• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.104-126
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• 2004

The recognition of the environment and its importance have generated various types of parks, such as the ecological put the environmental put and the natural academy. They are considered the connecting media for the creation of space as a new paradigm in design for the 21st century from the late 1990s, environmental designs in space planning have been created from various angles of Perspectives including restoration of the natural ecosystem and introduction of natural circulation systems. Based on the aye facts and through theoretical examination of environmental park models, this research (1) establishes the concept and the significance of environmental parte; and, based on this, classifies the types of industrial sublimity; (2) presents environmental designing principles and standards; and (3) presents the "Chung Ra pro-Environmental Park plan" based on these ideas. The following is the summary of research results: First, while existing city parks are human-oriented, interior-oriented, and shape-centered, an environmental park considers human and nature equally and gives great importance to the relationship between the internal and external of the subject. It is a mark of environmental education that considers the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the environmental park is the 21st Century′s type of an open park for creating new forms of nature, as well as for incorporating culture and values through education. In such an environmental system, nature, culture, and human beings pursue balance, harmony, and security through mutual recognition. Second, in a broad sense, the types of environmental park can be classified into Cultural Restoration, Ecological Conservation, and Environmental Replacement. Third, by selecting Chung na environmental park in Incheon, which is a filtration plant lot, as a research subject, I have presented alternative planning for environmental parte in which culture and nature coexist on the basis of environmental planning principles and standards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1996

The objectives of the study were to. 1) explain the seriousness of environmental problems and the importance of environmental education in rural development , and 2) explore more effective and efficient ways of environmental education for agriculture and rural development in Korea. The world has rapidly changed and concepts such as clientele -centered, efficiency, and globalization are flowing under this change. Agriculture or rural development is not an exception. In order for agriculture as an occupation and rural communities to have competitiveness in efficiency and attractiveness, it is important to develop and execute a well-planned program for agriculture and rural development. Otherwise, farmers and rural inhabitants will continue to leave the agriculture and rural areas. Frequent recent reports of newspapers on nit and water pollution, including nutrients and pesticides have brought attention to the seriousness of environmental problems in Korea. Environmental concerns should consider in planning and executing the rural development program. People want to get contamination-free foods, water and fresh air. They can and are willing to pay their money for high quality food, water and a better living environment, as their incomes have been increasing, Agriculture and rural communities may have competitiveness in these aspects. It is irony that environmental concerns makes the possibility of changes in agriculture and rural development in Korea. Environmental education will have an increasingly important role in agriculture and rural development. Environmental problems relate to the human behavior in various aspects. Many environmental problems are mainly rooted to people's ignorance and spending-habits, and lack of technology related to environment. These human behaviors are the focus that environmental education should teach and change. Environmental education has been carried out through various subjects in school education in Korea, but "Environment" in middle school and "Environmental Science" in high school were separated as a regular subject from 1996. Environmental education still has a lot of room for development from a theoretical frame work. Environmental education should be carried out as action-oriented, student-centered programs. Various teaching materials, programs and proper supporting budget should be developed so that environmental education fulfills its necessary role well in agriculture and rural development. A textbook about the environment alone will not guarantee a high quality environmental education.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.46-54
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• 2018

In the 21st century, the Earth has continued its efforts to reduce carbon emissions to overcome the crisis caused by climate change. The construction industry, which is a representative industry that produces large amounts of the environmental load during construction, should actively reduce the amount of the environmental load. From the planning stage of the construction facility, it is necessary to consider the environmental load such as route selection and structure type selection to reduce the environmental load. However, the environmental load can be estimated based on the input resource amount. However, in the planning stage, it is difficult to accurately calculate the environmental load due to lack of information on the construction amount. The purpose of this study is to select the environmental load factors for IPC girder bridges to be used in the environmental load estimation model in the planning stage. Specific information related to the environmental load was selected from a list of information available in the planning stage, reflecting the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), correlation, principal components analysis and expert opinion. The list of selected planning stage information is 10 such as span length and bridge extension, and it is expected to be used as a basic data for the future development of environmental load estimation model.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 1997

Pusan has experienced some different paths of urbanization and industrialization compared to other cities. and has faced the problem of over-saturation In enoronmental capacity. Pusan needs to fond out sustainable development strategies based on Agenda 21 by UNCED In 1992 to secure urban renewal. Therefore. Pusan's sustainable development strategies focus on the 1)research on envlronmental capacity and reasonable population accommodation 2)supp1y of basic enoronmental facilities for the human settlement 3)protection and efficient management of environmental pollution 4)saving and control of energy and other resources S)independent and stable euecution of plan based on biological relation 6)harmony between nature and urban spatial organization. In addition. these policies can be suggested along with the conclusions; First, ostablishment of green plan-muddle and long term environmental goals Included In the urban planning to reduce enoronmental deterioration and pollution. Second, computation of sustalnability Indeu the Index Is necessary to sustainable urban development, which is related with green GNP of the national level. Third, capacity estimation of nature and social environment-estimation of enoronmental capacity to the civilized area is required become an ecopolis, and is required to focus on the western area of Pusan which has high decree of potentiality.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.381-396
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• 2010

