• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1029-1040
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• 2015

Effects of punching and drying process on quality of Yukwa were determined. Lightness (L) of Yukwa dough with punching was higher than that with no punching. Air cell distribution of Yukwa dough was fine with higher punching. Microstructure of Yukwa dough showed a broken surface structure with increasing punching. Hardness and adhesiveness of Yukwa dough decreased after 5 min of punching and then increased with higher punching. Expansion ratio of Yukwa base with punching at 155 rpm for 5 min was highest among the samples. Appearance of Yukwa base with no punching showed a poor shape and cross section, whereas Yukwa base with punching at 95 rpm for 10 min showed the best appearance and cross section and Yukwa base with punching at 155 rpm for 5 min also showed good appearance. The moisture content of Yukwa Bandegi after 24 hr of drying was 14.93%. Microstructure of Yukwa Bandegi showed a broken surface structure and empty spaces with increased drying time. Expansion ratio of Yukwa base with 24 hr of drying at $40^{\circ}C$ was highest among the samples. Overall, optimum punching conditions were 10 min of punching at 95 rpm or 5 min of punching at 155 rpm and optimum drying condition was 24 hr of drying at $40^{\circ}C$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2001

Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was performed for 80 days in a biofilter packed with peat. The empty bed residence time was 3.2 min. for a gas mixture of isoprene, dimethyl sulfide, chloroform. benzene, trichlorethylene, toluene, m0xylene, o-xylene and styrene. After 34 days of acclimatization the removal efficiency for a 83 g/㎥ gas input was 93% at $25^{circ}C$ and 73% at $45^{circ}C$, respectively. The maximum cell density at $25^{circ}C$ was 1.12$\times$10(sup)8 cells/g. Removal efficiencies of m-xylene and toluene (91%) were better than that of benzene (86%). The first quarter of the packed column removed 60% of the incoming VOCs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

In this study, we observed the effects of repeated perms on the morphology of virgin hair of a healthy thirteen year-old girl with scanning electron microscopy. After the first treatment, the outer parts of cuticle cell were broken unevenly and roughly. Cuticle cells were lifted upward making a space. After the third treatment, cuticle cells were lifted off one another and the folded scales showed irregular surface areas. Broken pieces of cells were stuck on the surface and an empty hole was present in the endocuticle of the cytoplasm. We observed that cortex separated from cuticle layer more easilywith repeated treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2020

We present a real-time GPU(Graphic Processing Unit) marching tetrahedra technique that extracts isosurfaces in the indexed mesh format from BCC(Body Centered Cubic) volume datasets. Compared to classical marching tetrahedra, our method shows better performance with little memory overhead. Our technique is composed of five stages. In the first stage, which needs to be done only once, we build min/max blocks that is to be used for empty space skipping to boost the performance. Next, we extract active blocks that contain the current isovalue. In the next two stages, we extract the edges and cells that contain the isosurface and then the final triangular mesh is generated in the last stage. When applied 512³ or higher resolution volume dataset, our technique shows up to 5 times speed improvement compared to the classical marching tetrahedra algorithm.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2015

The presence of phenols in treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an environmental concern due to their phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. In this study, phenol-degrading bacteria, Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1 were immobilized on oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) for removal of phenols in the treated POME. The bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) were responsible for cell adhesion to the EFBs during the immobilization process. These immobilized bacteria could effectively remove up to 5,000 mg/L phenol in a carbon free mineral medium (CFMM) with a greater degradation efficiency and rate than that with suspended bacteria. To increase the efficiency of the immobilized bacteria, three approaches, namely activation, acclimation, and combined activation and acclimation were applied. The most convenient and efficient strategy was found when the immobilized bacteria were activated in a CFMM containing phenol for 24 h before biotreatment of the treated POME. These activated immobilized bacteria were able to remove about 63.4% of 33 mg/L phenols in the treated POME, while non-activated and/or acclimated immobilized bacteria could degrade only 35.0%. The activated immobilized bacteria could be effectively reused for at least ten application cycles and stored for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ with the similar activities. In addition, the utilization of the abundant EFBs gives value-added to the palm oil mill wastes and is environmentally friendly thus making it is attractive for practical application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

