• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2010

This study examines the use of hedges in cross-cultural communication between EFL learners in an e-learning environment. The study analyzes the use of hedges in a corpus of an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. It compares the use of hedges in the students' corpus to that of a native English speakers' corpus. The result shows that EFL learners tend to use relatively smaller number of hedges than the native speakers in terms of the frequencies of the total tokens. It further reveals that the learners' overuse of a single versatile high-frequency hedging item, I think, results in relative underuse of other hedging devices. This indicates that due to their small repertoire of hedges, EFL learners' overuse of a limited number of hedging items may cause their speech or writing to become less competent. Based on the result and interviews with the learners, the study also argues that hedging should be understood in its social contexts and should not be understood just as a lack of conviction or a mark of low proficiency. Suggestions were made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language difficulties and helping them develop communicative and pragmatic competence.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2004

The scores of TOEFL, TOEIC and TEPS have been increasingly used for many purposes in Korea In particular, these test scores are being used as a measure of the test-takers' overall communicative competence. Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted that investigate the validity of the test scores used for this purpose. As a preliminary step to explore the validity of the test scores, we conducted a small scale study by comparing 30 university students' scores in TOEFL, TOElC and TEPS with their class performances in English conversation and composition courses. The correlations between the test scores and the grade point averages of the courses show that the test scores are much harder to use as a valid measure of test-takers' overall communicative competence than usually thought to be and that the score in TOEFL is, nonetheless, a more reliable measure than the ones in the other tests. Although tins study has a few limitations such as the small number of participants, the homogeneity of the sample as a group, etc, it provides some insight into the use of the three tests for measurement of overall communicative proficiency and suggests need for conducting further validation studies in these areas.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2017

These days voice models of speech recognition software are sophisticated enough to process the natural speech of people without any previous training. However, not much research has reported on the use of speech recognition tools in the field of pronunciation education. This paper examined Google speech recognition of a short English paragraph produced by Korean college students in clear and casual speech styles in order to diagnose and resolve students' pronunciation problems. Thirty three Korean college students participated in the recording of the English paragraph. The Google soundwriter was employed to collect data on the word recognition rates of the paragraph. Results showed that the total word recognition rate was 73% with a standard deviation of 11.5%. The word recognition rate of clear speech was around 77.3% while that of casual speech amounted to 68.7%. The reasons for the low recognition rate of casual speech were attributed to both individual pronunciation errors and the software itself as shown in its fricative recognition. Various distributions of unrecognized words were observed depending on each participant and proficiency groups. From the results, the author concludes that the speech recognition software is useful to diagnose each individual or group's pronunciation problems. Further studies on progressive improvements of learners' erroneous pronunciations would be desirable.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2019

This study examines the voice onset times (VOTs) of Korean stops produced by Korean learners of English with high language proficiency and long L2 exposure (i.e., Korean-English bilinguals) to assess whether the VOTs of their lax and aspirated stops are merging and, if so, which types of stops are being changed. Thirteen Korean speakers (six female and seven male) who had studied in the USA for more than three to ten years participated. The results show that the speakers in this study with long L2 exposure are participating in the VOT merger, in which VOTs for aspirated stops are reduced while those for lax stops are increased. In other words, change in VOT affects not only aspirated stops but also lax stops. The results indicate that L1 phonetic drift may not be primarily affected by the amount of L2 exposure, and language contact may not be the primary factor triggering a sound change in the Korean stop system. Further study is necessary focusing on the phonetic shift of the "lax" category because it may play a pivotal role in a tonogenetic-like sound change in present-day Korean.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.154-155
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• 2023

선원의 훈련, 자격증명 및 당직근무의 기준에 관한 국제협약(STCW)은 상선에 당직사관으로 승선하기 위하여 갖추어야 할 요건을 명시하고 있다. 해사영어 활용능력은 STCW에서 중요하게 다루어지는 자격요건 중 하나로, 각 국가 담당 기관은 국내외 규정에 적합한 해사영어 교육을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 예비 해기사 대상 영어능력 배경설문조사를 시행하여 해사영어학습 및 활용능력과 연관성 있는 개인 요인들을 분석하였다. 나아가 표준해사영어(SMCP) 학습 플랫폼 활용 실험을 통해 성적향상 정도를 측정하고 그 효과성을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 해기교육에서의 해사영어 자동채점 플랫폼 적용 가능성을 조사하였으며 향후 해사영어 교육 외에 그 범위를 넓혀 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.261-280
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• 2009

