• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2023

The worldwide effects of COVID-19 have led to a surge in online shopping and contactless services. The consumption pattern has caused the issues such as the environmental pollution together with the increase of plastic waste. Reducing the reliance on the petroleum based plastic use for the package and replacing it with environmentally friendly material are the simple ways in order to solve those problems. Paper is an eco-friendly product with high recyclability as the food packaging materials but has still poor barrier properties. A barrier coating on surface of the paper can be achieved with the proper packaging materials featuring water, gas and grease barrier. Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) coatings which are generally laminated or coated to paper are widely used in food packaging applications to protect products from moisture and provide water or grease resistance. However, recycling of packaging containing PE or PP matrix is limited and costly because those films are difficult to degrade in the environment. This study investigated the recyclability of modified acrylic emulsion coating papers compared to PE and PP polymer matrixes as well as their mechanical and gas barrier properties. The results showed that PE or modified acrylic emulsion coated papers had better mechanical properties compared to the uncoated paper as a control. PE or PP coating papers showed strong oil resistance property, achieving a kit rating of 12. Those papers also had a significantly higher percentage of screen reject during the recycling process than modified acrylic coated paper which had a screen rejection rate of 6.25%. In addition an uncoated paper had similar value of a screen rejection rate. It may suggest that modified acrylic emulsion coating paper can be more easily recycled than PE or PP coating papers. The overall results of the study found that modified acrylic emulsion coating paper would be a viable alternative to suggest a possible solution to an environmental problem as well as enhancing the weak mechanical and poor gas barrier properties of the paper against moisture.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.661-674
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• 2009

Recently, there has been much research and many attempts to enhance converged information technology services using new technology such as ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) in medical, environmental, industrial, and logistic areas. There has also been much research and various attempts to apply this new technology to agricultural areas. However, applications to the agricultural areas should be considered differently against the same areas such as medical, environmental, industrial, and logistics. Therefore, this paper suggests that an agricultural cultivating management and traceability system. This system is a unified system that supports the processes sowing seeds through selling agricultural products to consumers. Farmers can be provided with an effective calendar for cultivation and weather information in real time as well as the monitoring of the growth of farm products on the farm in real time using this system. Farmers can also control all equipment installed on the farm directly or remotely and the equipment can be controlled automatically when the measured values such as temperature and humidity deviate from the decent criteria which are set by farmers or this system. Additionally, the reliability for and the better quality of the agricultural products can be improved because farmers can use this unified system to cover all processes from sowing seeds to selling to consumers.

• Maritime Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.151-184
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• 2021

Global warming due to climate change is one of the biggest challenges in the 21st century. Global warming is not only a disaster that threatens the global ecosystem but also an opportunity to reduce logistics costs and develop mineral resources by commercializing Arctic routes. The Arctic paradox, in which ecological and environmental threats and new economic opportunities coexist, is expected to have a profound impact on the global environment. As the glaciers disappear, routes through the Arctic Ocean without passing through the Suez and Panama Canals emerged as the 'third route.' This can reduce the distance of existing routes by 30%. Global warming has also brought about changes in the geopolitical paradigm. As Arctic ice begins to melt, the Arctic is no longer a 'constant' but is emerging as the largest geopolitical 'variable' in the 21st century. Accordingly, the Arctic, which was recognized as a 'space of peace and cooperation' in the post-Cold War era, is now facing a new strategic environment in which military and security aspects are emphasized. After the Cold War, the Arctic used to be a place for cooperation centered on environmental protection, but it is once again changing into a stage of competition and confrontation between superpowers, heralding 'Cold War 2.0.' The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strategic value of the Arctic Ocean from geopolitical and geoeconomic perspectives and derive strategic implications by analyzing the dynamics of the New Cold War taking place in the Arctic region.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between the economic, environmental and social activities of sustainable supply chains and the customer satisfaction and customer retention rate, which are the final results in the supplier's operational performance and the buyer's market performance. The survey was conducted on employees in charge of supply chain management, purchasing company, partner company, and logistics management in the company. The final 193 valid data were analyzed to verify the research hypothesis. The results of the study showed that the economic and social activities of the sustainable supply chain had a positive effect on the supplier performance and the purchaser performance, but environmental activities had a negative effect on the supplier performance. In addition, the purchasing company performance has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and customer retention rate. This study provides a theoretical basis for sustainable supply chain activities to affect the operating performance of suppliers and the market performance of buyers, and suggests implications for enhancing the competitiveness of companies through the performance creation process that affects customer performance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

