• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Green finance plays an important role in environmental protection missions and fighting climate change. The Environment Fund in Vietnam is the main channel of preferential capital offered to firms for environmental protection. Unfortunately, it was previously unknown which criteria influenced these companies' ability to obtain green financing. Using a survey method, we collected data through a structured questionnaire of 203 respondents that represent firms that had received concessional loans from 26 Environment Funds. A Multiple Linear Regression model was used to examine the determinants of access to concessional loans for environmental protection. We found relationships between age, size, ownership type, and industry sector, and access to green finance. Third-party guarantees were a significant factor in financing through Environment Funds. Moreover, we found commercial environmental projects face fewer green financing obstacles. Surprisingly, showing audited financial statements does not mitigate the information asymmetry between firms and these financial institutions. These findings suggest that Environment Funds should classify environmental project types to develop appropriate lending policies. In emerging markets, enterprises need to build a trusted relationship with financial institutions so that they can replace asset-based lending techniques, thereby increasing the firms' accessibility to green finance.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2002

낙석방지울타리의 설계는 지반의 종류 및 사면경사 그리고 상부 및 하부지반조건을 고려하여 실시된다. 도로절개면에 설치되는 낙석방지울타리는 사면으로부터 발생한 낙석을 적절히 지지하여 도로로의 유입을 차단하기 위해 설치한다. 낙석방지울타리의 구조적 규격은 가정된 낙석에너지에 의해 산정되며, 낙석방지울타리의 흡수가능에너지는 구성요소인 철망, 지주 및 와이어로프 각각의 흡수가능에너지 합으로 규정하고 있다. 그러나 현장시험결과 적은 낙석에너지로도 경우에 따라서 낙석방지울타리가 지지하지 못하는 경우도 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현행 낙석방지울타리에 대한 설계기준의 문제점을 파악하고 이를 보완하기 위한 방법을 제안하고자 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2007

In this study a stochastic approach for linear viscous dampers design adopted for seismic protection of buildings is developed. Devices optimal placement into the main structure and their mechanical parameters are attained by means of a reliability-based optimum design criterion, in which an objective function (O.F.) is minimized, subject to a stochastic constraint. The seismic input is modelled by a non stationary modulated Kanai Tajimi filtered stochastic process. Building is represented by means of a plane shear type frame model. The selected criterion for the optimization searches the minimum of the O.F., here assumed to be the cost of the seismic protection, i.e., assumed proportional to the sum of added dampings of each device. The stochastic constraint limits a suitable approximated measure of the structure failure probability, here associated to the maximum interstorey drift crossing over a given threshold limit, related, according with modern Technical Codes, to the required damage control.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2008

As high rise buildings and large span spatial structures are constructed, new composite members and construction techniques are continuously developed. Wide flange steel beam can be easily constructed but the fire proofing protection is necessary and the cost is high. Nowadays environmental pollution of structures is becoming a big issue. The material of fire proofing protection is not allowed to use for structural members in several countries because it cab be a cause of environment pollution. Composite beam is a new hybrid beam system which is not needed a fire proofing protection process. Composite beam has better construction capacity than that of RC system and has more economic advantages than that of wide flange steel beam. In this paper, structural design guide lines of composite beam were provided to apply design and construction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제28권
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• pp.13.1-13.5
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• 2013

Objectives: Potential environmental risks caused by chemicals that could be released from a recycled plastic product were assessed using a screening risk assessment procedure for chemicals in recycled products. Methods: Plastic slope protection blocks manufactured from recycled plastics were chosen as model recycled products. Ecological risks caused by four model chemicals - di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)-were assessed. Two exposure models were built for soil below the block and a hypothetic stream receiving runoff water. Based on the predicted no-effect concentrations for the selected chemicals and exposure scenarios, the allowable leaching rates from and the allowable contents in the recycled plastic blocks were also derived. Results: Environmental risks posed by slope protection blocks were much higher in the soil compartment than in the hypothetic stream. The allowable concentrations in leachate were $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$, $1.2{\times}10^{-5}$, $9.5{\times}10^{-3}$, and $5.3{\times}10^{-3}mg/L$ for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The allowable contents in the recycled products were $5.2{\times}10^{-3}$, $6.0{\times}10^{-4}$, $5.0{\times}10^{-1}$, and $2.7{\times}10^{-1}mg/kg$ for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Conclusions: A systematic ecological risk assessment approach for slope protection blocks would be useful for regulatory decisions for setting the allowable emission rates of chemical contaminants, although the method needs refinement.