Tall fescue(Festuca amndinacea Schreb.) is a productive pasture grass that is widely adapted to the soil and climate of Korea. It is regarded, however, as relatively low in palatability and nutritive value. On the other hand, Italian ryegrass(lo1ium rnultz$om Lam.) is highly nutritious and palatable, but is essentially weak in cold tolerance. Numerous investigators have succeeded in producing hybrids between Lolium spp. and Festuca spp. but no improved varieties have resulted. Therefore, intergeneric hybridization of Italian ryegrass with tall fescue is employed in 1984 to improve the adaptive and cold resistance quality of Italian ryegrass. In the mean time, F1-hybrid plants obtained by crossing Italian ryegrass x tall fescue were observed in open field. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Leaf-size and silica cell hair were intermediate between the types of parents but the shape of auricle tended to show Italian ryegrass and auricle-cilia to show tall fescue. 2. Roots of $F_1$-hybrid plants were mainly distributed at top soil and did not produced florescence material. 3. Head type of hybrids was intermediate between the types of parents but ray length was somewhat less than the length of tall fescue ray. Typical Italian ryegrass or tall fescue-like phenotypes were not observed. 4. Anthers of $F_1$-hybrid plants were formed but pollen were not formed. Even though pollen were formed, they were all empty. 5. Hybrid plants were more winterhardy and summer persistency than Italian ryegrass. They showed a equivalent growth to Italian ryegrass in spring and to tall fescue in summer. 6. Chromosome of $F_1$-hybrids was allopolyploid(2n=4~=28) and all $F_1$-hybrid plants were sterile.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four calcium silicate-based endodontic cements at different storage times after mixing. Materials and Methods: Capillary tubes were filled with Biodentine (Septodont), Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM cement, BioniqueDent), Tech Biosealer Endo (Tech Biosealer) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental). Empty tubes and tubes containing Dycal were used as negative and positive control groups respectively. Filled capillary tubes were kept in 0.2 mL microtubes and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. Each material was divided into 3 groups for testing at intervals of 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day after mixing. Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultered with 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day samples of different materials for 24 and 48 hr. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Results: In all groups, the viability of monocytes significantly improved with increasing storage time regardless of the incubation time (p < 0.001). After 24 hr of incubation, there was no significant difference between the materials regarding monocyte viability. However, at 48 hr of incubation, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were less cytotoxic than CEM cement and Biosealer (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Biodentine and ProRoot MTA had similar biocompatibility. Mixing ProRoot MTA with PBS in place of distilled water had no effect on its biocompatibility. Biosealer and CEM cement after 48 hr of incubation were significantly more cytotoxic to on monocyte cells compared to ProRoot MTA and Biodentine.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.3 s.40
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• pp.119-126
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• 1979

From the sample seeds of rice cultivar Palkoeng with the brown spot symptom, Helminthosporium oryzae was detected in $86\~92\%$ of hulls including empty glumes, lemma, palea, and rachilla in five to seven days of incubation. When the seeds were dehulled, the percentage detection decreased to $74\~83\%$ of pericarps. The fungus sporulated on whole surface of the seed and was detected within about ten cell layers deep of endosperm but not detected in embryo. Fusarium moniliforme was found in embryo as well as pericarp and endosperm. The frequency of F. roseum, Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia spp., Atternaria tenuis, Cladosporium cladosporoides and Phoma sp. was less than three percent of hulls and pericarps. In seven days of incubation, $60\~87\%$ of the germinating seeds showed the symptom of H. oryzae while $13\~40\%$ were apparently healthy. This fungus in hilum of infected rice transmitted through pericarp to plumule shoot and radicle of the germinating seed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.275-284
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• 2019

Antidolary active and anti-sugar mechanisms of the ova family (石斛; Dendrobii herba) ethanol extract (EED) were investigated. The EED was administered orally four times a day in a diabetic mouse induced by strepto Joe Toshin to reveal and reveal its pharmacological miracle through experimental studies that reduce the liver function of empty blood sugar, glythamic oxal acetate levels, insulin levels and glutamic acid trans aminaase and glutamic acid pyruvic acid trans amine. EED increased insulin secretion by glucose in RINm5F beta cells as well as intraperitoneal glucose intakes in L6 muscle cells. Thus, EED has shown great promise in displaying anti-diabetes activity not only by increasing insulin secretion but also by increasing intakes per cell, and hopes that future research on pharmacological mechanisms for quartz (Dendrobii herba) ethanol extract will be more active and contribute greatly to the treatment of diabetes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different administration duration of alendronate on initial wound healing and new bone formation of extraction socket in rats. Materials and methods: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 130-140 g, 4 weeks old, male) were divided into control group (no alendronate administration) and experimental group (alendronate administration). Experimental group was subdivided into 1 week administrated group, 2 week administrated group, 4 week administrated group and 6 week administrated group according to duration of administration. For the experimental groups, during the designated time period (at the time of extraction, 1 week before extraction, 3 week before extraction and 5 week before extraction) till 1 week after extraction, rats were subcutaneously injected with Alendronate at the dose of 1.0 mg/Kg three times a week. Each specimen from 6 week experimental group and control group were used for microarray analysis, and other specimens were used for histological analysis. The rate of new bone formation within the extraction site and bone loss activity was analyzed using TRAP staining. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test. (${\alpha}=.05$) Results: After one week from the time of extraction, the rate of new bone formation within extraction site for the control group ($16.77%{\pm}1.36%$) compared to the 4 week experimental group ($14.99%{\pm}6.26%$) was lower. However, no statistically significant difference was found. Increase in the number of inactive lacuna (empty lacuna) and decrease in the number of TRAP positive cell were identified with increased duration of administration. There was no significant difference. Conclusion: The results of this study showed as the duration of Alendronate administration increased the rate of new bone formation decreased with loss of bone activity and reduced number of osteoclast.