This study focuses on providing the pedagogical implications of stress in English pronunciation teaching since stress is one the most important characteristic factors in English pronunciation (Bolinger, 1976; Brown, 1994; Celce-Murcia, Brinton & Goodwin, 1996; Kreidler, 1989). The author investigated stress production regarding in terms of duration, pitch, and intensity by a group of native speakers of English and a group of low-proficiency South Kyungsang Korean college students for their pre-test. For both of the pre- and post-test, the same stimuli, which consisted of a one-syllable word, two two-syllable words, three three-syllable words, and three four-syllable words, were used along with the various sentence positions: isolation, initial, medial, and final. Soft ware programs, ALVIN and Praat, were used to record and analyze the data. Since Celce-Murcia et al. (1996), Klatt (1975), and Ladefoged (2001) treat duration of the stressed syllable more significantly than other factors, pitch and intensity, with respect to the listener's point of view, the author developed a special method of teaching English stress using a traditional Korean drum to emphasize duration. In addition, the results from the native speakers' production showed that their main strategy to realize stress was through lengthening stressed syllables. After six weeks of stress instruction using the drum, the production of the native speakers and the SK Korean participants from the pre- and post-test were compared. The results from the post-test indicated that the participants showed great improvement not only in duration but also in pitch after the stress instruction. Pitch improvement was unexpected but well-explained by the statement that long vowels receive accent in loan word adaptation in North Kyungsang Korean. The results also showed that the Korean participants' pitch values became more even in their duration values for each syllable as the structure of the word or the sentence became more complex, due to their dependency upon their L1.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.332-344
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 어휘 숙달도에 따라 짝을 세 가지 유형으로 구성하고 짝과 상호작용하면서 어휘 과제를 하는 것이 우연적인 어휘 습득에 미치는 효과의 차이를 가져오는지를 알아보았다. 본 연구에 참여한 대학생 46명은 상대적인 어휘 숙달도에 따라 상상(n=14), 상하(n=18), 하하(n=14) 등의 세 집단으로 나뉘었다. 우선 참여자들은 사전 어휘 지식을 측정하는 시험을 보았고, 짝과 함께 3주 동안 어휘 과제를 실시한 후 짝의 구성 유형이 어휘 습득에 미친 영향에 어떤 차이가 나는지를 알아보기 위해 수용적 및 산출적 어휘 지식을 평가하는 사후 시험을 보았다. 2주 후에는 실험 처치 효과의 지속 여부를 파악하기 위해 지연된 사후 시험이 시행되었다. 숙달도가 높은 학생들이 짝 활동을 통해 더 많은 학습 효과를 보았다는 선행 연구와 달리, 본 연구에서는 두 참여자의 어휘 숙달도가 같은 상상 집단 혹은 하하 집단보다 어휘 숙달도가 서로 다른 참여자가 짝을 이룬 상하 집단의 성취도가 전반적으로 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 협력적인 짝 활동은 상하 집단에 속한 상위 구성원뿐만 아니라 하위 학생들의 어휘 습득에도 효과가 있었고 이런 결과들을 종합하여 교육적인 시사점도 논의되었다.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항공운항학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.121-126
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• 2015

국제민간항공기구는 항공안전을 도모하는 차원에서 ICAO 항공영어제도(ICAO LPRs)의 국제 표준을 제정하였다. 이에 따라 우리나라는 2005년 11월 8일 항공법을 개정하여 항공영어능력증명시험(EPTA)을 만들었다. 본 연구는 항공영어제도의 문제점을 분석하고 개선하는데 목적이 있다. 조사는 우리 항공영어제도와 해외사례를 비교하고 문제점을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 우리 항공영어제도와 ICAO 항공영어제도, 다른 나라 항공영어제도 사이에 차이점들이 나타나고 개선이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 개선은 직무연관성을 보강하는 방향으로 문항개선과 등급제도 개선 방안 등을 제시하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2009

This study was conducted in search of the acceptance level of air traffic services from domestic airlines pilot's perspective in comparison with male controllers and female controllers. Pilots responded to the questionnaire that female ATC controllers are of significance to male controllers in terms of pronunciation, accuracy of English grammar, attitude and kindness. Besides, The ICAO aviation English proficiency level four test revealed that female controllers were found superior to male controllers in terms of rating scales of holistic descriptors.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2002

Linguistically, 'Focus' is the element which includes new or unpresupposed information. It is usually signalled by prosodic prominence called the 'pitch accent'. The purpose of this study is to observe the realization of the focal accent in VP-ellipsis, especially, to affect the meaning recovery of elided VP. Asher (1999) gave evidence that focal stress should be on the higher verb and the AUX in order to recover the elided VP to the lower one. In this paper, the systematic patterning of focal accent to decide the elided meaning in VP-ellipsis is to be observed. The realization of focal accent by English native speakers is set as the criteria for the meaning recovery of the elided VP and is compared to Koreans'. Moreover, the focal accents of Koreans are observed and compared with respect to their English proficiency levels.