• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.174-190
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• 2015

본 연구는 일식레스토랑의 서비스 품질요인과 행동의도(재방문, 추천, 충성도)와의 인과관계를 분석하여 일식레스토랑 경영자들에게 단골고객의 유치 전략의 시사점을 제공하기 위하여 부산지역에 거주하는 외식소비자 250명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 실증분석을 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관관계분석과 가설검정을 위해서 다중(단순) 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과, 일식레스토랑의 서비스품질이 고객만족도에 미치는 영향에서 종사원의 서비스가 가장 큰 영향력을 있는 요인으로 분석되었다. 이는 인적서비스가 고객에게 가장 큰 만족을 주는 것으로 해석할 수 있겠다. 일식레스토랑의 고객만족도는 행동의도 즉, 재방문, 추천의도, 충성도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 일식당 서비스품질이 행동의도에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 요인은 음식의 품질이었고, 가장 낮은 영향력은 물리적 환경인 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 일식레스토랑을 이용하는 외식 소비자들은 음식의 품질이 재방문 및 추천에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 판단할 수 있겠다. 본 연구를 통해 일식당을 방문하는 고객들은 인지된 서비스품질이 결과적으로 고객만족 및 행동의도에 영향을 준다는 이론적 기반을 검증함으로써, 일식당 경영자들은 높은 수준의 서비스품질을 고객에게 제공하는 것이 영업이익에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 사실을 고찰하였다. 특히 고객만족에는 종사원의 서비스가 가장 큰 영향력이 큰 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 1991

The following study was done to investigate foodservice management practice. Total subjects were 18 foodservices in social welfare facilities in Seoul. Among studied facilities, nine were the welfare facilities for children, five were the welfare facilities for elderly, two were the welfare facilities for a mentally and physically disabled person and the remaining two were vagabond care facilities. Methods used were mainly questionaires. These questionaires were answered by manager and interviews were also done for a same person. Equipments were evaluated by investigators using the evaluation form. The results of the study were summarized as follows. Number of cooks and assistant cooks among employee in foodservice establishment were about 2-6 persons. One dietitian is stationed in 2 places among 18 places. Food purchasing and menu plannings were mainly practiced by manager, secretary and other personnels, in more than 50% of social welfare facilities. The type of the menu in most facilities was the set menu. The period of turn over for cycle menu was a week in 50% of facilities. Seventy seven point eight percentage of the welfare facilities were used the weekly or monthly cycle. For the food preparation, there was almost no place using standard recipes. Foodstuffs were purchased in local market. Moreover, the preference test of served foods were done for residence of each facilities. But it was not applicated effectively. Conditions of most equipments in the kitchen were defective specially in dishwashing and sterilization step.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.733-744
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• 2010

This study investigated the working conditions and job satisfaction of school cafeteria, according to their employment type in Chonbuk, South Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 401 elementary, middle, and high school cafeteria employees. The data showed significant differences between regular and irregular employees. These factors were: previous work experience (p<.001), type of school (p<.001), the style of foodservice at a school (p<.001), the type of foodservice system (p<.05), and the number of meals served each day (p<.001). The working conditions for regular and irregular employees were significantly different with regard to several factors: these were union membership (p<.01), how they were paid (p<.05), their total working hours (p<.01), and difficulty of using their holidays (p<.01). Approximately 80.5% of the subjects were dissatisfied with the working conditions after the introduction of countermeasures for irregular employees. Results indicated that the average employee job satisfaction level was 2.53, but that there were not significant difference in the level of job satisfaction when comparing regular and irregular employees. The item employees were most satisfied with was having responsibility over meals for young students (3.37). They were least satisfied with their salary (2.00). An interesting issue for future study would be to determine the factors that could improve job satisfaction whilst satisfying the employees' needs which in turn would improve the quality of foodservice.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2010

