• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

There propagate use management paradigm in developed countries is changing as Command & Control ${\Rightarrow}$ Market Based ${\Rightarrow}$ Open Access ${\Rightarrow}$ Manage By Technology & Technical Analysis, that the policy response to environmental changes, such as a variety of new technologies. The emergence of service, the proliferation of propagation users It is to activate the market. However, the basic principles of radio management such that the change of paradigm be used to spread in a range that does not affect the interference, such as the horn is to be observed. Around the world in order to prevent the propagation and utilization Horn interference enacted regulations for managing the radio station, and also discipline.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2019

Although the rare earth elements (REEs) recycling industry is expected to increase worldwide in hightech industry, regulations for worker safety have yet to be established. This study was conducted to understand the potential hazard/risk of REE recycling and to support the establishment of regulations or standards. We review the extensive literature on the toxicology, occupational safety, and health issues, and epidemiological surveys related to the REEs, and propose suitable management measures. REE recycling has four key steps such as collection, dismantling, separation, and processing. In these processes, hazardous substances, such as REEs-containing dust, metals, and chemicals, were used or occurred, including the risk of ignition and explosion, and the workers can be easily exposed to them. In addition, skin irritation and toxicities for respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems with the liver toxicity were reported; however, more supplementary data are needed, owing to incompleteness. Therefore, monitoring systems concerning health, environmental impacts, and safety need to be established, based on additional research studies. It is also necessary to develop innovative and environment-friendly recycling technologies, analytical methods, and biomarkers with government support. Through these efforts, the occupational safety and health status will be improved, along with the establishment of advanced REE recycling industry.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.530-537
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• 2010

By development of renewable energy and more efficient facilities in an increasingly deregulated electricity market, the operation cost of distributed generation (DG) is becoming more competitive. International environmental regulations of the leaking carbon become effective to reinforce global efforts for a low-carbon paradigm. Through increased DG, operators of DG are able to supply electric power to customers who are connected directly to DG as well as loads that are connected to entire network. In this situation, a community energy system (CES) with DGs is a new participant in the energy market. DG's purchase price from the market is different from the DG's sales price to the market due to transmission service charges and other costs. Therefore, CES who owns DGs has to control the produced electric power per hourly period in order to maximize profit. Considering the international environment regulations, CE will be an important element to decide the marginal cost of generators as well as the classified fuel unit cost and unit's efficiency. This paper introduces the optimal operation of CES's DG connected to the distribution network considering CE. The purpose of optimization is to maximize the profit of CES. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) will be used to solve this complicated problem. The optimal operation of DG represented in this paper would guide CES and system operators in determining the decision making criteria.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

For the safety evaluation of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we investigated differential gene expressions after transfecting adenoviral vector containing p16 tumor suppressor gene (Ad5CMV-p16) into human non-small cell lung cancer cells. In the previous study, we showed adenovirus-mediated $p16^{INK4a}$ gene transfer resulted in significant inhibition of cancer cell growth. We investigated gene expression changes after transfecting Ad5CMV-p16, Ad5CMV (null type, a mock vector) into A549 cells by using cDNA chip and oligonucleotide microarray chip (1200 genes) which carries genes related with signal transduction pathways, cell cycle regulations, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We found that $p16^{INK4a}$ gene transfer down regulated 5 genes (cdc2, cyclin D3, cyclin B, cyclin E, cdk2) among 26 genes involved in cell cycle regulations. Compared with serum-free medium treated cells, Ad5CMV-p16 changed 27 gene expressions, two fold or more on oligonucleotide chip. In addition, Ad5CMV-p16 did not seem to increase the tumorigenicity-related gene expression in A549 cells. Further studies will be needed to investigate the effect of Ad5CMV-p16 on normal human cells and tissues for safety evaluation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.401-417
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer concerns about hazardous elements on foods and recognition of the roles of government, food producers, and consumers in securing food safety. The data were collected from the 443 adult consumers living in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Kwangju and Daejeon through a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, t tests, analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted using SPSS Windows. The results of the survey were as follows: (1) the respondents were worried about health risks related to hazardous elements on foods, (2) many respondents were more worried about preservatives of imported foods than those of domestic foods, and (3) most respondents mentioned that observance of enforcement regulations by producers was the most important factor for ensuring food safety in the future. These results imply that regulations regarding the safety of imported foods should be increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

