• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.762-767
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• 2016

디젤엔진은 다른 엔진과 비교했을 때 열효율이 높고 다양한 연료를 사용할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만, 대기오염을 유발하는 배기배출물이 발생한다는 단점도 가지고 있다. 따라서 전 세계적으로 디젤엔진을 사용하는 승용차 및 상용차, 선박 등에 대한 국제규정인 EU Euro 6, IMO MEPC Tier 3 및 US EPA Tier 4 등의 대기환경오염법이 더욱 엄격해져가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경유를 사용하는 발전용 4행정 디젤엔진을 실험 대상으로 하였으며, 유용성 Ca계 유기금속화합물을 경유에 투입하여 실험 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. Ryu et al. 논문에서는 2행정 디젤엔진에 연료첨가제를 적용했던 연구결과를 발표하였다. 본 논문에서는 4행정 디젤엔진에 연료첨가제를 투입하여 엔진의 성능 및 배기배출물 개선에 대해서 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 2행정과 4행정 디젤엔진 모두에 연료첨가제를 적용하여 그 결과를 고찰해 볼 수 있었으며 유용성 Ca계 유기금속화합물 연료첨가제가 디젤엔진의 성능(연료소비율, 배기온도) 및 배기배출물(질소 산화물, 일산화탄소)을 개선시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

Bunker C is used in heavy-lift ships, furnaces, and boilers for generating heat, and power. Bunker C has only four regulations for quality standards and is rarely inspected in Korea. For these reasons, other oils such as used lubricant oil are commonly blended with Bunker C. This illegal mixture of fuel can damage the boilers, engines and affect the environment adversely. In this study, we investigate the fuel properties and perform atomic analysis of illegal Bunker C blended with used lube oil. The test results show that higher quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C have higher flash points, total acid numbers, copper corruption, solid contamination, and metal components. Further, increasing quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C cause lower viscosity, sulfur, and V content. However, adequate sample (approximately 1 L) is needed to evaluate presence of adulterants in Bunker C, we attempted the SIMDIST analysis. In the SIMDIST chromatogram, the used engine oils are detected for longer retention times than Bunker C owing to the high boiling point. We also quantitatively analyzed the lube oil content using SIMDIST.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

최근 국제 원유가의 폭등으로 선박의 연료비 부담이 상대적으로 가중되고 있으며, 또한 연료의 연소과정에서 발생하는 온실가스에 대한 국제적 규제 움직임도 가속되고 있다. 이와 같은 상황에서, 온실가스의 배출을 최소화하면서 연료소모량을 줄이기 위해 많은 선사들이 감속운항을 취하고 있으며, 선박용 엔진 개발 분야에서는 엔진의 연료 효율성 개선 문제와 대체에너지 사용 분야에 주력하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 실제 해상에서의 선속대비 연료소모량을 계측하고, 건조과정에서 실시된 육상 엔진실험 자료와 2007~2009년까지의 AB-LOG를 분석하여, 특정 외력조건에서의 대상선박에 대한 연료소모량을 고려한 최적의 속력을 14~15노트, 주기관의 RPM을 140~150 RPM으로 제안하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.744-752
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• 2007

Recently a fuel oil of the diesel engine in the ship is being changed with low quality as the oil price is higher more and more. Therefore the wear and corrosion in all parts of the engine like cylinder liner ring groove of piston crown, spindle and seat ring of exhaust valve are increased with using of heavy oil of low quality In particular the degree of wear and corrosion in between valve spindle and seat ring are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine due to operating in severe environment such as the high temperature of exhaust gas and repeating impact. Thus the repair weld to the valve spindle and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve in an economical point of view In this study. corrosion property of both weld metal zone and base metal was investigated with some electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and polarization resistance etc. in 5% $H_2SO_4$ solution. in the case of being welded with some welding methods and welding materials to the exhaust valve specimen as the base metal. In all cases. the values of hardness of the weld metal zone were more high than that of the base metal. And their corrosion resistance were also superior to the base metal. The weld metal of A2F(AC SMAW: 2 pass welding with foreign electrode) showed a relatively good results to the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness compared to the ether welding methods and welding materials. Moreover it indicated that hardness of the weld metal by the domestic electrode was considerably high compared to that of the foreign electrode.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2010

