of generating electricity from hydropower, Nepal is facing acute shortage of energy. Therefore, comprehensive scientific research and development is necessary for making solid waste to environmentally friendly by converting waste to the energy.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.600-614
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• 2011

Classical methods which used for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water are adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange resin, evaporation, and membrane processes. Microbial biosorption can be used for the removal of contaminated waters with pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes which are not easily biodegradable. Microbial biosorbents are inexpensive, eco friendly and more effective for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous solution. In this review, the bacterial and fungal abilities for heavy metals ions removal are emphasized. Environmental factors which affect biosorption process are also discussed. A detailed description for the most common isotherm and kinetic models are presented. This article reviews the achievements and the current status of bacterial and fungal biosorption technology for heavy metals removal and provides insights for further researches.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.923-938
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• 2015

This study was conducted to serve as the basis for establishing a standard cultivation, which enhances the alternative utilization of pig manure, a major cause of environmental pollution, by finding a means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for eco-friendly cultivation. In a laboratory, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ emission patterns were investigated corresponding to incremental pig manure treatments in paddy soil. The emissions peaked 12 to 27 days after manure application in the 100~400% applications. It was found that increasing applications of pig manure resulted an increase in $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ emissions. Additionally, application of more than 150% emitted a larger amount of these gasses than applying chemical fertilizer. However, the test application of 100% pig manure emitted a smaller amount of $CH_4$ and hence Global Warming Potential (GWP) than those emitted by chemical fertilizer. If appropriate amount of fertilization is applied in compliance with the standard application rate, the pig manure may be effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the soil environment made more favorable than with the use of chemical fertilizer.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-78
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• 1998

Nowadays, there are increasing demands of golf courses and it is necessary to make more golf courses than the present. To do this, we need to improve the environmental problems with the regional inhabitants, and it is said that the first thing to be considered in developing any golf course in Korea is to preserve the environment. In this context, the purpose of this study is to set forth several design factors to lessen the negative impacts which are accompanied with the development of golf courses. 1. The present conditions of golf courses in Korea Many new golf courses have come into being, particularly since the late 1980s, and now, in the year of 1997, over one hundred of golf courses are doing their business, yet the number of golf course is still less than required. So far, over a half of them have been made in the vicinity of Seoul on account of various reasons, and this has adversely affected on our natural environment. This unreasonable development of golf courses has caused serious water pollution, landslides and the other problems. Also, the topography of Korea is not good for golf courses. Although the demands of golf courses are increasing, the suitable sites for them are very limited, and therefore it is sometimes unavoidable to make golf courses on steep hills. Consequently, in designing golf courses in Korea, the most important thing is the balance between natural environment and artificial environment. 2.Eco-friendly golf course design factors 1) The concept of eco-friendly golf courses Ecologically sustainable and sound golf courses which are made by eco-friendly approaches 2)Basic conditions of eco-friendly golf courses (1)The most suitable sites (2) Conservation of existing ground as much as possible (3)Proper use of agricultural chemicals which have great impacts on the environment (4) Reasonable use of fertilizers (5) Developing a specialized fertilizer only for grass (6) Adaptation of organic agriculture (7) Improvement of grass sorts (8) Establishing reservoirs for purifying the water from golf courses 3) Eco-friendly golf courses (1) Location-Enough area /Gentle slope/Winding ground/Including lakes or streams /Not crossing wind's main direction Facing south or southeast /Suitable soIl for grass /Good drainage /Low level of underground water (2)Course layout and design -Consideration about existing contours as much as possible -Adaptation of Scotish design trend -Various holes' configuration -Consideration toward surrounding landscapes -Reducing grass areas -Giving buffer zones -Adapting computer methods in the process of site analysis and design (3) Eco-friendly considerations in constructing and managing golf courses -Protection of wildlife -Reuse of existing forests and preservation of topsoil -Renovation of old-fashioned courses -Reducing grass areas -Purification of water -Standization of management -Strict regulations against chemicals -Recycling organic materials -Through separation of the water inside golf courses and out of bounds -Getting proper construction works done in a due time 4.Eco-friendly considerations from a viewpoint of cultural environment 1) Well-matched landscape design and events planning 2) Implement of identifications and awarding systerns 3)Acknowledgement of superintendents' qualitications in the maintenance of golf courses 4)Increasing public golf courses and keeping good relationships with the neighbors near golf courses Key words: Pro-environmental development, Golf course.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

농림부에서는 농촌개발사업의 일환인 생산 및 유통개선 사업 중 친환경농업 지구 조성사업를 추진하고 있다. 친환경농업 지구 조성사업은 사업명칭과는 달리 친환경농업 지구조성보다는 생산성을 높이는 측면의 사업신청 내용이며, 이 또한 토양특성의 고려가 적은 것으로 파악되고 있다. 이러한 친환경농업 지구 조성 사업지역의 문제점 및 개선방향을 검토하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 2004년도에는 친환경농업지구 조성사업지역 33개소 중 경기, 강원, 충북, 충남, 제주 지역 18개소 823 ha를 조사하였다. 친환경농업 지구조성 사업지구에서 수행하고 있는 일부 사업내용은 지역특성과 토양조건을 고려해야 할 것으로 분석되었다. 하천주위의 논토양의 경우, 액비시용, 오리농법 등은 하천수의 범람 등으로 인해 수질오염의 문제가 있을 것으로 판단되었으며, 사질계 토양의 경우 목재파쇄기 및 심토파쇄기의 효과가 적은 것으로 판단되었다. 친환경농업 지구조성사업의 개선방향으로는 사업 1년전에 사업계획서를 해당기관에서 지역여건 및 토양특성을 고려하여 종합적으로 검토한 후 사업을 지원할 수 있도록 하고, 사업완료 후에는 전문가에 의한 사후평가를 실시하여 인센티브나 벌점 등의 부여하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2023

