• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2007

In Korea, we assign the chemical substances of 535 types as toxic substance. Only 10% of the 535 toxic substances are being managed by the Ministry of Environment related with water quality standard. Tar color is also one of chemical substances, but we have the lacks for the information of tar colors about the environmental effects of aquatic ecosystem. This study performed the test of bioassay using Water Fleas and Luminescent Bacteria. The tar has 7 types of colors allowed as the edible color and we evaluate the toxicities of 5 tar colors out of 7 colors and we would like to provide the informations for further study as we perform the toxicity test for the samples of 5 tar colors. We did the toxicity test of using Water Fleas From the results, we obtained the magnitudes of toxicity in order of Red No.2, Yellow No.5, Red No.3, Yellow No.4, Blue No.1. As the result based on Microtox Acute Toxicity Test using Luminescent Bacteria with the standard of 15min-EC50, we obtained in order of Yellow No.5, Food Red No.3, Red No.2, Yellow No.4, Blue No.1. We could expect the tar colors may have different effects on the aquatic ecosystem, respectively and it may influence to the aquatic ecosystem and the human, because of bioconcentration by food chain when toxicity of the tar colors overflow in the aquatic ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-67
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental design through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of forest landscape. For this, landscape values of forest landscape have been evaluated by using the Iverson method, the images structure of forest landscape's main utilizing space have been analysed by the factor analysis algorithm, degree of visual preferences have been pleasured mainly by questionnaries and SBE method, and finally these thesis can be summarized as fallow LCP with high values of Iverson factors I and IV yield high landscape value. Specifically, Iverson factor IV has been found to play the dominant. For all experimental points, significant seasonal variations in S.D. scale values have been observed. In natural parks, where artificial structures are complementary to the natural landscape, main factors of image are S.D. scales such as the visual sequence, the formal simplicity of structures, the emphasis, the unification of heterogeneous factors and the assimilation. Factors covering the spatial image of natural parks have been found to be the overall evaluation, the individual characteristics, the tidiness, the potentiality, the dignity, the intimacy and the space volume. For all seasons, factors such as the individual characteristics, the dignity, the tidiness, the potentiality, yield high factor scores. As for factors determining the degree of visual preference, variables such as the summit, the skyline, rocks, the water and the degree of natural destruction by artificial structures yield high values for all seasons.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.7
• /
• pp.271-303
• /
• 2009

"Ubiquitous sensor network" definition is this-Someone attaches electro-magnetic tag everything which needs communication between man to man, man to material and material to material(Ubiquitous). By using attached every electro-magnetic tag, someone detects it's native information as well as environmental information such as temperature, humidity, pollution and infiltration information(Sensor). someone connects it realtime network and manage generated information(Network). 21st century's war is joint combined operation connecting with ground, sea and air smoothly in digitalized war field, and is systematic war provided realtime information from sensor to shooter. So, it needs dramatic development on watch reconnaissance, command and control, pinpoint strike etc. Ubiquitous computing and network technologies are essential in national defense to operate 21st century style war. It is possible to use many parts such as USN combined smart dust and sensor network to protect friend unit as well as to watch enemy's deep area by unmanned reconnaissance, wearable computer upgrading soldier's operational ability and combat power dramatically, RFID which can be used material management as well as on time support. Especially, unmanned watch system using USN is core part to transit network centric military service and to get national defense efficiency which overcome the dilemma of national defense person resource reducing, and upgrade guard quality level, and improve combat power by normalizing guardian's bio rhythm. According to the test result of sensor network unmanned watch system, it needs more effort and time to stabilize because of low USN technology maturity and using maturity. In the future, USN unmanned watch system project must be decided the application scope such as application area and starting point by evaluating technology maturity and using maturity. And when you decide application scope, you must consider not only short period goal as cost reduction, soldier decrease and guard power upgrade but also long period goal as advanced defense ability strength. You must build basic infra in advance such as light cable network, frequency allocation and power facility etc. First of all, it must get budget guarantee and driving force for USN unmanned watch system project related to defense policy. You must forwarded the USN project assuming posses of operation skill as procedure, system, standard, training in advance. Operational skill posses is come from step by step application strategy such as test phase, introduction phase, spread phase, stabilization phase and also repeated test application taking example project.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.1 s.97
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2002