Proper packaging design can meet both the environmental and economic aspects of packaging materials by reducing the use of packaging materials, waste generation, material costs, and logistics costs. Finite element analysis(FEM) is used as a useful tool in various fields such as structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid motion, and electromagnetic field, but its application in the field of packaging is still insufficient. Therefore, the application of FEM to the field of packaging can save the cost and time in the future research because it is possible to design the package by computer simulation, and it is possible to reduce the packaging waste and logistics cost through proper packaging design. Therefore, this study investigated the FEM papers published in Korea for the purpose of helping research design using FEM program in the field of packaging in the future. In this paper, we analyzed the 29 papers that were directly related to the analysis of FEM papers published in domestic journals from 1991 to 2017. As a result, we analyzed the research topic, FEM program, and analysis method using each paper, and presented the direction that can be applied in future packaging field. When the FEM is applied to the packaging field, it is possible to change the structure and reduce the thickness through the stress and vibration analysis applied to the packaging material, thereby reducing the cost by improving the mechanical strength and reducing the amount of the packaging material. Therefore, in the field of packaging research in the future, if the FEM is performed together, economical and reasonable packaging design will be possible.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2013

IMO(International Maritime Organization) is existed the movement for revising ISM Code so that the maintenance history and the trouble information given trading in a ship can be transferred. An empirical analysis was made on the influence that will have upon shipping industry through surveying on the recognition on ISM Code revision in employees of the relevant field and on the expected problems given being amended ISM Code as the above. In conclusion, the positive effect is judged to be more in the aspect of ship safety, which is the aim of ISM Code, rather than the negative effect, which may take place given being revised ISM Code. In other words, the clean market can be formed through this because fairness is maintained on both sides given trading in a ship by which opening the maintenance record and the trouble history is applied equally to a buyer and a seller. Ships can be reduced a loss of time and cost in preventing similar problems and seeking solution that may appear in important equipments, through this maintenance record. Also, based on these materials, it comes to be available for analyzing a risk of ship and preventing and managing a risk, thereby being increased ability of maintenance and repair in a ship, resulting in being judged to likely contributing to ship safety and environmental-pollution prevention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.640-647
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• 2018

Many harbor structures have been constructed, and some structures are now under construction in Korea, which is a peninsular state and a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Expansions and extensions of existing harbors are also being planned to meet increasing natural disaster threats. Wave-dissipation concrete blocks are recycled or discarded based on the personal experience of engineers only, and there are no safety checks or criteria. To check the safety of used blocks, material evaluations were done by visual inspection of blocks on the ground and under water and from 20 non-destructive measurements of the rebound hardness test and 3 concrete core samples. Wave-dissipation blocks are sometimes fully or partially damaged in the process of transferring and mounting them or during construction. Therefore, a safety check is essential for recycling blocks with an evaluation of materials while considering the construction phases. To do this, a block was modeled with a 3D finite element method using ADINA, and impact analyses were done according to the transfer, mounting, and construction phases. From the results of the impact analyses and material evaluation, the safety checks and reasonable evaluation of used blocks were examined, and detailed construction methods are proposed. The methods are expected to maximize the reuse of used wave-dissipation blocks from an economical point of view.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.119-134
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• 2013