본 연구는 외식 종사원이 지각하는 직무 스트레스의 유형을 확인하고 직무 만족과 이직 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 또한, 직무 스트레스 요인이 직무 만족과 이직 의도에 영향을 미침에 있어 사회적 지원과 대처 전략의 조절 효과를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 부산 지역 소재 호텔 및 뷔페 레스토랑에서 근무하고 있는 외식 종사원을 대상으로 조사가 수행되었다. 조사 결과, 외식 종사원이 지각하는 직무 스트레스 요인은 직무 환경, 대인 관계, 업무 역할, 업무 특성, 경력 개발, 개인 특성 요인 6가지 요인을 확인하였다. 직무 스트레스 요인 중 대인 관계와 경력 개발 요인이 직무만족과 이직 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 지원과 대처 전략이 직무 스트레스가 직무 만족과 이직 의도에 영향을 미침에 있어 조절 효과를 확인하였다. 낮은 사회적 지원과 대처 전략을 나타낸 집단과 높게 나타난 집단의 높은 직무 만족과 낮은 이직 의도를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.25-48
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• 2001

Since 1998 IMF economic crisis, hotel companys have made an operation innovation in generally to reinforce a competitive power. Never ther less, a structural depression with high expense of costs-low degree of efficiency and high price of commodities-low degree of growth during the last few years. And hotel companys were doing endeavor for conquer this depression with reshuffle of the personnal system and that systematizing an enterprise and production control. Hotel has more increase personnel expenses percents than increase sold price percents so that hotel reducing cook and as result, hotel has a problem from production selling of foodservice because that is insufficient of cook man power. On studying this research, an importancy of cusine department in inquire hotel and an efficiency man power control of cusine department influence on hotel marketing were made use of analysis for hotel kitchen management. The result of this study is like that. First, the quality of a hotel employee is directly related to that of hotel service, which is functioned as a principle factor on which success or failure of tie hotel very largely depends, Second, fair evaluation of merits. Third, cognition for job as expert. Fourth, the roles and competences of the employees were affected much by the inner or outer environmental changes surrounding the hotel enterprises. Fifth, do not underestimate an intelligent ability and will power of employee, and hotel company have to manage that the employees consult themselves about their things of department and improve with the master sense for job. Sixth, pay increase and intensive system. This system can raise the will to achievement for employee's job, and company can get many benefits from government. Seventh, the employees should be encouraged to have memberships of academic organizations, to actively participate in academic meetings, workshops, conferences, and forums in the area of job performance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

본 연구는 중학교급식의 배식장소에 따른 급식위생에 대한 학생들의 중요도와 수행도에 대한 인식을 비교하고 위생의 문제점을 파악하기 위하여 부산지역 교실배식학교 5개교, 식당배식학교 5개교 학생 826명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 연구방법은 설문지를 각 학교의 영양(교)사를 통해 학생들에게 설문지를 배부하였고 학생들이 직접 기록하는 자가기록방법을 이용하였다. 급식위생 중요도 총 평균 점수는 4.08/5.00점이며, 교실배식은 4.11점, 식당배식은 4.34점으로 유의적인(P<0.001) 차이를 보였고, 각 위생영역에서 음식위생(P<0.01), 환경 위생(P<0.001), 기기 시설 위생(P<0.01), 배식원 위생(P<0.001) 모두 식당배식이 교실배식보다 유의적으로 중요도 점수가 높았다. 급식위생 수행도 총 평균 점수는 3.64/5.00점이며, 식당배식 3.89점, 교실배식 3.38점으로 유의적인(P<0.001) 차이를 보였고, 모든 위생영역에서 식당배식이 교실배식보다 유의적(P<0.001)으로 높은 수행도 점수를 보였다. 전체 총 평균 갭 점수는 -0.55점이며, 교실배식은 -0.71점, 식당배식은 -0.42점으로 유의적인 차이(P<0.001)가 있었고, 음식 위생(P<0.01), 환경 위생(P<0.01), 기기 시설 위생(P<0.001), 배식원 위생(P<0.001)의 모든 영역에서 교실배식이 식당배식보다 갭 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 수행도와 중요도 간의 갭 점수가 높은 항목은 교실배식의 경우 배식원 관련 사항으로 '위생 마스크 착용', '위생 장갑 착용', '위생복과 모자 착용', '식판에 이물질 없이 깨끗함'의 순이었다. 식당배식은 '식판에 이물질 없음', '배식원의 위생마스크 착용', '음식에 이물질 없음', '잔반통 주변의 청결'이었다. 격자도 분석에서 중요도는 높으나 수행도가 낮은 항목은 교실배식과 식당배식 모두 '식판에 이물질 없이 깨끗함'이었고 식판관련 항목 중 '식판이 건조되어 있음'은 중요도와 수행도가 낮았으므로 학교 영양(교)사는 식기류 청결 방안에 관심을 가져야 하겠다. 배식원 위생영역은 교실배식과 식당배식 모두 중요도가 낮았으므로 학교에서는 학생들에게 배식원 위생의 중요성에 대한 인식을 높여야 하겠다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.313-328
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• 2006