The frequent occurrence of excessive phytoplankton populations in the downstream Nakdong River has been an important water quality problem in recent years. The limnological survey of the Nakdong River was conducted from January 1997 to December 1999 on once or twice per month. A typical phenomenon of eutrophication appears with the persistent algal bloom due to high nutrients in the mid-lower part of the river. This study showed that the point at which Chl. a concentration reaches maximum was affected by the water temperature and the flow rate. For example, Chl. a concentration reached maximum after around 380, 240 and 120 hours which were estimated from the time of flow at low (${\le}10^{\circ}C$), mean ($10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and high (${\ge}20^{\circ}C$) water temperature conditions, respectively. It was estimated that increase coefficients of phytoplankton (Chl. a) on the water temperature are 0.201, 0.254 and $0.289\;day^{-1}$, on the contrary, decrease coefficients are -0.012, -0.128 and $-0.193\;day^{-1}$ in low, mean and high water temperature. Therefore, to prevent formation of Chl. a maximum concentration in the specific water resource, it is necessary to increase the discharge of dam as well as to decrease.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.371-382
• /
• 2016

Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions can be detected by using numerous geochemical constituents in groundwater. However, insufficient numbers of groundwater data can often make us difficult to interpret saltwater intrusion. Probability statistics technique enables statistical prediction using a limited numbers of water quality data for a wider range and can make to effectively evaluate saltwater intrusion through a characterized distribution of probability. This study evaluated saltwater intrusion by applying probability statistics to the chemical constituents in groundwater, coastal discharge, and stream water in the coastal areas of Busan City. By the result of the study, it is proven that Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, SO₄²⁻, and Cl⁻, abundantly contained in seawater, are valuable indicators for evaluating saltwater intrusion. On the other hand, it is judged that Si⁴⁺, Fe²⁺, NO₃⁻, and PO₄³⁻, showing similar probability distribution in groundwater, coastal discharge, and stream water, are not appropriate indicators for the detection of saltwater intrusion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.581-586
• /
• 2018

Cast iron manhole lids cause environmental pollution during the manufacturing process, and the work environment is very poor. In addition, if the height of the manhole cover does not match the height of the road surface, it causes considerable inconvenience and safety problems. This study proposes a height - adjustable steel manhole cover that can replace cast iron manhole covers and easily match the road surface with the upper surface of the manhole cover. Structural analysis was performed to grasp the design variable of the structure of the manhole cover, satisfying the required quality performance. To fabricate a manhole cover that satisfies the required load capacity, the optimal design for the U-shaped reinforcement structure was made. The cylindrical shape of the height adjustment part and the low frame were formed by bending the steel sheet into a circular shape and then welding. Reinforcing bars were also made by bending a steel plate. The height adjustment groove was machined by a CNC milling machine. Four prototypes were fabricated and a load bearing test was carried out, and new manhole cover was made reflecting results of the test. In the load bearing test, there was no breakage of the welded part, and deformation occurred mainly at the contact area between the groove and gusset plate. Deformation of 1 to 2.7mm occurred due to a load of 450kN. On the other hand, after removing the load, there was almost no residual deformation, and the load bearing evaluation was judged to be satisfactory because the manhole cover could be disassembled and reassembled.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.68-80
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed the influence of the perception of physical environment on user satisfaction and park use when people use the park to improve their health. The study is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. Statistical analyses were employed to data collected from 143 visitors on site. First of all, in the perception evaluation of the physical environment of the park, accessibility and pedestrian environment are the highest at 4.04, while water space and attractions in the park as the lowest parts are at 2.32 and 2.66. After conduct factor analysis to type 22 physical environmental awareness components, five main factors--Comfort, Availability, Amenity, Facilities convenience and Visuality--were classified. Then, satisfaction and influence on park use were analyzed. As a result, the factors affecting user satisfaction were comfort, availability, amenity and facility convenience. Among them, the category of amenity was the most influential factor at 0.315. The factors affecting the park use were availability and amenity. Availability factor had a higher influence at 0.396 than amenity at 0.293. Therefore, in order to improve satisfaction and park use for health improvement, it is necessary to secure sufficient green areas and create a pleasant environment. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of walkability from homes to parks, trail improvement and other improvements.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2013

