• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.180-193
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• 1997

This study was designed to set up more developed curriculum in Nursing department of a junior college. The sample for the study were fifteen curriculums of fifteen selected junior colleges in Seoul and Kyunggi area. The credits and hours of each curriculum were analyzed into means and compared with the one of the example college. The data were categorized into seven sections; cultural subject, basic medical science, major subjects such as Nursing, Fundamental Nursing, electives, teaching and non-teaching subjects, and clinical practice. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. The results of the study were as follows; 1. Credit hours of Cultural subjects of each college ranges from $5.8\%\;to\;25.7\%$ of the total graduate credit hours; most commonaly lectured subjects are English 05 colleges), Korean (11 colleges), psychology (10 colleges), and computer (10 colleges). 2. In the case of the example college, Anatomy and Psychology were jointed as one subject, Basic Nursing Science, and some more study in depth should be made to develop more of this type of conjunction among related subjects on basic medical science. 3. As for the mendatory subjects of the example college, subjects on Adult Nursing was fourteen credits (14 hours), which was higher than the average 12.9 hours of other colleges compared. 4. Credit hours of Basic Nursing Laboratory were eight to ten credits (12-18 hours), which was higher than actual class hours. As more and more hospitals test clinical aptitude when recruiting nurses, more emphasis should be paid to the clinical practice. 5. Among fifteen sample curriculums six to twelve electives were offered with twelve to twenty-three credits. Most commonly opened subjects were Physical Examination (5), Nursing English (14). and Geriatrics Nursing (13). Nursing English are considered to be more important in the view of clinical practice. and Oriental Nursing, Nursing Information and Health Insurance Management should be considered as specialized subjects. 6. Teaching and Non-teaching subjects In case of the example school. Clinical Emergency Medicine, Introduction to Emergency Medicine were offered for these non-teaching class students so they could prepare for the qualification examination. 7. Clinical Practice The average credit hours for clinical practice of the sample college were 20.9 credit hours $(66.5\%)$ and the example school offered twenty credit hours which was slightly lower than the other forteen.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.203-235
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• 2013

The goal of this paper is to test the findings about English-speaking children's acquisition of inflectional morphemes in the literature using a large-scale database. For this, we obtained a 4.7-million-word corpus from the CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System) database, and analyzed 1,630 British and American children's uses of English derivational morphemes up to age 7. We analyzed the type and token frequencies, type per token ratio (TTR), and the lexical diversity (D) for such inflectional morphemes as the present progressive -ing, the past tense -(e)d, the comparative and superlative -er/est with reference to children's nationality and age groups. To sum up our findings, the correlations between the D value and children's age varied from morpheme to morpheme; e.g. we found no correlation for -ing, a marginal correlation for -ed, and a strong correlation for -er/-est. Our findings are consistent with Brown's (1973) classical observation that children learn progressive forms earlier than the past tense marker. In addition, overgeneralization errors were frequently found for -ed, but rarely for -ing, showing a U-shaped developmental pattern at ages 2-3. Finally, American children showed higher D scores than British children, which showed that American children used inflectional morphemes for more word types compared with British children. The present study has its significance in testing the earlier findings in the literature by setting up well-defined methodology for analyzing the entire CHILDES database.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

An analysis of emotional English utterances with 7 emotions (calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgust, surprised) was conducted using the measurement of prosodic distance between 672 emotional and 48 neutral utterances. Applying the technique proposed in the automatic evaluation model of English pronunciation to the present study on emotional utterances, Euclidean distance measurement of 3 prosodic elements such as F0, intensity and duration extracted from emotional and neutral utterances was utilized. This paper, furthermore, extended the analytical methods to include Euclidean distance normalization, z-score and z-score normalization resulting in 4 groups of measurement schemes (sqrF0, sqrINT, sqrDUR; norsqrF0, norsqrINT, norsqrDUR; sqrzF0, sqrzINT, sqrzDUR; norsqrzF0, norsqrzINT, norsqrzDUR). All of the results from perceptual analysis and acoustical analysis of emotional utteances consistently indicated the greater effectiveness of norsqrF0, norsqrINT and norsqrDUR, among 4 groups of measurement schemes, which normalized the Euclidean measurement. The greatest acoustical change of prosodic information influenced by emotion was shown in the values of F0 followed by duration and intensity in descending order according to the effect size based on the estimation of distance between emotional utterances and neutral counterparts. Tukey Post Hoc test revealed 4 homogeneous subsets (calm

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.426-436
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore the role of models and reformulations as feedback to English writing in L2 learners' noticing and their writing. 92 participants were placed into three groups; a models group (MG), a reformulations group (RG), a control group (CG), involved in a three-stage writing task. In stage 1, they were asked to perform a 1st draft of writing, while taking notes on the problems they experienced. In stage 2, the MG was asked to compare their writing with a model text and the RG with a reformulated version of it. They were instructed to write down whatever they noticed in their comparison. The CG was asked to just read their writing. In stage 3, all the participants attempted subsequent revisions. The results indicated that all the participants noticed problematic linguistic features the most in a lexical category, and models and reformulations led to higher rate of noticing the problematic linguistic features reported in stage 1 and contributed to subsequent revisions. It was also revealed that the MG and RG significantly improved with their writings of MG and RG on the post-writing test. The findings imply that models and reformulations result in better performance in L2 writing and should be promoted in an English writing class.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 1996