This study was objectively performed to identify dietitians' job in the elderly health-care facilities, to assess facilities and dietitian's demographic characteristics, and to determine performance and importance of dietitian's job including the demand of therapeutic diet development. Survey was conducted by mail and samples were the dietitians working in 376 facilities which capacity is over 50 members from nationwide 583 the elderly health-care facilities. Returned questionnaire was 102 and used for statistic analysis. The distributions of the elderly health-care facilities showed 39 the elderly nursing facilities(38.2%), 32 skilled nursing facilities (32.4%), 13 geriatrics hospital facilities(12.7%) and 9 the elderly cost nursing facilities(8.8%). 60.0 percent of the samples showed its menu price as 1,000 to 1,500 won. A cycle-menu program was in-use at the 79.0% facilities, but only 7.1% facilities have been introduced a selected menu system. 92.9% facilities employed only one dietitian. In the demographic characteristics of dietitian only 14.7% dietitian had a clinical dietitian license and 51.5% of respondents answered at least 1 to 3 months internship program is needed. Job activities of the dietitian in the elderly health-care foodservice were identified as 45 activities with 9 dimensions. Job performance score evaluated dietitian oneself was 4.71 of 7 points. The average importance score that the dietitian evaluated their own job was 5.66 points of 7. The job activities shown higher importance but lower performance were therapeutic diet development for in-patients, menu development suitable for taste of the elderly, and leadership. Job performance score by characteristics of dietitian and their elderly health-care facilities was significantly associated with experience of dietitian in elderly health-care (F=4.480, p<0.05), education of dietitian(F=2.659, p<0.01), number of dietitian(F=2.245, p<0.05), and number of employee in foodservice(F=2.607, p<0.05). Most common diseases of the aged was proved as hypertension(81.7%), diabetes mellitus(71.4%), and dementia(65.0%). The therapeutic diets frequently provided were diabetes mellitus diet, dysphagia diet, low sodium diet, high fiber diet, and high protein diet, in order. For those reasons, dietitian in the elderly health care emphasized that the information about therapeutic diet development such as diabetes mellitus diet, dysphagia diet, low sodium diet and hypertension diet must be continuously developed and provided. The result from this study can be applicable to enlarge and enrich job activities of dietitian in elderly health-care foodservice.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.474-487
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• 2009

