• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.3 s.303
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

PLC is the most widely utilized among many sorts of existing controller for the design of process control system, and study about a PLC language is performed actively. In this paper, we proposed the method that we increase an output points when increased of the output machine which is going to control it in the FA design that used PLC. Output point is going to be extended with 2-3 points in the state that cannot equip output unit in basic base any more. Then an extension base, a power supply, an extension cable and an output unit must be equipped particularly. Then a cost must be added very much. This paper propose the method which extended an output in a small quantity. We designed the expansion unit that received the points of output unit and decoded the signal and the program module that finally extended output points by encoding and decoding, and we confirmed his feasibility through a experiment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1038-1045
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• 2017

The increase in frequency and scale of natural disasters is the typical negative examples of the global climate change and the change of the human living environment. The damage caused by natural disasters in particular including human and physical damage is directly linked to the safety and properties of citizens. Besides, damage occurs directly or indirectly to the SOC facility, and the damaged SOC facility violates the citizens' safety rights. Therefore, a plan to provide prompt and effective risk map information by linking a 3D disaster information display system, which handles the information of the damage that may occur to SOC facilities at the time of disasters, with an on-site assistance application is suggested in this study. The prompt provision of risk map information is defined as a dynamic expression technology in this study. It also processes and compresses the system to display disaster information, a spreading system that can utilize on-site information, and a module developed to organically link with the DB system that builds information and relationships. Based on the module, the effective disaster information compression plan will be prepared, and the prompt information transmission system will be secured.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.764-770
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• 2006

Dihydrochalcomycin (GERI-155), produced by Streptomyces sp. KCTC-0041BP isolated from Korean soil, is a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic consisting of two deoxysugar moieties at C-5 and C-20 positions of a branched lactone ring. The cloning and sequencing of a gene cluster for dihydrochalcomycin biosynthesis revealed a 63-kb nucleotide region containing 25 open reading frames (ORFs). The products of all of these 25 ORFs playa role in dihydrochalcomycin biosynthesis and self-resistance against the compounds synthesized. At the core of this cluster lies a 39.6-kb polyketide synthase (PKS) region encoding eight modules in five giant multifunctional protein-coding genes (gerSI-SV). The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of deoxysugar moieties, D-chalcose and D-mycinose, and their modification and attachment were found on either side of this PKS region. The involvement of this gene cluster in dihydrochalcomycin biosynthesis was confirmed by disruption of the dehydratase (DH) domain in module 3 of the PKS gene and by metabolite analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.405-414
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• 2007

This paper describes a preliminary work on prosody modeling aspect of a text-to-speech system for Thai. Specifically, the model is designed to predict symbolic markers from text (i.e., prosodic phrase boundaries, accent, and intonation boundaries), and then using these markers to generate pitch, intensity, and durational patterns for the synthesis module of the system. In this paper, a novel method for annotating the prosodic structure of Thai sentences based on dependency representation of syntax is presented. The goal of the annotation process is to predict from text the rhythm of the input sentence when spoken according to its intended meaning. The encoding of the prosodic structure is established by minimizing speech disrhythmy while maintaining the congruency with syntax. That is, each word in the sentence is assigned a prosodic feature called strength dynamic which is based on the dependency representation of syntax. The strength dynamics assigned are then used to obtain rhythmic groupings in terms of a phonological unit called foot. Finally, the foot structure is used to predict the durational pattern of the input sentence. The aforementioned process has been tested on a set of ambiguous sentences, which represents various structural ambiguities involving five types of compounds in Thai.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1795-1816
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• 2024

A Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs) architecture is firstly proposed to address the issues of inflexible architecture strategies and low scalability of traditional WSNs in this article. The SDWSNs architecture involves the design of a software-defined sensor network model and a customized controller architecture, along with an analysis of the functionalities of each management module within the controller architecture. Secondly, to tackle limited energy problem of sensor nodes, a network coding opportunistic routing method (SDN-COR) is presented based on SDWSNs. This method incorporates considerations of coding opportunities, vertical distance, and remaining energy of nodes to design a metric for encoding opportunistic routing. By combining opportunistic forwarding mechanisms, candidate forwarding sets are selected and sorted based on priority to prioritize data transmission by higher-priority nodes. Simulation results indicate that, comparing with conventional methods, this approach achieves reduction in energy consumption by an average of 21.5%, improves network throughput by 24%, and extends network lifetime by 20%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.66-76
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• 2009