Nursing Diagnosis has evolved in the guest to define nursing and its functions. But for the application to clinical practice an unified system of terminology that helps nurses to assess selected data and identify potential or actual client problems is required. Consistent terminology that captures the real meanings of the nursing diagnosis makes oral and written communication more accurate and efficient. Therefore,' this study was performed to deliver a Korean-translated version of the nursing diagnoses through the process of content validity tests and translations. Data collection for the first content validity test was done from June 27, 1996 to August 1. 1996. Among 20 questionnaires only 16 were used for analysis. With the results of content validity, the list of 109 nursing diagnoses were reviewed by two linguists, one specialized in Korean and the other in English. To clear confusion on a diagnostic label "Incontinence" a urology specialist was invited for consultation. From this analysis and discussions a total of 98 nursing diagnoses was delivered and quesitons containing 98. 98 diagnoses were mailed to 741 subjects to test content validity from August 13, 1996 to October 7, 1996. Among 741 questionnaires, 343 were used for analysis. Total mean score of the diagnoses was 4.30 on the 5 point likert scale. The diagnoses that acquired less than 3.50 were "High risk for altered body temperature"(3.34), "Ineffective thermoregulation" (3.34), "Perceived cosntipation"(3.24). "Stress incontinence"(3.42), "Ineffective airway clearance"(3. 48), "Altered sexuality patterns"(3.35).

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.669-680
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• 2012

Noise removal of document images is a necessary step during preprocessing to recognize characters effectively because it has influences greatly on processing speed and performance for character recognition. We have considered using the spatial filters such as traditional mean filters and Gaussian filters, and wavelet transformed based methods for noise deduction in natural images. However, these methods are not effective for the noise removal of document images. In this paper, we present noise removal of document images using support vector regression. The proposed approach consists of two steps which are SVR training step and SVR test step. We construct an optimal prediction model using grid search with cross-validation in SVR training step, and then apply it to noisy images to remove noises in test step. We evaluate our SVR based method both quantitatively and qualitatively for noise removal in Korean, English and Chinese character documents, and compare it to some existing methods. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is more effective and can get satisfactory removal results.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.195-214
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of interaction among learners in a Web Based Collaboration Learning (WBCL) environment. 254 Korean college students served as test subjects and during the 4 weeks of research period, they studied the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) in a web-based collaborative learning system. The interaction between learners was looked into by categorizing the concept into task oriented information sharing activities and relationship oriented communication activities and analyzing the causal relationship between the two activities. Learning performances were measured in individual level. The results are as follows. First, task oriented information sharing activities effect positively on relationship oriented information sharing activities. Second, the managerial characteristics of WBCL had a positive effect on interaction between learners but the systematic characteristics had partial influence on interaction between learners. Third, the interaction between learners completely interconnects the managerial characteristics of WBCL and learning performance but partially interconnects the systematic characteristic of WBCL and learning performance. In conclusion, this study implies that managerial and systematic characteristics of WBCL should be considered on the preferential basis for the WBCL to become successful and interactive activities such as information sharing and communication should be encouraged to be active from a small-size WBCL perspective.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1172-1183
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the recognition of the curriculum experts on 2015 integrated liberal arts and natural sciences curriculum revision. Research method is a delphi survey and the subjects are curriculum experts. The research results are as follows. Firstly, experts suggested common education for all students and students' opportunities to choose subjects. Secondly, the direction of curriculum revision was different by school level. The elementary school needs to foster convergence thinking. The middle school needs to educate common basic literacy education and the high school needs both the common education and the free choice of subjects by students. Thirdly, the separation of the liberal arts and natural sciences was caused by the separate thinking of custom, tradition and study and the separate exam application on liberal arts and natural science of college scholastic ability test. The solution about separation problem of liberal arts and natural sciences have been proposed to improve mathematics education and teachers' convergence education competency. Lastly, for the establishment of an 2015, integrated curriculum the reduction of the CSAT test area and the introduction of qualifying examination for English were required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.525-536
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the Turkish adaptation of the COVID Stress Scale (CSS) on the basis of determining the stress caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to test its validity and reliability. Methods: The English CSS was translated into Turkish using forward and backward translation. Data were collected online from 360 participants. Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and content validity. Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and test-retest methods were used to evaluate reliability. Results: The Turkish version of the CSS has 36 items consistent with the original scale and has five factors: COVID danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences of COVID, COVID xenophobia, traumatic stress due to COVID, and compulsive checking for COVID. The construct validity of the Turkish version of the CSS was verified by the adjusted goodness of fit index > .85, and comparative fit index > .95. The content validity index of each item was 91%. The corrected item-total correlations of the scale ranged from .51 to .89. Internal consistency was reliable, with a Cronbach's α of .93. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the CSS is valid and reliable. It can be used as a measurement tool for the assessment of COVID-related stress.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Purpose: The study analyzes the impact of attitudes toward food influencers on consumer purchase intention. It also aims to identify factors affecting consumers' attitudes toward food influencers. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the responses collected from 500 randomly selected consumers, the study analyzes the relationship based on the factors of influencer marketing. The authors test the conceptual model using multivariate linear regression analysis after validating the internal consistency of the data using Cronbach's Alpha reliability test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: The study finds that purchase intention is positively correlated and significantly impacted by the attitude towards influencer. The study further finds that attitude towards influencer is positively correlated and significantly impacted by source attractiveness, product match up, and source familiarity. However, source credibility is found to be an insignificant construct impacting attitude towards influencer. Conclusions: The study gives a guided solution to marketers and brand practitioners about the importance of influencer marketing in the food industry and its effectiveness in generating purchase intention. The present paper bridges a gap pertaining to antecedents and factors that impact attitudes toward food influencers and consumer purchase intention. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to investigate the impact of attitudes toward influencers on purchase intention in the food industry.