Recently a fuel oil of the diesel engine of the marine ship is being changed with heavy oil of low quality as the oil price is higher more and more. Therefore the wear and corrosion in all parts of the engine such as cylinder liner, piston crown, spindle and seat ring of exhaust valves are predominantly increased. In particular the degree of wear and corrosion of piston crown is more seriously compared to the other parts of the engine due to operating in severe environment such as the high temperature of exhaust gas and repeating impact. Thus the repair weldment of the piston crown is a unique method to prolong the its life in a economical point of view. In this case, filler metals having a high corrosion and wear resistance such as stellite 6, Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 are mainly being used for repair welding. However it has been often happened that piston crown on the ship,s job site is being actually inevitably welded with mild filler metals. Therefore in this study, filler metals such as E4301, E4313 and E4316 were welded at SS401 steel as the base metal, and corrosion property of their weld metals in the case of post weld heat treatment or not was investigated with some electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and polarization resistance etc. in 0.1% $H_2SO_4$ solution. Corrosion resistance of the weld metal of E4301 was better than the other weld metals in the case of no heat treatment, however, its resistance was considerably decreased with post weld heat treatment(annealing:$625^{\circ}C$, 2 hr) compared to other weld metals. The weld metals of E4313 and E4316 showed a relatively good corrosion resistance by post weld heat treatment.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2006

Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape(SAEFL, BUWAL). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investigations of particle emissions of different 2-stroke scooters with direct injection and with carburetor were performed. The nanoparticulate emissions with different lube oils and fuels were measured by means of SMPS, (CPC) and NanoMet. Also the particle mass emission(PM) was measured with the same method as for Diesel engines. It can be stated, that the oil and fuel quality have a considerable influence on the particle emissions, which are mainly oil condensates. The engine technology influences the (nano)particle emissions by: mixture preparation, mixture tuning, oil consumption, postoxidation, quality, condition and temperature of the catalyst. Since the particulate emission of the 2-S consists mainly of lube oil condensates the minimization of oil consumption stays always an important goal.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2010

Hybrid Electronic Vehicle (HEV) is one of the solutions of high oil price and environment problem. Recently, study of HEV is important for automobile industry. However HEV has a lot of components and there are many cases for assembling, it's impossible to test results from assembling by using real vehicles. To solve this problem, hybrid system simulator is required. The purpose of this study is to develop and optimize of engine module for hybrid system simulator. The commercial 1-D engine simulation program, WAVE is used to get the engine capacity and performance data and 1-D simulation model of base engine is compared with engine experiment results. Using the data, the engine module is developed based on the MATLAB Simulink. There are blocks of base engine, Single-CVVT engine and Dual-CVVT engine. The effect of acceleration and deceleration is applied to each engine block. In addition, the control and processing logics for CIS technology are developed. Finally the simulator operates FTP-72 mode test.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2009

Recently, the interest in the development of high efficiency Diesel engine technology using alternative fuel has been on the rise and related studies are being performed. Therefore, the DME(Dimethyl Ether), an oxygen containing fuel as an alternative fuel for light oil that can be used for diesel engines since it generates very little smoke. But it is unavoidable that the modification of a fuel supply system in an engine to application of the DME fuel because of DME fuel properties. So, in this study, a DME high pressure pump for a common-rail fuel supply system has been composed and the test results of the pump have been presented. As the results of the tests, it is confirmed that DME pump inlet pressure, pump speed and common-rail pressure effects on the volumetric efficiencies of the pump. Finally, it is defined that the optimum plunger volume of a DME pump has to be extended to the minimum 150% compared to a Diesel pump plunger volume considering DME fuel properties and volumetric efficiencies characteristics at same specifications of the high pressure pump.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권6_2호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2020

IMO(International Maritime Organization) continues to strengthen environmental regulations on exhaust gases such as CO2, NOx, SOx. As for sulfur oxides, from 1 January 2020, all ships on international voyages must use fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% or less. Or, it is obligatory to use an exhaust gas treatment device that has the same effect. Shipping companies are using low-sulfur oil, replacing them with LNG fuel, or installing scrubbers that suppress sulfur oxide emissions. In the case of ships using bunker C oil, the load on the engine is lower when entering and departing, so the exhaust gas pressure is lowered and the scrubber cannot be properly utilized. Therefore, diesel oil with low sulfur content is used when entering and leaving the coast. When diesel oil is used, exhaust gas is directly discharged through the control system and piping system, and when bunker C oil is used, sulfur oxides are reduced by scrubbers through other control systems and piping systems to discharge exhaust gas. Accordingly, a company has developed a system called a three-way damper valve that can control exhaust gas emissions while integrating these two control systems and piping systems into one. In this study, the control characteristics of the integrated exhaust gas control system and structural safety against external loads in a high-temperature exhaust gas environment were reviewed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2013

Because increased food delivery service and quick delivery service using motorcycle, registration numbers of motorcycles were sharply increased and it could contribute on worsening air quality. In this study, two models(50cc, 125cc) of motorcycle were tested by using three types of engine oil. Two motorcycles were tested with CVS-40 mode for emission characteristics such as CO, THC, NOx, Elemental Carbon(EC), Organic Carbon(OC), sulfate, soot and SOF(soluble organic fraction). Result of according to three types of lubricants which included phosphorus, sulfate ash impacted to particle matters so "C" lubricants is more higher PM than "A", "B" lubricants in this research.