The motion estimation in video encoding system occupies the biggest part. So, we require the motion estimator with efficient structure for real-time operation. And for motion estimator's implementation, it is desired to design hardware module of an exclusive use that perform the encoding process at high speed. This paper proposes motion estimation detection block(MED), 41 SADs(Sum of Absolute Difference) calculation block, minimum SAD calculation and motion vector generation block based on parallel processing. The parallel processing can reduce effectively the amount of the operation. The minimum SAD calculation and MED block uses the pre-computation technique for reducing switching activity of the input signal. It results in high-speed operation. The MED and 41 SADs calculation blocks are composed of adder tree which causes the problem of critical path. So, the structure of adder tree has changed the most commonly used ripple carry adder(RCA) with carry skip adder(CSA). It enables adder tree to operate at high speed. In addition, as we enabled to easily control key variables such as control signal of search range from the outside, the efficiency of hardware structure increased. Simulation and FPGA verification results show that the delay of MED block generating the critical path at the motion estimator is reduced about 19.89% than the conventional strukcture.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.141-153
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• 2016

The increase in frequency and scale of natural disasters is the typical negative examples of the global climate change and the change of the human living environment in cities. The damage caused by natural disasters in particular including human and physical damage is directly linked to the safety and properties of citizens. Besides, the damage may occur to SOC facilities directly or indirectly. The SOC facilities damaged by disasters cause infringement of citizens safety rights. Therefore, a plan to provide prompt and effective risk map information by linking a 3D disaster information display system, which handles the information of the damage that may occur to SOC facilities such as bridges, beams, and dams at the time of disasters, with an on-site assistance application is suggested in this study. The prompt provision of risk map information is defined as a dynamic expression technology in this study. Also, disaster information is processed and compressed with a module developed to be linked organically to a system that displays disaster information, a proliferation system that can use the information on site, and a DB system that constructs a relationship with the information. Based on the module, the effective disaster information compression plan will be prepared, and the prompt information transmission system will be secured in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new bit assignment scheme for Wyner-Ziv video coding. Distributed video coding (DVC) is a new video coding paradigm which enables greatly low complexity encoding because it does not have any motion prediction module at encoder. Therefore, it is very well suited for many applications such as video communication, video surveillance, extremely low power consumption video coding, and other portable applications. Theoretically, the Wyner-Ziv video coding is proved to achieve the same rate-distortion (RD) performance comparable to that of the joint video coding. However, its RD performance has much gap compared to MC-DCT-based video coding such as H.264/AVC. Moreover, Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv (TDWZ) video coding which is a kind of DVC with transform module has difficulty of exact bit assignment because the entire image is treated as a same message. In this paper, we propose a feasible bit assignment algorithm using adaptive quantization matrix selection for the TDWZ video coding. The proposed method can calculate suitable bit amount for each region using the local characteristics of image. Simulation results show that the proposed method can enhance coding performance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

Small area and low power implementation are important requirements for various multimedia processing hardware, especially for mobile environment. This paper presents a hardware architecture of H.264/AVC Intra Prediction module aiming on small area and low power. A single arithmetic unit was shared and processed sequentially for all mode decisions and computations to predict an image frame. As a result, we could get smaller area and smaller memory size compared to other existing implementations. The proposed architecture was verified using the Altera Excalibur device, and the implemented hardware has been described in Verilog-HDL and synthesized on Samsung STD130 0.18um CMOS Standard Cell Library using Synopsys Design Compiler. The synthesis result was about 11.9K logic gates and 1078 byte internal SRAM and the maximum operating frequency was 107Mhz. It consumes 879,617 clocks to process one QCIF frame, which means it can process 121.5 QCIF$(176\times144)$ frames per second, therefore it shows that it can be used for real time H.264/AVC encoding of various multimedia applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

A $\beta$-agarase gene, agaB34, was functionally cloned from the genomic DNA of a marine bacterium, Agarivorans albus YKW-34. The open reading frame of agaB34 consisted of 1,362 bp encoding 453 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence, consisting of a typical N-terminal signal peptide followed by a catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH-16) and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), showed 37-86% identity to those of agarases belonging to family GH-16. The recombinant enzyme (rAgaB34) with a molecular mass of 49 kDa was produced extracellularly using Escherichia coli $DH5{\alpha}$ as a host. The purified rAgaB34 was a $\beta$-agarase yielding neoagarotetraose (NA4) as the main product. It acted on neoagarohexaose to produce NA4 and neoagarobiose, but it could not further degrade NA4. The maximal activity of rAgaB34 was observed at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. It was stable over pH 5.0-9.0 and at temperatures up to $50^{\circ}C$. Its specific activity and $k_{cat}/K_m$ value for agarose were 242 U/mg and $1.7{\times}10^6/sM$, respectively. The activity of rAgaB34 was not affected by metal ions commonly existing in seawater. It was resistant to chelating reagents (EDTA, EGTA), reducing reagents (DTT, $\beta$-mercaptoethanol), and denaturing reagents (SDS and urea). The E. coli cell harboring the pUC18-derived agarase expression vector was able to efficiently excrete agarase into the culture medium. Hence, this expression system might be used to express secretory proteins.