• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2006

The slope information based on DEM is very useful for urban planning, landscape, road design and water resource areas such as rainfall-runoff and soil erosion estimation. The resolution of slope, which is from DEM, can be variously decided by an application fields and the kinds of modeling method. In particular, the more decreased resolution makes the more decreased slope value because of the increased horizontal distance. This study presents slope evaluation method by aggregation method based on discharge and Manning's velocity equation to advance the loss of slope information in according to the resolution, and then applied it to calculate topographic factors of soil erosion model. As a result, conventional method shows 34.8% errors but aggregation method shows 12.6% errors. This study selected up-, middle-, and downstream region in watershed and analyzed the capability of aggregation method in order to estimate the influence of topographic characteristics. As a result of estimation, aggregation method shows more advanced results than conventional method. Therefore, the slope evaluation method by aggregation method can improve efficiently the loss of slope information in according to the variation of resolution in water resource area such as rainfall-runoff model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2D
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• pp.275-286
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• 2009

As a government building transferred to the outskirts of a city, it's easy to foresee a doughnut effect from advancement process of the city. In the case of Busan city comparing different cities a doughnut effect is being advanced seriously. To the access method for a city center activation the possibility which there will be a various branch, but in this research we analyzed factors of the stagnation in the public Government building neighboring area. And then made a proposal for the city activation plan by transferring the public Government building, analyze influence to surrounding areas using factor analysis. Hence, the object of this paper is to propose a plan for the activation of existig city and evaluates it which is presented consequently. In the case of Dongrae government office, a problem of the neighboring area and condition of present were surveyed and causes of the stagnation in existing city analyzed. Consequently the important five factors were extracted as follows; 1) historical and the cultural factor, 2) factor of creating the special street, 3) urban planning factor, 4) factor of transferring government office.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to empirically examines the effects of corporate sustainable management activities(social activity, economic activity, environmental activity) on the innovation activities(managerial innovation, technical innovation) in the convergence era. To accomplish these purposes, their relationships were modeled based on the previous studies conducted in the various areas. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to the employees working at the small & medium size companies. The statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, multi regression analysis were used to evaluate the research model. The results of multi regression analysis show that all three aspects of corporate sustainable management activities have positively significant effects on the two factors of innovation. That is, if each activities of sustainable management works properly, it leads to create innovation. In addition, enterprises are needed to develop training programs or action planning that make the employees understands sustainable management well. Thus, the advanced level of corporate sustainability is expected if various sustainable management activities are performed in harmony with their innovation activities.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 2011

Effects of temperatures, relative humidity, pH, and dry periods on conidial germination of Alternaria dauci were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Conidial germination was accelerated at over 95% relative humidity in $15^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ condition. Conidial germination was rapidly reduced at 5 regardless of relative humidity conditions. More than 50% of the conidial germination were initiated within 2 h at $25^{\circ}C$ through pH 5 to 7. The highest conidial germination of A. dauci was on 0.2% of carrot leaf extract. Conidia could survive longer than 12 h, even though its germination decreased. After a 12 h dry period, around 10% of conidia revived and germinated when conidia were hydrated again. These results could be used as the useful information on conidial germination of A. dauci and ecology of Alternaria leaf blight.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.447-465
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• 2004

This paper is to analyze citizens' consciousness on urban changes, especially focusing on changes in urban environment, spatial structure, and urban planning, of large cities in S. Korea, that is, Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, and Kwangju in the 1990s. Some significant points can be described as follows. First. The most important factor influencing on the change of urban spatial structure was the expansion of residential area inner and outside of cities promoted by the traditional construction industry, and not development of high-tech industries and their complex or location of multi-national firms which can be emphasized as major factors of new urbanization process of global cities. Secondly, citizens seem to have experienced improvement and deterioration of urban environment simultaneously, emphasizing regulatory environmental policy on the one hand, and recognize the necessity of sustainable urban development within given environmental capacity and restoration of destructed and polluted environment of cities. Thirdly, the building boom of new apartment complex was a major driving force of changing urban spatial structure, but it could neither alleviate a residential gap between the poor and the rich areas nor a relief of traffic congestion. Finally, the urban policy in general was felt somewhat improved by citizens, but not in sectoral details.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2012

This paper proposes a management method for a coastal black pine forest landscape considering the parallax effect. For the study, 10 coastal black pine forests in Gangneung were investigated about the average width of the coastal forests, the average diameters, and the intervals of the pines. Categorizations were realized for the 3 types of scene(sea, field, mountain, residential area, commercial area), diameter(16cm, 22cm, 28cm) and interval(5m, 7m, 10m) to produce a total of 45 scenic simulations. An investigation was made on the scenic preferences using 45 simulation images with S.D, and Likert Scales. The results were as follows: According the comparison of scenic preferences, natural landscapes(sea, field, and mountain) ranked high among preferences, with fabricated landscapes(residential area, commercial area) ranked low. The highest scenic preferences were shown with the seascape and an interval of 7m between the trees. On the contrary, the interrelationship was very low between the visual quantity of the scenic's elements(green, sky, building, road etc.) and the scenic preferences. As the results of the factor analysis, the 3 sense factors of "Depth(78.0%)" "Diversity(l5.6%)" and "Spatiality(6.4%)" explained coastal scenic preferences. "Spatiality" showed significant differences at intervals of 5~7m, and 10m between trees. This shows coastal forest management based on the interval of 10m standard affecting scenic preference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2015