The new Urban Park Regulation encourages local governments to introduce new types of urban parte such as historic parte, cultural parks and neighborhood parte. However ambiguity among those parks in terms of main facilities and providing recreational programs makes it difficult for local governments, as well as landscape designers and planners, to adopt this new regulations. In this light, the present study aims to search for park facilities and programs defined by the new regulations, in order to satisfy users' demands for those parks with consideration to parks' unique characteristics. For these purposes, a conjoint analysis was carried out with three hundreds participants. Sampled participants include the citizens of Seoul as well as current residents of Paju. The study results indicate that participants would like to have distinctive programs and facilities at these three new types of parks. However, no considerable differences were observed among the levels of programs and facilities participants wish to have, due to unfamiliarity with, in particular, cultural and historic parks. Despite this insignificant difference among attribute levels, study results clearly suggest that residents wold like to have new types of facilities and recreational programs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 1999

This article analyzed the building regulations, the guidelines for the people with disabilities, and the interior environment of the transportation facilities of Stockholm and Oslo, which wee capital cities of leading countries in this field. Result showed that Swedish 'BBR 94' was made and based on accessibility, safety, and efficiency. But the mandatory items and detailed recommendations were minimal. 'The Swedish Handicap Institute' provided more detailed requirements. As a result of case studies of 4 facilities, it appeared that these facilities used sufficient dimension, variable color, different material, or adaptable lightings in order to provide easy accessibility, adaptability, safety, support, and mobility for the people with disabilities instead of keeping the building regulations and guidelines reluctantly.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.1-1
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• 1993

The cosmetic industry is dynamic, ever changing. New product are constantly evolved, old and obsolete products are replaced as the industry adopts to an ever changing market. Cosmetics are products 1the society. They often reflect the changing needs, values, and the lifestyles of the people and serve as an indicator of the political climate and economic state of a nation. Thus, it is likely the recent change in 11head of the U.S. government will strongly impact the cosmetic industry. The United States is the world`s largest market for cosmetics and toiletries, Many U.S. cosmetic and toiletry manufacturers, such as P & G, Colgate, Avon, Revlon and Estee Lauder, market their Products worldwide. Consequently, what happens in the U.S. often, sooner or later, affect markets and industries in other parts of the world. Frequently, changes that occur first in the U.S. with subsequently take place in other nations within a few years. The success and failure of the new economic policies of the Clinton Administration and the expected tightening of government regulations on environmental protection, and consumer protection will undoubtedly affect the industry. Possible changes in foreign policy will not only affect U.S. companies but also cosmetic manufacturers in other nations. This lecture will focus on possible changes in the cosmetic industry in America and how they will impact on Korea and foreign companies doing business in United States. It will also review important changes in federal and state regulations. New marketing trends, new raw materials and successful new products will be discussed.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.389-397
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• 2023

This study compares domestic and foreign research on renewable energy-based water electrolysis clean hydrogen. Domestic studies from 2010 to 2023 focused on technological efficiency, energy efficiency, and system efficiency, with few analyzing infrastructure and technology trends. Overseas research initially focused on technological efficiency and stability, but has since shifted to economic and environmental impact, policy effectiveness, industry-university-research cooperation, and sustainability. To improve water electrolysis technology production, this study suggests prioritizing technology stability over efficiency, resolving government regulations and resident acceptance issues, promoting industry-university-institute cooperation for rapid commercialization of research results, and developing a strategy for sustainable development of renewable energy-based water electrolysis technology.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2023

Revolutionary advancements, such as the reduction in DNA sequencing costs and genome editing, have transformed biotechnology, fostering progress in manipulating biomolecules, engineering cells, and computational biology. Agriculture and food production have significantly benefited from tools like high-throughput microarrays, accelerating the selection of desired traits. Genetic engineering, especially utilizing genome editing, facilitates precise alterations in plants and animals, harnessing microbiomes and fostering lab-grown meat production to alleviate environmental pressures. The emergence of new biotechnologies, notably genome editing, underscores the necessity for regulatory frameworks governing LM (living modified) organisms. Global regulations overseeing genetically engineered or genome-edited (GE) organisms, encompassing animals, exhibit considerable diversity. Nonetheless, prevailing international regulatory trends typically exclude genomeedited plants and animals, employing novel biotechnological techniques, from GMO/ LMO classification if they lack foreign genes and originate through natural mutations or traditional breeding programs. This comprehensive review scrutinizes ongoing risk and safety assessment cases, such as genome-edited beef cattle and fish in the USA and Japan. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of existing regulations related to genome editing in Korea and evaluates newly proposed legislation, offering insights into the future trajectory of regulatory frameworks.