The principal objectives of this study were to evaluate the space, equipment, and institution rate by functional area, and to suggest appropriate types, numbers, and equipment capacity by school foodservice size for optimal employee job performance and efficiency. Data were collected and administered by 263 dietitians who attended elementary and middle schools in Gyeonggi Province, and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Among a total of 72 respondents who provided usable data, 31 (48.6%) respondents were nutrition teachers and 37 (51.4%) were part-time dietitians. The majority of the respondents reported that their foodservices were self-operating types (94.4%), and 8 meals out of 10 meals provided over a 2-week period were served as normal meals, defined as meals consisting of Bab, Kook, Kimchi, and 3 side dishes (73.6%). The mean kitchen space was $186.25\;m^2$ for 500 meals/day, $269.7\;m^2$ for 501 to 1,000 meals/day, $249.1\;m^2$ for 1001 to 1500 meals/day, and $274.87\;m^2$ for 1,500 or more meals/day. The mean space of functional areas was $11.52\;m^2$ for office, $12.63\;m^2$ for storeroom, $9.55\;m^2$ for receiving area, $27.23\;m^2$ for pre-preparation area, $149.9\;m^2$ for cooking area, $18.33\;m^2$ for assembly/service area, $45.50\;m^2$ for dishwashing area, and $17.20\;m^2$ for locker room. Only two pre-preparation and cooking spaces increased significantly with increasing size of school foodservice (p<0.05). Office, cooking area, and locker room were allocated in all foodservices. However, the pre-preparation area (68.7%), receiving area (56.5%), assembly/service area (38.1%), and dishwashing area (37.7%) were lowly installed in the surveyed facilities. Through a focus group meeting discussing the results of this study, appropriate equipment and its dimensions were suggested according to functional areas and foodservice scales. Future studies will be necessary to allocate the appropriate space by functional area with the proposed equipment requirements for optimally efficient decision making in equipment purchasing.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2000

본 연구는 서울 경인지역 사업체 급식소 4개소을 대상으로 급식소에서 제공되는 음식 및 서비스품질 특성의 기대도와 인식도 등을 조사하여 만족도를 규명하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고 업무형태별로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반사항에는 여자가 많았고, 20-40세가 89%로서 많고, 미혼이 많았다. 가족. 친지가 72.5%로 많았고, 고졸이상이 대부분이었다. 급식경험 2년이상이 80%로 거의 많았으며, 급식횟수는 1-2회가 95%로 대체적으로 많아서 1끼를 먹는 것으로 나타났고, 평사원이 86.5%로 분석되었다. 2. 음식 및 서비스품질 특성이 모두 인식도보다 기대도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고객들이 식당을 이용할 때 기대한 만큼 실제 느꼈던 항목에는 계절음식의 제공, 음식의 맛, 배식원의 청결, 식당의 청결, 식당의 조명 밝기이었고, 기대하지도 실제 느끼기도 않는 항목에는 메뉴가 품절되지 않음, 주반찬과 부반찬의 조화, 후식의 제공, 식사에 대한 불만의 신속한 처리이었다. 고객들은 위생적인 측면에서 음식의 위생, 식기의 위생을 최우선으로 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 음식 및 서비스의 만족도는 적당한 1인 분량, 식당의 조명 밝기에 만족하는 것으로 나타났고, 선호메뉴의 제공, 식사 불만의 신속처리에 대해서는 불만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 음식 및 서비스 품질 특성의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 기대도는 만족도와 강한 음의 상관관계를 갖고 있으며, 인식도는 만족도와 상대적으로 약한 양의 상관관계를 보인 것으로 분석 되었다. 5. 요인별 서비스1요인(메뉴가 품절되지 않음)과 서비스2요인(식사불만의 신속한 처리, 배식원의 친절)에 개선의 여지가 있는 것으로 분석되며, 위생2요인(식기의 위생, 식당의 청결, 식기반납구의 청결, 배식원의 청결)에는 계속적으로 유지 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다 6. 각 요인의 상관계수에는 기대도와 인식도의 상관이 높은 문항은 식기위생 (r = 0.422 )이었으며, 기대도와 인식도의 상관이 적은 문항은 식사불만의 신속한 처리로 분석 되었다. 앞으로의 연구는 사업체 급식소에서 제공되는 음식 및 서비스 품질관리 평가된 결과를 근거로 고객의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 음식과 서비스의 우수한 품질을 제공하여 고객만족, 나아가 고객감동을 이끌어야 하고 고객의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하여 급식의 질적 향상을 위하여 보다 전문적이고 지속적인 연구가 필요하겠다.