• 제목/요약/키워드: Encapsulated media

검색결과 27건 처리시간 0.021초

액중 전기선 폭발법을 이용한 Fe3O4/Fe/그래핀 나노복합체 분말의 제조 및 전기화학적 특성 (Fabrication of Fe3O4/Fe/Graphene nanocomposite powder by Electrical Wire Explosion in Liquid Media and its Electrochemical Properties)

  • 김유영;최지습;이회진;조권구
    • 한국분말재료학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.308-314
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    • 2017
  • $Fe_3O_4$/Fe/graphene nanocomposite powder is synthesized by electrical wire explosion of Fe wire and dispersed graphene in deionized water at room temperature. The structural and electrochemical characteristics of the powder are characterized by the field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanometric discharge-charge method. For comparison, $Fe_3O_4$/Fe nanocomposites are fabricated under the same conditions. The $Fe_3O_4$/Fe nanocomposite particles, around 15-30 nm in size, are highly encapsulated in a graphene matrix. The $Fe_3O_4$/Fe/graphene nanocomposite powder exhibits a high initial charge specific capacity of 878 mA/g and a high capacity retention of 91% (798 mA/g) after 50 cycles. The good electrochemical performance of the $Fe_3O_4$/Fe/graphene nanocomposite powder is clearly established by comparison of the results with those obtained for $Fe_3O_4$/Fe nanocomposite powder and is attributed to alleviation of volume change, good distribution of electrode active materials, and improved electrical conductivity upon the addition of graphene.

BCNU 함유 PLGA 웨이퍼의 제조와 생체외 방출거동 (Preparation of BCNU-loaded PLGA Wafers and In Vitro Release Behavior)

  • 성하수;문대식;강길선;이정식;이해방
    • 폴리머
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.128-138
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    • 2002
  • 종양부위 또는 종양을 수술로 제거한 부위에 직접 이식하여 항암제를 투여함으로써 종양 또는 종양재발을 억제하는 악성뇌종양치료에 이용하기 위한 국소서방성 항암제제로서 항암제 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, Carmustine)가 함유된 poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, 락타이드와 글리콜라이드 몰비 75 : 25) 미분말을 제조하여 웨이퍼로 성형하였다. BCNU가 함유된 PLGA 미분말은 분사건조법에 의해 제조하였으며 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 제조된 미분말은 미립구의 형태를 나타내었다. XRD와 DSC를 통하여 PLGA에 포접된 BCNU의 결정성이 현저히 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 생체외 방출시험조건에서 BCNU의 방출경향은 PLGA의 분자량 및 농도, BCNU의 함량 등에 의존하였으며 초기 burst effect 이후 거의 0차 방출의 경향으로 8주 이상 지속적인 방출경향을 나타내었다. 방출시험기간 동안 웨이퍼의 형태변화를 관찰하고 방출시험액의 pH 변화를 측정함으로써 BCNU의 함량이 증가할수록 PLGA의 수화와 분해가 촉진됨을 확인하였다.

자가유화 약물전달시스템을 이용한 이부프로펜의 용출개선 및 흰쥐에서의 생체이용률 평가 (Improved Dissolution Characteristics of Ibuprofen Employing Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Their Bioavailability in Rats)

  • 김형수;이상길;최성업;박혜숙;전현주;최영욱
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2002
  • A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) composed of Cremophor $EL^{\circledR},\;Labrasol^{circledR}$, and Lauroglycol $FCC^{circledR}$ was prepared for the enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of ibuprofen(IBP), which is water-insoluble but soluble in oils and surfactants. Phase diagram with various regions including microemulsion area was depicted. The SMEDDS was encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules and their dissolution characteristics in various media were observed in comparison to the generic products commercially available in the market. Soft capsules of SMEDDS formulation showed better dissolution profiles, especially in acidic condition, than the others. For the period of 1 hr dissolution in pH 1.2 medium, it reached over 70% dissolution from soft capsules, compared to less than 40% dissolution from commercial reference tablets. On the other hand, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after oral administrations of different IBP preparations to Sprague Dawley rats. SMEDDS formulation showed higher $C_{max}$ and greater $AUC_{0-5hr}$ than the suspension of reference tablet or IBP powder. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that a newly developed soft capsules employing SMEDDS provides an alternative preparation to improve oral bioavailability of IBP.

Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of Bacterial Brain Abscess

  • Jo, Sung-Dae;Kim, Eal-Maan;Lee, Chang-Young;Kim, In-Soo;Son, Eun-Ik;Kim, Dong-Won;Yim, Man-Bin
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.391-396
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    • 2007
  • Objective : This study was performed to review the clinical characteristics and operative results of brain abscess in order to define the therapeutic strategy for this disease. Methods : We reviewed the medical records and radiology images of brain abscess patients treated in our hospital during the last 16 years. A total of 35 cases included 23 males and 12 females, with the mean age of 48 years old. We excluded cases of postoperative, post traumatic, and fungal abscess. All patient underwent at least one surgical treatment such as stereotactic aspiration or craniotomy with excision. Results : Twenty seven [77.1%] patients presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The frontal lobe was the most common anatomical place, and streptococcal species were the most frequently encountered pathogens. The chronic pulmonary diseases and chronic otitis media are common underlying condition. Eighteen patients underwent stereotactic aspiration and 17 patients had excision of their abscess as an initial treatment. Seven patients had a repeated surgery, 6 of them had been treated with aspiration initially. At discharge, 60.0% patients showed a favorable outcome. Conclusion : The stereotactic drainage would be more suitable for the brain abscess located in deep and eloquent area. A large, solitary, and well-encapsulated lesion of superficial location could be best treated with complete excision, and this procedure was more definite because it is associated with less repeated surgery and showed more favorable outcome compared to aspiration surgery.

A novel BTK gene mutation, c.82delC (p.Arg28 Alafs*5), in a Korean family with X-linked agammaglobulinemia

  • Lee, Jeongeun;Rhee, Minhee;Min, Taek Ki;Bang, Hae In;Jang, Mi-Ae;Kang, Eun-Suk;Kim, Hee-Jin;Yang, Hyeon-Jong;Pyu, Bok Yang
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제59권sup1호
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    • pp.49-52
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    • 2016
  • X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary humoral immunodeficiency that results from Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK ) gene mutations. These mutations cause defects in B-cell development, resulting in the virtual absence of these lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation. Consequently, this absence leads to a profound deficiency of lg all isotypes, and an increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacterial infections. A 15-month-old Korean boy presented with recurrent sinusitis and otitis media after 6 months of age, and had a family history of 2 maternal uncles with XLA. Laboratory tests revealed a profound deficiency of Ig isotypes, and a decreased count of $CD19^+$ B cells in the peripheral circulation. Based on his family history and our laboratory test results, he was diagnosed with XLA. We performed BTK gene analysis of peripheral blood samples obtained from family members to confirm the diagnosis. Mutational analysis revealed a novel hemizygous frameshift mutation (c.82delC, p.Arg28Alafs*5), in the BTK gene. His mother and maternal grandmother were heterozygous carriers of this mutation and his two maternal uncles were hemizygous at the same position. After XLA diagnosis, intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg, monthly) treatment was initiated; recurrent sinusitis and otitis media were subsequently brought under control. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a Korean pedigree with a novel mutation in the BTK gene.