It is essential to consider strategies, spatial planning, and reflection of sustainability for the creation of sound urban spaces. To this end, there is a need for plans that can secure better sustainability through strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of plans. This study examined the literature and available precedent to develop a SEA model for administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans. In the course of development of the model, environmental issues associated with the urban plans were analyzed by classifying them into ten categories, including "spatial planning," "conservation planning," "greenbelt systems," "habitats." and etc. according to their rank. Furthermore, those issues were reflected on the development of environmental evaluation indices for the plans. Overall and detailed environmental indices that can be applied to the administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans were devised for five stages: (1) Establishment of development goals and strategy, (2) Analysis of current status and characteristics, (3) Conceptualization of spatial structure, (4) Planning for each department, and (5) Execution and management. Sub plans are more detailed and concrete. Criteria based on the evaluation indices, when performing evaluations on plans based on each environmental assessment index in reference to experts and the literature, were used to forecast their effects, i.e. whether they had a positive, negative, or no effect or relationship, or whether their effects was uncertain. Based on the forecasts, this study then presents means to establish more improvable plans. Furthermore, by synthesis of the effects according to each index and integration of the process, plans were analyzed overall. This study reflects the characteristics of the present time period based on issues in the SEA process and techniques in upper level administrative plans being newly established, and presents them according to the stage of each plan. Furthermore, by forecasting the effect of plans by stage, this study presents proposals for improvement, and in this aspect, can be meaningful in promoting plan improvements through SEA.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.109-121
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the perceptions of stakeholders in environmental conflicts. The private rental housing project in Busan Sasang-gu Jurye 3 District, which took place in 2017 is one of many cases of environmental conflicts between developers and local residents. The case is considered as a typical failure of collaborative governance that has consequently caused negative impacts to both local residents and government. To understand why local residents could not come to consensus even though the majority of them were against the development project, we analyzed residents' perceptions and subjective opinions towards environmental conflicts. This study adopted 'Q methodology' to investigate human subjectivity. The results showed three distinguished types of subjectivity structures. Each type was named as 'collaborative governance advocates', 'public administration distrusters', and 'current local government supporters' based on their characteristics. Participants in all three types showed opposition to environmental damages that can be caused by the private rental housing development, but they revealed different perspectives on the importance of public participation and institutional responsibility in the process of decision-making. This study makes better understand what makes it difficult to build collaborative governance as a means of overcoming environmental conflicts.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.617-628
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• 2022

In this study, the land market in Eastern District of Gyeongseong is examined using land price data in the 1920's. For the study, land information in 1927 is constructed as a DB, and a map in 1929 is constructed as a GIS file to realize digitalization of historical data. As a result of the study, it is confirmed that spatial autocorrelation exists, and through spatial econometrics analysis, some factors affecting the modern land market are also valid at that time. The results show that land use and road accessibility have a positive effect on the land market, while the proximity of anchor facilities and educational facilities have a negative effect. This study is meaningful in that it has moved on to a research topic that has been insufficient until now by examining whether the factors operating in the land market in the 21st century are also valid in the land market in the 1920's.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

This paper discussed plurality in urban governance in Nigeria and its implication on delivery of urban environmental services, with a focus on water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal. Conceptually, it explained urban governance as the sum total of the ways of achieving an inclusive city and expressed the urban governance system of Nigeria based the legal framework set for them. The paper explored the environmental implications of urban governance in Nigeria. It concluded that urban governance has several implications on delivery of urban environmental services in Nigeria. The dualism in urban governance is a factor contributing towards inefficient delivery of environmental services such as water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper recommended, among others, a constitutional reform that will guarantee efficient urban governance and delivery of environmental services in Nigeria.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

Purpose: As declines in the quality of residential environments occur, such as urban heat island effect, tropical night phenomenon, and violations of right to light and privacy due to urban densification and high rise building, these problems are emerging as social issues. In order to improve these issues, design factors which consider environmental aspects must be selected when planning apartment complexes, and ways to reflect them in the planning phase must be explored. Method: In this study, the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) was used to deduce design factors that considered environmental elements during the planning of apartment complexes. Furthermore, the priority and weight for each evaluation index were assessed. The objective was to propose a guideline for planning apartment complexes by finding the best solution for each evaluation index using complex weight values. Result: Floor area ratio was selected as the most important evaluation criterion in the environmentally conscious evaluation index for apartment complex planning. The shape and placement of skylights were selected as the most important evaluation criteria in the sunshine environment for a pleasant residential environment. Ground surface cover design was selected as the most important criterion in the outdoor thermal environment index for improving the microclimate within cities and apartment complexes. Thus, the results of this study can serve as an investigation guideline that concerns policy and regulations, and as reference data that can be used in planning apartment complexes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1995

The national park should be preserved in accordance with the regulation, but the development planning or facilities management planning has not been faithful to the spirits of the regulation. Recently natural environment has been radically changed, and especially damaged by large scale development of Service Facilities Zone. Thus the effective land use planning of the national park is required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the alternative site for The Second Service Facilities Zone in Mt. Kyeryong National Park using the GIS, and to compare the alternative site with the existing development site. Site selection was based on Rules of Combination which covers topographic analysis, viewshod analysis, distance analysis from hot spring well, land use analysis, and forest stand analysis.