• 지질공학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.253-266
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 수자원 관리와 보호를 위하여 1차적으로 연구지역에 지표유출량과 지역층 진량이 계산되어 물 수지분석이 이루어진 후, 분석된 유출량 및 층진량 계수들은 GIS를 이용하여 설계된 환경지질정보시스템(Environmental Geologic Information System : EGIS)내에서 지하수 자원 보호를 위한 GIS모델의 중요 요소로써 재처리되어 최종적으로 지하수의 광역절 오염 가능성 분석을 가능케 하였다. 이를 위하여 작성된 실 지표유출량 분석도와 광역적 지하수 오염 분석도는 수자원 관리와 보호를 위한 필수 사항들이며, 많은 양의 환경정보들이 시스템내에서 수치화, 분석 및 처리과정을 거쳐 생산되었다. 환경정보 데이타베이스구축은 본 환경지질정보 시스템을 이용하여 체계적, 조직적으로 수행되어졌으며, 금번 연구를 위하여 구현된 환경지질 정보시스템 기술은 국가의 자연 관리를 위한 기초 연구로서 활용될 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2011

Through the analyses of the distribution characteristics and management practices of the wildlife protection areas, this study intends to present basic data for improving the management of protected areas. 1) Based on the aggregate results of the protected areas, the average ratio of the metro-city and provincial areas to the designated protected areas was 1.49%; except for Chungcheongbuk-do (8.83%) and Gyeongsangnam-do (3.43%), most regions showed specified percentages of about 1%, whereby the analysis suggested that the designated protected areas were too small. 2) Considering the fact that most (86.16%) of the wildlife protection areas are in the regions that are of ecological nature level of grade 1, green nature level of grade 8 or better, and of legal conservation regions and districts, it was shown that these reserves are distributed in regions with excellent natural environmental conditions. 3) Designation of protected areas for the protection of wildlife and fish is deemed to be necessary. Although there are 588 wildlife & plant reserves, there are absolutely no designated areas for protecting plant and fish species. 4) Based on the results of an analysis of the current distribution by types, 92.47% of protected areas were concentrated in the mountains, 0.24% in the agricultural lands, and 7.29% distributed in the lakes/rivers/costal areas. 5) As major improvement projects, proposed were: advancement of management systems for protected areas, expanded designation of protected areas, overhaul of managed areas, designation of protected areas for the protection of wild plants and fish, need for management measures for private property and the surrounding areas, need to secure appropriate management personnel and collaboration, locally-adapted management, eco-information-based management, total management of protected areas, etc.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2010

Recycling is a main issue in protection of the environment and waste collection and sorting have much higher value in current recycling policies than they did previously. Waste collectors, like firefighters and policemen, are working for the public benefit, however, waste collection is more dangerous than either police or firefighting work. In the USA, waste collectors are 10 times more likely than the average worker to die on the job. Waste collectors also suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, infectious diseases and various injuries. If we truly appreciate the worth of waste collectors, we need to improve their working environment and personal hygiene. Furthermore, abolishing discrimination will be a very important step towards greater protection for waste collectors.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2000

A stack must be designed to 1) reduce or eliminate rainfall or snowfall into a industrial exhaust system, 2) minimize a resistance to flow, 3) maximize the vertical dispersion of the contaminated air and 4) minimize maintenance. The weather cone stacks and the elbow-type stacks are very popular in Korea. But they add some resistance to the exhaust system resulting in reduction of air flow rate, but also deflect the noxious contaminants downward in undiluted form. To solve these problems, ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) suggested the vertical discharge stack with concentric space between the upper stack with larger diameter and the lower stack with smaller diameter. The preliminary test showed that the vertical discharge stacks did not have the good rainfall protection. The reversed cone were newly devised to satisfy the requirements for the good stack. Subsequently, the amount of rain being penetrated through the stacks was measured while the stacks were simultaneously and naturally exposed to rain in the same area outside. Test results indicate that none of the stacks tested completely exclude rain. The efficiency of rainfall protection and the pressure loss coefficient were compared. The temporary conclusion was reached to the point that the reversed cone stack is the best one. Further research is underway.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2007

The effectiveness of the newly developed smart passive control system employing a magnetorheological (MR) damper and an electromagnetic induction (EMI) part for seismic protection of base isolated structures is numerically investigated. An EMI part in the system consists of a permanent magnet and a coil, which changes the kinetic energy of the deformation of an MR damper into the electric energy (i.e. the induced current) according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. In the smart passive control system, the damping characteristics of an MR damper are varied with the current input generated from an EMI part. Hence, it does not need any control system consisting of sensors, a controller and an external power source. This makes the system much simpler as well as more economic. To verify the efficacy of the smart passive control system, a series of numerical simulations are carried out by considering the benchmark base isolated structure control problems. The numerical simulation results show that the smart passive control system has the comparable control performance to the conventional MR damper-based semiactive control system. Therefore, the smart passive control system could be considered as one of the promising control devices for seismic protection of seismically excited base isolated structures.