가금류 생균제 개발을 위한 Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3의 배양조건 최적화 및 캡슐화 (Optimization of Culture Conditions and Encapsulation of Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3 for Probiotics)

  • 김경;장금일;김정호;김광엽
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 2002
  • 본 실험에서는 L. fermentum YL-3의 생존에 관한 연구로 살아 있는 상태로 위를 거쳐 장내에 정착하여 생균제로서의 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 내산성과 저장성에 초점을 맞추었다. 유산균 성장촉진 물질로 첨가되어 온 tween 80 성분의 제거가 pH 2.0에서 L. fermentum YL-3의 내산성을 약 1 log cycle 정도 향상시켰다. 지방산 분석에서는 세포의 유동성 및 동결 등에 저항성을 가진다고 보고되는 $C_{19:0}\;cyc\;{\omega}8c(lactobacillic\;acid)$의 성분이 24.6% 증가함으로써 내산성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 온도별에서도 배양 온도가 상승할수록 내산성은 향상되었으며 배양시간 역시 길수록 향상되나 생균수를 고려해야 하므로 $42^{\circ}C$의 배양온도에서 대수기 말기의 균제를 이용하였다. 그래서 최종 배양 조건은 tween 80이 제거된 $MRS^-$ 배지에서 $20{\sim}24$시간 $42^{\circ}C$에서 혐기 배양을 실시한 균체를 capsule 제도에 이용하였다. Alginate capsule이 산, 열, 인산염 등에 풀어지는 단점을 가져 무독성의 1% chitosan을 이용하였으며 표면의 관찰 결과, chitosan처리 후 가교 결함에 의하여 더욱 촘촘한 막이 형성되었으며 alginate capsule에서 여러 군데 보이던 미세 구멍이 줄었으며 CLSM을 이용한 L. fermentum YL-3의 포집은 안정한 상태로 포집 균수는 약 $2.0{\times}10^9\;CFU/g$ 정도였다. 캡슐화된 L. fermentum YL-3의 내산성에서는, 3시간 동안 pH 2.0에서 alginate capsule은 약 40 %가 생존한 반면 chitosan 처리 후의 alginate capsule은 약 65% 정도로 생존율의 향상을 보였다. 캡슐화된 L. fermentum YL-3의 저장성에서는 상온인 $25^{\circ}C$에서는 초기 균수에서 1주 사이 $2{\sim}3\;log\;cycle$정도로 급격히 사멸되었으며 chitosan 처리구나 zeolite 처리구에 의한 상온에서의 저장성 향상에서는 영향을 미치지 못했다. $4^{\circ}C$에서는 $2.0{\times}10^9\;CFU/g$이었던 초기균수가 3주까지 모두 $10^8\;CFU/g$ 이상의 생존율을 나타내었으며 특히 chitosan으로 처리한 capsule의 저장성은 3주 후 약 24% 정도로 alginate capsule에 비해 생존율이 높았다.

사과의 접합자배 encapsulation에 의한 인공종자 개발 (Development of Artificial Seeds by Encapsulation Zygotic Embryo of Apple (Malus pumila var. domestica))

  • 최필선
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2021
  • 2% 알진산으로 캡슐화하여 만든 사과 인공종자의 발아 연구를 위하여 자엽을 부분적으로 제거한 후 영양분과 지베렐린을 단독 또는 조합처리한 알진산으로 캡슐화하여 발아율을 측정하였다. 3/4자엽 배(3/4 CE), 1/2자엽 배(1/2 CE), 1/4자엽 배(1/4 CE), 그리고 자엽을 완전히 제거한 배(NCE)로 만든 인공종자는 정상배로 만든 인공종자의 발아율 82.31%에 비하여 최대 24.44%까지 감소하였으며, 그 감소한 발아율은 MS영양분과 지베렐린 처리에 의해 상당히 회복되었다. 특히, 알진산 단독에서 1/2 자엽을 갖는 인공종자의 낮아진 발아율(55.81%)은 3% sucrose와 80 mg/L 지베렐린 조합처리에 의해 98.74%까지 증가하였다. 자엽이 없는 인공종자의 경우 낮아진 발아율(24.44%)은 MS용액과 80 mg/L 지베렐린 조합처리에서 82.45%까지 회복되었다. 이러한 결과는 배의 발아율이 자엽의 부분적 제거에 의해 억제되었고, 그 감소된 발아율은 영양분과 지베렐린 처리에 의해 상당히 회복될 수 있음을 보여 주었다.