Korea has established the MOMAF (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries) in 1996 while only a few countries have adopted the unified management system for the area of maritime, oceans and fisheries affairs. The Ministry has been broken up to three parts of maritime affairs, oceans and fisheries and allocated to each related ministries in 2008, and reorganized as the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries including maritime affairs in 2013. However, the newly established MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) has been evaluated as simply duplicated the former organization so as not to meet the oceanic environmental changes. This paper aims to suggest the appropriated organizational reinforcements measures on the basis of analysis of questionnaire survey which has been conducted targeting experts such as academic researchers and industry field players in the area of oceans, maritime and fisheries. The survey pointed out mainly five scopes such as (1) transferring the administrative task of shipbuilding and plant industries from the existing Ministry to the MOF, (2) reinforcing the structural functions of maritime, port construction and logistics affairs, (3) collaboration system with related Ministries for the ocean sovereignty, (4) securing the financial support system for the maritime industries, (5) transferring the management authority of maritime and ocean universities from the existing Ministry to the MOF. Looking back on the interministerial interest conflicts, it is very difficult to agree on the transfer of the existing task of above first and fifth suggestions. But the remain three suggestions could be done with interior abilities of the MOF by means of structural changes and professional manpower supplement.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Purpose - The Korean child welfare services may have different feelings between providers and users. Few studies on the child welfare service quality have been conducted and research on the coorientation model of child welfare services are nonexistent. We compared the perceptions of Korean child welfare service providers and users in this study. It will have many applications in the service quality fields by applying a coorientation model. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to enhance user satisfaction with child welfare services, around 200 samples were carried out both in Busan and Kyungsangnamdo randomly. Seven point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. Two measurements were made to evaluate the different positions on the part of child welfare service providers and users to assess their mutual orientation. Paired t-test verification was conducted for congruency analysis, and the verification of agreement and accuracy was analyzed by independent t-tests. Results - We empirically examined the differences between the providers and the users stance. The results are as follows. We have verified the statistical significance of the difference in perception between providers and users. We also confirmed a degree of agreement, a degree of congruency, a degree of accuracy and a degree of meta agreement in the study. In the Korean child welfare service quality, the coorientation model of process quality appeared in the form of semi-dissensus, the coorientation model of results quality were shown in the form of ignorances and the coorientation model of physical environment quality were investigated in the form of semi-dissensus. Conclusion - The study concluded that users need to understand more about the providers in order to enhance the coorientation model in process quality and physical environmental quality, and the providers need to persuade the users clearly about the positive factors. To enhance the coorientation model of the result quality, it can be misunderstood by guessing that the other party will positively evaluate it. Therefore, users believe that they need to talk more clearly to the provider about the results of the korean child welfare service quality to reduce misunderstandings and to understand each other about the resulting quality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1251-1259
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• 2014

This study presents the linkage method combining the existing Port Management Information System (PORT-MIS) DB with the scattered vessel activity data sets including the hotelling and maneuvering characteristics and specification information of the vessels arriving and departing from the port of Busan from January 2009 to June 2010. By linking the data sets, this study made three types of vessel activity databases: L-PORT-MIS DB with low-level vessel activities, M-PORT-MIS DB with medium-level vessel activities such as hotelling time, H-PORT-MIS DB with high-level vessel activities such as hotelling time, engine power, etc. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimation results show that total GHG emissions decreases when the detailed vessel activities are employed. This decrease in the total GHG emissions by the level of vessel activities implies that the GHG emissions from the low and medium level vessel activities are overestimated due to the aggregated hotelling/maneuvering times and speeds resulting from the past vessel specifications. Therefore, the GHG emissions using the H-PORT-MIS DB are more reliable GHG emission estimates in that the vessel specifications and the observed hotelling time of each vessel are employed in the estimation process. Hence, the high-level vessel activity dataset should be constructed to implement more suitable countermeasures for reducing the GHG emissions in the port of Busan.