Biochar is emerging as a promising substance for achieving carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It can absorb several nutrients via ion bonding on its surface functional groups, resulting in slow dissociation of the bonds. Biochar, like organic fertilizers, contributes to sustainable nutrient management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrient-coated biochar amendments on leafy vegetables production and soil fertility. The nutrient-coated biochar was produced by soaking rice husk biochar in a nutrient solution containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium for 24 hours. Nutrient-coated biochar and organic fertilizers were applied to soil at a rate of 120 kg·N·ha^-1. The growth components of the leafy vegetables showed that nutrient-coated biochar led to the highest fresh weight (FW) of both lettuce and kale (i.e., 146.67 and 93.54 g·plant^-1 FW, respectively). As a result, nutrient-coated biochar amendments led to superior yield compared to the control treatment and organic fertilization. The elemental composition of leafy vegetables revealed that soil amended with nutrient-coated biochar resulted in higher nutrient contents, which was attributed to the high nutrient contents supplied by the rice husk biochar. Soil amendment with nutrient-coated biochar positively enhanced the soil fertility compared to amendment with organic fertilizer. Therefore, nutrient-coated biochar is a promising substance for enhancing agronomic performance of leafy vegetables and improving soil fertility.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2004

A study was conducted to develop a management policy of animal waste in Northern Chungbuk province through investigating the status of animal waste management. In management of swine manure, rotary composting including a simple piling method has a portion of $64\%$ using as a liquefied fertilizer $18\%$, purification $9\%$ and ocean dumping $9\%$ respectively. Most of them use the animal waste as a fertilizer to the agricultural land. The exercise ground of dairy farms was bedded with $70\%$ of sawdust and $30\%$ of conventional soil ground besides the stall. They had a storage tank for the waste water from milking parlor. Korean beef cattle farms mostly run sawdust stall, which changed new one in a term of 6$\~$12 months. In case of layer, manure management was conducted in the order of simple piling method, rotary composting and ventilation into the piling mostly. Comparing the amount of excreted animal manure with that of possible spreading, the latter can be spread more than 2.9 times than the former in Northern Chungbuk province. The Northern Chungbuk province is an appropriate place to carry out an environmentally friendly animal production. An utilization model as a liquefied fertilizer should be developed for paddy field, upland field, orchard, and forage field to in-crease the value of animal waste effectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

The rendering residue generated by rendering disposal, an eco-friendly livestock carcass disposal method, is a useful agricultural resource. Methods for recycling this are being actively researched, and this study investigated the impact of applying rendered residue directly to soil on crop productivity and the agricultural environment. The chemical properties of the rendering residue were examined. The pH, OM, T-N, T-P, CaO, K₂O, and MgO content values were 5.47%, 59.8%, 9.22%, 2.96%, 2.16%, 0.51% and 0.10%, respectively. Treatment conditions were divided into control, inorganic fertilizer, and rendering residue, and rendering residue corresponding to 50, 100, and 200% nitrogen content was applied based on the amount of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen input. Greenhouse gases and ammonia were collected during the cultivation period. Rendering residue increased both the yield and growth of peppers and was effective in improving nutrients such as pH and OM of the soil after harvest. However, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, it increased emissions of nitrous oxide and methane as well as ammonia. It is judged that the direct agricultural use of rendering residue is difficult, and a utilization method is needed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2005

본 시험은 영남지역 과채류 등의 시설재배지 후작으로 벼 재배시 합리적인 시비법에 대한 체계를 확립하여 농자재 절감, 각종 재해 방지 및 수질오염 방지 등을 통한 환경 농업의 기초자료 얻고자 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험 후 토양의 화학적 특성은 시험전 토양에 비하여 pH, 유효인산, 치환성 칼리는 감소하였으나 유기물은 큰 차이가 없는 경향이었고 EC로부터 산출한 제염의 정도인 제염률은 기비생략구가 높은 경향이었다. 주요시기별 토양 중 $NH_4-N$의 변화는 '98년보다 '99년도가 다소 높은 경향이었다. 시비량이 많을수록 높았다. 주요시기별 초장과 경수의 변화도 토양 $NH_4-N$과 동일한 경향이었다. 수확기 벼 식물체의 T-N은 '98년도에 일정한 경향이 없었고, '99년도에는 시비량이 많을수록 높은 경향이었다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 '99년에 천립중이 높았고 수당립수도 많은 경향이었다. 수량은 '98년엔 처리간 차이가 없었다. '99년도에는 관행구에서 높은 경향이었다. 시비 질소 이용률은 '98년에는 기비 생략구에서 높았고 '99년도는 관행구에서 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 당해연도에 시설원예작물이 재배된 경우에 후작으로 벼 재배시 기비생략 등의 감비재배법이 비료절감, 수질오염 경감, 안정적 수량 확보 등의 이점이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 벼 재배 2년차부터는 관행시비가 가능할 것으로 생각되었다.