In Korea, wide spread use of whole cottonseed, which is primarily a GMO plant imported from foreign countries and being fed to animals as raw state, has aroused concern that it may disturb the existing ecology of the country unless dispersion of the seed is under proper control. The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in various nutritive parameters due to heat treatment and to determine the effective condition for removing germination ability of whole cottonseed (WCS). Of the various temperatures applied (76, 78, 80, 85, $100^{\circ}C$/30 min) $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was confirmed to be the lowest temperature treatment which resulted in a complete removal of the germination ability of WCS. Therefore, based on the determined temperature condition ($85^{\circ}C$ 30 min) we tried to examine the changes of various nutritional parameters, including nutrient composition, in vitro digestibilities and ruminal protein degradabilities, comparing raw whole cotton seed (RWCS) and heated whole cotton seed (HWCS). Some changes in amino acid composition were observed with heat treatment of WCS, but these were regarded to originate from the variation in plant quality and seed morphology, which are usually affected by different environmental factors during the vegetation period. As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed to occur during heat treatment. However, WCS heated at $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in a circulating oven showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) of in situ rumen degradability in both dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), as compared to raw WCS. Overall results obtained in the study indicate that the heating condition used in this study, which was proven to be the most appropriate and economic to remove germination ability of WCS, may also improve the nutritional value of the ruminant with regard to reducing its protein degradability within the rumen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2006

Modem drug discovery requires rapid pharmacokinetic evaluation of chemically diverse compounds for early candidate selection. This demands the development of analytical methods that offer high-throughput of samples. Naturally, liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is choice of the analytical method because of its superior sensitivity and selectivity. As a result of the short analysis time(typically 3-5min) by LC-MS/MS, sample preparation has become the rate- determining step in the whole analytical cycle. Consequently tremendous efforts are being made to speed up and automate this step. In a typical automated 96-well SPE(solid-phase extraction) procedure, plasma samples are transferred to the 96-well SPE plate, internal standard and aqueous buffer solutions are added and then vacuum is applied using the robotic liquid handling system. It takes only 20-90 min to process 96 samples by automated SPE and the analyst is physically occupied for only approximately 10 min. Recently, the ultra-high flow rate liquid chromatography (turbulent-flow chromatography)has sparked a huge interest for rapid and direct quantitation of drugs in plasma. There is no sample preparation except for sample aliquotting, internal standard addition and centrifugation. This type of analysis is achieved by using a small diameter column with a large particle size(30-5O ${\mu}$m) and a high flow rate, typically between 3-5 ml/min. Silica-based monolithic HPLC columns contain a novel chromatographic support in which the traditional particulate packing has been replaced with a single, continuous network (monolith) of pcrous silica. The main advantage of such a network is decreased backpressure due to macropores (2 ${\mu}$m) throughout the network. This allows high flow rates, and hence fast analyses that are unattainable with traditional particulate columns. The reduction of particle diameter in HPLC results in increased column efficiency. use of small particles (<2 urn), however, requires p.essu.es beyond the traditional 6,000 psi of conventional pumping devices. Instrumental development in recent years has resulted in pumping devices capable of handling the requirements of columns packed with small particles. The staggered parallel HPLC system consists of four fully independent binary HPLC pumps, a modified auto sampler, and a series of switching and selector valves all controlled by a single computer program. The system improves sample throughput without sacrificing chromatographic separation or data quality. Sample throughput can be increased nearly four-fold without requiring significant changes in current analytical procedures. The process of Bioanalytical Method Validation is required by the FDA to assess and verify the performance of a chronlatographic method prior to its application in sample analysis. The validation should address the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability of the method. This presentation will provide all overview of the work required to accomplish a full validation and show how a chromatographic method is suitable for toxirokinetic sample analysis. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed to quantitate drug levels in dog plasma will be used as an example of tile process.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.162-177
• /
• 2020

The perception of traffic environment based on various sensors in autonomous driving system has a direct relationship with driving safety. Recently, as the perception model based on deep neural network is used due to the development of machine learning/in-depth neural network technology, a the perception model training and high quality of a training dataset are required. However, there are several realistic difficulties to collect data on all situations that may occur in self-driving. The performance of the perception model may be deteriorated due to the difference between the overseas and domestic traffic environments, and data on bad weather where the sensors can not operate normally can not guarantee the qualitative part. Therefore, it is necessary to build a virtual road environment in the simulator rather than the actual road to collect the traning data. In this paper, a training dataset collection process is suggested by diversifying the weather, illumination, sensor position, type and counts of vehicles in the simulator environment that simulates the domestic road situation according to the domestic situation. In order to achieve better performance, the authors changed the domain of image to be closer to due diligence and diversified. And the performance evaluation was conducted on the test data collected in the actual road environment, and the performance was similar to that of the model learned only by the actual environmental data.