This research selected Daegu Metropolitan City representing a combination of natural space and urban space for this case study. To achieve this, a prerequisite was to set up an optimal block size to evaluate landscape diversity of the research site by using a RPR-Area Curve. Further, landscape diversity evaluation was conducted based on land cover map by using FRAGSTATS to analyze spatio-temporal changes. Notably, this research regarded it as the most significant to set forth criteria in order to apply landscape diversity to the development plans of the newtown and outskirt of a city under high pressure development. Results derived from this research are summarized as follows. According to the results derived from establishing the optimal block size, a size about $2km^2$ was analyzed to measure landscape diversity of the research site. Also, according to the results derived from land diversity evaluation based on land cover map, land diversity was highly measured around urban stream such as Nakdong River and Geumho River, and in particular, the value of landscape diversity was measured considerably high around the urban parks. Results derived from analysis on spatio-temporal changes of land diversity demonstrated that a certain level of urban development exerted a positive effect on an increase in land diversity, but consistent urban development lowered a value of landscape diversity. Results derived from regression analysis to set forth the optimal urban space showed that an urban area of a space about $2km^2$ exerted a positive effect at a rate of about 0~43.3% and a negative effect at a rate about 43.3~100%. In conclusion, the results of this research are considered to provide important basic data for future urban and landscape planning. Nonetheless, as only the layout on the 2D plane was analyzed in this research, further research in future is required to complexly consider diverse factors such as height of structure and change in visible real area arising from geographical features.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.644-657
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• 2020

As the development of urbanization has cause some environmental problems and natural disasters such as natural earthquakes and floods have brought about impact, designers have turned their attention to the independent prevention ability of urban ecosystems in face of environmental pollution and natural disasters, as well as its ability to adapt to the future. This study introduces 'elasticity theory' to discuss the practical application of elasticity design in landscapes and to solve the problem of lack of elasticity in space, which can provide more scientific reference meaning to create economic, cultural, and social values for space. After selecting 'The High Line' as the object, this paper investigates the previous theories and practical cases, and infers ecology, sustainability, diversity, and adaptability. And then this paper applies five components and analyzes the specific application of these five components of the landscape spatial elasticity strategy, and summarizes the application characteristics and influencing factors of elasticity design in 'The High Line' landscape planning. It can be known from the research that elasticity strategy which is reflected in the design process is the systematic management of landscape space. Elasticity design itself can strengthen environment quality and satisfy the requirements of the environment to defense external shocks so as to adapt to environment changes. Therefore, the elasticity design can strengthen the sustainable development of the city and establish a periodic recycle system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The residential complexes in waterfront provide the residents with pleasantness and comfort with their scenety and view in the surrounding watersides. However, it is currently true that there has little been established any designing plan utilizing the environmental characteristics of the waterfront. In this study, a survey was conducted on the residents of a Japanese waterfront. in Nishimiyahama and Lake Biwa, and conducted a comparative and analytic investigation regarding water-friendly activities, residents' consciousness of the housing environment, and reasons for the choice of residenve. From the results, we were able to obtain some suggestive points resulting from the differences of the aforementioned. We also fully comprehended that there are some issues and needs for solution for the environmental characteristics in the waterfront as well as for the damage incurred by salt breeze and insects. In addition, we realized that scenery and view toward watersides are becoming the important factors in the residents' consciousness regarding the housing environment. In case of planning housing complexes located in the waterfront, we keenly understood that "the size of a room", "ventilation", "view and daily lighting", and "securing privacy" are having effects on the residents' consciousness of their housing.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status, including the maintenance problems and removal efficiency, of small sewage treatment facilities in Chung-nam province(Asan, Buyeo, and Gongju city). Our results showed that inflow water quality of Asan city was 19.1 mg/L of BOD, 29.0 mg/L of COD, 13.4 mg/L of T-N and 1.5 mg/L of T-P, respectively, which was much higher than any other site. Among the factors known to be an important index of water quality, the SS and BOD removal efficiency was about 70% and 50% respectively. However, the nitrogen removal efficiency was less than 10%. The total removal efficiency of pollutant was 71.1% of SS, 52.6% of BOD, 46.2% of COD, 9.2% of T-P and 4.6% of T-N respectively. Therefore nitrogen removal processes are required to prevent serious eutrophication of small river. Removal efficiency for BOD and SS of high-efficient sewage treatment facilities (STFs) and contact oxidation process was much higher than another process. Performance of these sewage treatment facilities(STFs) is not optimal due to ineffective planning for the inflow water quality. To improve these facilities, it is proposed that a technical expert analysis of water quality at these facilities is periodically required.