• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-128
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• 2002

The Ministerial Declaration of the 4th WTO Ministerial Meeting at Doha in November 2001 announced the launch of the New Round and a completion date of January 1st, 2005. It agreed to eventually negotiate trade and environment linkage issues, such as the relationship between the WTO rules and Multilateral Environment Agreements and the reduction or elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental goods and services. The Committee on Trade and Environment was instructed to pursue work on all items on its agenda within the current terms of reference and to give particular attention to the effects of environmental measures on market access, relevant provisions of the TRTPS Agreement, and labelling requirements for environmental purposes. This means that far the first time, the members of the WTO will discuss and negotiate trade and environment linkage in the framework of multilateral trade negotiation. Korea, from the standpoint of a smaller open economy heavily dependent on international trade, is obliged to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment agenda in the Doha declaration. This study examined the linkage among environment, economic growth and international trade in order to review the possible trade and environment policy implications in Korea. Mutual supportiveness of trade and environment depends much on the effectiveness of trade and environment policy coordination. In this regard, we conclude that the Korean government should provide an appropriate institutional framework to promote closer cooperation among policy makers engaged in negotiations. Trade and environment policy review and environmental impact assessment of trade negotiation should be considered as a work programme of this institutional policy coordination framework.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.25-45
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• 2009

The e-Trade environment has enabled the complex trade processes to be automated using e-Trade information systems, which had been manually processed through many trade-related parties in the past. Korea has completed the development of the most advanced e-Trade platform called "u-Trade Hub," which can process automatically all the trade-related activities from marketing to payment. It is anticipated for the world trade environment to have more FTAs throughout the world and this will complicate the trade processes more and more in the future. This means the constant cost-bearing updates of the e-Trade environment to adapt the process changes brought by new FTAs with other countries. In this paper, we propose the systematic approach to easily as well as less costly adapt the possible trade process changes resulted from the future FTAs by adopting a rule base management system. The prototype system to test the applicability of the proposed approach is developed using Win-Prolog 4.8 environment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-22
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• 2008

As information technology has a great impacts on contemporary business environment, global electronic trade is becoming a new paradigm in international trade transaction. The internet provides a fundamentally different environment for international marketing and trade, it also requires a different approach to international business. Now it is unrealistic to apply the same marketing strategies under global environment without making some modifications to be appropriate to the electronic edge. This paper attempts to investigate what kinds of factors influence the level of electronic trade utilization and performance, and suggests some strategies for usage of electronic trade for small-medium enterprises in Korea. According to the results of this research, the usage of electronic trade by small-medium enterprises is fundamentally important for the diffusion of electronic trade. Therefore it is suggested that the government needs to support small-medium enterprises by financing them to have system for electronic trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.153-169
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to review the major issues of between electronic trade and Ubiquitous computing. The rapidly developed environment by ubiquitous computing make the paradigm form e-trade to u-trade. This Article suggests an a-trade performance framework based on both field and literatures surveys. We propose some research subjects as well as practical implications for improving the performance of global c-trade under ubiquitous.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.381-396
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental and labor issues and related norms, which are new trade issues that are expanding in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, and examine the possible impact of these norms on domestic fisheries policies. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, literature research was used as the main research methods. The comparative analysis of international norms and multilateral trade agreements texts related to the environment, labor and trade were conducted. Findings - The new trade norms in the fisheries sector can be represented by labor and environment issues. Since domestic environmental and labor standards do not fully meet the standards of the multilateral trade agreements, it is necessary to ensure that domestic norms are supplemented and relevant policies are newly established through a review of international law on environment and labor. Research implications or Originality - This study confirmed that international norms related to labor and environment in the fisheries sector are mixed with soft norms and binding norms, and each norm is linked in a multi-layered and mutual way. Such international norms are being strengthened in connection with trade agreements and issues.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.74
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• pp.125-150
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• 2017

