Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9725/kts.2018.34.5.191

Analysis of Illegally Mixed Used Lube Oil in Bunker C  

Lim, Young-Kwan (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Lee, Jae-Min (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Kim, Wan-Sik (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Lee, Jeong-Min (Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority)
Publication Information
Tribology and Lubricants / v.34, no.5, 2018 , pp. 191-196 More about this Journal
Abstract
Bunker C is used in heavy-lift ships, furnaces, and boilers for generating heat, and power. Bunker C has only four regulations for quality standards and is rarely inspected in Korea. For these reasons, other oils such as used lubricant oil are commonly blended with Bunker C. This illegal mixture of fuel can damage the boilers, engines and affect the environment adversely. In this study, we investigate the fuel properties and perform atomic analysis of illegal Bunker C blended with used lube oil. The test results show that higher quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C have higher flash points, total acid numbers, copper corruption, solid contamination, and metal components. Further, increasing quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C cause lower viscosity, sulfur, and V content. However, adequate sample (approximately 1 L) is needed to evaluate presence of adulterants in Bunker C, we attempted the SIMDIST analysis. In the SIMDIST chromatogram, the used engine oils are detected for longer retention times than Bunker C owing to the high boiling point. We also quantitatively analyzed the lube oil content using SIMDIST.
Keywords
bunker C; used lube oil; illegal mixing; SIMDIST;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Korea petroleum association (http://www.petroleum.or.kr).
2 Alaei, M., Bazmi, M., Rashidi, A., Rahimi, A., "Heavy crude oil upgrading using homogeneous nanocatalyst", J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., Vol. 158, pp. 47-55, 2017.   DOI
3 Rahman, M., Pudasainee, D., Gupta, R., "Review on chemical upgrading of coal: Production processes, potential applications and recent developments", Fuel Process. Technol., Vol. 158, pp. 35-56, 2017.   DOI
4 Business act for quality standard, inspection method and inspection fee of petroleum product, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, 2016-20. http://humannuri.com/detail.php?number=26234&thread=24r03.
5 Giannakouros, D. V., "Technical aspects of identifying and managing bunker problems", Karlimbassieris Maritime, November 2012.
6 KS M ISO 2719, "Determination of flash point-Pensky-Martens closed cup method".
7 ASTM D 445, "Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids and calculation of dynamic viscosity".
8 KS M ISO 9030, "Crude petroleum-determination of water and sediment Standard test method for apparent viscosity of engine oils between -5 and $-35^{\circ}C$ using the cold-cranking simulator".
9 DIN EN 12662, "Liquid petroleum products-Determination of contamination in middle distillates".
10 KS M ISO 8754, "Petroleum products-Determination of sulfur content-Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry".
11 KS M ISO 6618, "Petroleum products and lubricants-Determination of acid or base number-Colour indicator titration method".
12 KS M ISO 2160, "Petroleum products-Corrosiveness to copper-Copper strip test".
13 Lee, J. M., Lim, Y. K., Jung, C. S., Kim, Y. E., Han, K. W., Na, B. K., "The study on performance of characteristics in engine oil by vehicle driving", J. Energy Eng., Vol. 22, pp. 1-8, 2013.   DOI
14 ASTM D 2887, "Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography".
15 Rauckyte, T., Hargreaves, D. J., Pawlak, Z., "Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges", Fuel, Vol. 85, pp. 481-485, 2006.   DOI
16 Xiao, H., Liu, S., "2D nanomaterials as lubricant additive: A review", Mater. Des., Vol. 135, pp. 319-332, 2017.
17 Choi, C. S., Oh, K. J., Lee, W. H., Kang, W. K., "A study on the recovery of vanadium from the fuel oil ash", Hwahak Kongwak, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 153-152, 1980.