Environment protection is one of the important political goals along with trade liberalization. Some of the institutions associated with it, however, either hinder trade or exert distorted influence and can arouse trade conflicts eventually. Therefore, harmony between environment protection and trade policy is becoming a crucial issue nowadays. Among the policies for environment, those related to climatic change are regarded as major tasks to deal with in the world commonly. Saying that it is for environment protection, advanced countries impose fines for environment protection on developing countries through border tax adjustments about the items imported from them. However, there is no such agreement about it internationally, so disputes often arise regarding what extent is appropriate as countries cope with it differently in their own way. Disputes about measures for climatic change are highly influential economically, and due to the severe conflicts of interests between states, they often tend to become politicized. Accordingly, we can say that such disputes affect international trade based on the WTO system seriously. When it comes to negotiation for climatic change, we should establish international systems urgently which can work fairly and effectively for all the countries joining in it. Therefore, it is important to examine the treatment of trade restriction measures intended to solve climatic change in international negotiations and establish definite conditions about which measures are allowed and which are not. In conclusion, we should devise rules for environment protection internationally which all the countries in the world can accept and agree on and also make the definite criteria of interpretation as well. Also, through those trade regulations, we should be able to accomplish environment protection globally and at the same time produce synergy, that is, economic growth through trading.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.71
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• pp.217-243
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• 2016

As the rapid development of IT and the internet changed the trading method from the traditional offline transaction into the online e-Trading, the international documentation standards, the eUCP and the domestic laws and legislations have been established, adapting to the new e-Trading environment. This study was conducted to analyze the factors which affect the use of uTradeHub on the domestic trading companies and trade-related organizations and suggest how to activate e-Trading. To do this, classify the users into the enterprises and the trade-related organizations, set up the hypothesis of the study with the measurement variables of the user convenience, the new service, the system suitability and the legislation environment and carry out a survey targeting the trading companies and the trade-related offices to do an actual proof analysis. The analysis was performed by using the statistical program, SPSS IBM22.0, and the study hypothesis was tested by the multiple regression analysis methodology. The test result showed that the trading companies set a high value on the user convenience, the new service and the legislation environment of uTradeHub, meanwhile the trade-related organizations regarded the system security and reliability, the user convenience and the legislation environment as the major affecting factor on the use of uTradeHub.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-114
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• 2008

It is said that global business education in Korea must be a kind of good investment on the future of Korea, because Korea's degree of dependence upon global trade is very high. But, despite great significance of trade in economic aspect, education system on global business in Korea still remains in old paradigm focused mainly on trade in goods. The purpose of this paper is to analyse key environment of trade in Korea relating to global business education system, and to suggest some trade-friendly measures to improve the global economic environment being worse. Methodology used in this study depends on descriptive analysis by literature study. As all the paradigm of global business has shifted from 20C's trade environment to that of 21C's and still more borderless trend has progressed, it is high time Korea to design the new education system of global business to conform with the trade mode of Korea, and to execute the mode of strategic trade which is new conception of trade strategy derived from Web 2.0 trend. Major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : It is suggested that Korea should convert basic composition of trade strategy to strategic trade irrespective of company size, nationality, public or private sector, etc., and launch new instructional model considering the trade 2.0 concepts. Also, Korea's trade policies which have been based on 'trade in goods' should be changed to the frame of strategic trade so that can include various trade process such as trade in services, trade in technology, cultural contents, global investment(TRIMs), TRIPS, etc.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.45-63
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify methods to effectively train experts in trade. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the relevant literature was analyzed. Three experts from each of academia, the private sector and the government sector were interviewed. The study results found that the problems of cultivating trade experts were quantitative and qualitative mismatches, the disparity with the field, and the lack of government support for training trade experts, etc. Methods for fostering trade experts were suggested to resolve these mismatches, to secure a budget for training trade experts, to establish a body or council for coordination, to develop a trade expert roadmap, to introduce a program for certificated trade expert, and to improve the quality of education for trade experts.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

According to the recent expansion of Trade Shows within the government's policy in exhibition industry, studies about the trade shows needs to be focused more on the attendees related to the environment. In most of the researches related to this topic until now had been biased in terms of economic benefits and the standpoint of organizers. Considering that this study is to improve environment of Trade Shows from an attendees' point of view as an attempt to apply the concept of Service Design which is the activity of planning and organizing people, infrastructure, communication and material components of a service. It is about the idea of bringing service design principles to services in Trade Shows. Good design process brings in a good understanding of the context : understanding the environment and redefining problems from the standpoint of attendees, in order to improve its quality, the interaction between service provider and attendees and the attendees' experience.