• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.705-717
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to explore secondary science teachers' emotional display rules, types of emotional labor, science-specific emotional display rules and the episodes of emotional labor. For this purpose, the survey to measure emotional labor of science teachers (The Emotional Labor of Science Teaching Scale: TELSTS) was developed and the participants were 145 secondary science teachers in Korea. Results showed that first, secondary science teachers recognized the emotional display rules defined by their schools, especially, positive display rules. Second, secondary science teachers showed that they were carrying out emotional labor in order to keep their emotional display rules in check. The mean value of responses to deep acting was high. Also, there were statistically significant differences in emotional labor depending on whether they were full-time or part-time teachers and their teaching career. Third, as a result of analyzing the specificity of science teachers, it was mainly related to the objective and logical image of science, and experimental instruction. Seventy-four percent (74%) of responses were negative or neutral emotional display rules. Finally, implications for science education are discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2005

This paper deals with the emotional model of the software-robot. The software-robot requires several capabilities such as sensing, perceiving, acting, communicating, and surviving. and so on. There are already many studies about the emotional model like KISMET and AIBO. The new emotional model using the modified friendship scheme is proposed in this paper. Quite often, the available emotional models have time invariant human respond architectures. Conventional emotional models make the sociable robot get around with humans, and obey human commands during robot operation. This behavior makes the robot very different from real pets. Similar to real pets, the proposed emotional model with the modified friendship capability has time varying property depending on interaction between human and robot.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

To explore effects on each the emotional awareness, emotional expression, emotional empathy, and emotional regulation, of the sub-factors of the child's emotional intelligence, to mural preference, emotion cultivation, and community connection, the hierarchical multiple regression analyses are performed(as in Table 1, 2, and 3). As the results, we found the following facts. Children's mural preference, emotion cultivation, and community connection were expressed by the following equations in order, respectively. Mural Preference = $.170{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=2.118, $p=.036^*$) - $.025{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-.275, p=.783) + $.088{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=.938, p=.350) + $.139{\times}$[Emotional Regulation] (t=1.529, p=.128). Mural Emotion Cultivation = $-.021{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=-.294, p=.769) - $.205{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-2.573, $p=.011^*$) + $.265{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=3.156, $p=.002^*$) + $.192{\times}$[Emotional Regulation](t=2.361, $p=.019^*$). Mural Community Connection = $-.001{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=-.007, p=.995) - $.132{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-1.478, p=.141) + $.172{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=1.732, $p=.027^*$) + $.098{\times}$[Emotional Regulation](t=1.072, p=.285).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.109-126
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• 2022

Purpose: The role of salespersons' emotions in effective selling behavior garners attention among scholars and practitioners. Previous studies have investigated the effects of emotional intelligence and emotional labor on sales success separately. However, to understand the whole process, the relationships among salespersons' cognition, emotions, and behaviors should be considered simultaneously. Accordingly, we uniquely examined how salespersons' emotional intelligence (emotional antecedent) and customer orientation (cognitive antecedent) influence their emotional labor (deep acting vs. surface acting), adaptive selling behavior, and the selling results in the retail environment. Research design, data, and methodology: To improve methodological rigor, we used the dyadic approach. We measured 182 salespersons' emotional intelligence, customer orientation, and emotional labor, and 364 customers assessed the salespersons' adaptive selling behavior and selling results in the insurance and duty-free department retailing sectors. Result: The findings suggest that salespersons' customer orientation and emotional intelligence relate to deep-acting of emotional labor, affecting their adaptive selling behavior and relationship quality with customers. Conclusions: As for managerial implications, sales managers may well consider emotional intelligence levels when selecting salespersons in the retail industry. Additionally, practical training programs are required to cultivate customer orientation, emotional intelligence, and deep acting while performing emotional labor.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.703-720
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of emotional intelligence development program of science-gifted students. Participants were engaged in 20 emotional intelligence program spanning 9 months. Data were collected before and after the program from 20 science-gifted students using self-reported inventory, worksheets, researcher field note, and pre- and post- interviews. The results of this study showed that this emotional intelligence program was helpful in new understanding of emotional intelligence, improving in self-efficacy as gifted students accumulated positive experiences on resolving the conflict using emotional intelligence. In addition, the program was helpful in enhancement of self-confidence in relationship with other people and expectancy in schoolwork and future career. However, participants did not remark on direct relationship between emotional intelligence and school record.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.449-463
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between emotional labor and occupational stress of the dental hygienists, and the effects of emotional labor on their occupational stress and health problems including depression, anxiety and sleep. Methods: The survey was conducted using the questionnaires about dental hygienists' working in medical institutions in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do from August 19th and October 7th, 2016. Total of 225 participants were selected for data analyses. Frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS Windows ver. 21.0 program(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. USA). Results: The analysis of the factors affecting emotional labor, occupational stress, anxiety, and sleep by participants' characteristics showed that those with higher education level, work position and annual salary had higher emotional labor. In addition, participants who worked 5 days every other week and were responsible for patient consultation had higher emotional labor. The analysis of correlations among emotional labor occupational stress, anxiety, and sleep showed positive correlations between emotional experience and emotional expression, occupational stress and emotional expression, and anxiety and emotional expression. On the other hand, negative correlation was found between anxiety and emotional experience. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect of emotional labor on job stress. Emotional labor was a factor affecting job stress and anxiety. Conclusions: In order to improve emotional control and vulnerability to stress among dental hygienists, intra-organizational training opportunities and mental health care strategies are needed. Additional broad-based studies are required to identify the factors affecting the occupational stress and emotional labor and to develop relevant intervention measures.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

In this paper, we have implemented speeches that utilized the emotion information of the user's speech and image matching and recommendation system. To classify the user's emotional information of speech, the emotional information of speech about the user's speech is extracted and classified using the PLP algorithm. After classification, an emotional DB of speech is constructed. Moreover, emotional color and emotional vocabulary through factor analysis are matched to one space in order to classify emotional information of image. And a standardized image recommendation system based on the matching of each keyword with the BM-GA algorithm for the data of the emotional information of speech and emotional information of image according to the more appropriate emotional information of speech of the user. As a result of the performance evaluation, recognition rate of standardized vocabulary in four stages according to speech was 80.48% on average and system user satisfaction was 82.4%. Therefore, it is expected that the classification of images according to the user's speech information will be helpful for the study of emotional exchange between the user and the computer.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching program which utilizes emotional intelligence elements as a measure to stimulate the motive and scientific attitude of learners and examine the effect of its application. The target unit for this study is 'world of plants' in the fourth grade of elementary school, and the teaching program is composed of 3 stages including I(encounter with myself), S(encounter with science), and U(encounter with friends). The teaching program is organized in the way to reflect 5 emotional intelligence elements including self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, sympathy, and personal relations properly according to each stage of teaching program. The result of applying this program into actual classrooms is as follows. First, it is proven that the teaching program actually helps improving the motive of learners to study science. The emotional intelligence takes a role of positive motive for thinking, and the learners monitor their emotion and behavior patterns by using a mirror notebook to reduce their anxiety about science. Second, it is proven that the teaching program changes the science related attitude of learners positively. The emotional intelligence elements help the learners to create friendly feeling toward science subject and have a friendly attitude toward science and a sense of expectancy to science class. Third, it is proven that the teaching program contributes to the improvement of learners' science study achievement. The emotional intelligence takes an important role in improving the learners' science study achievement through the role of adjusting and controlling the recognition capability. However, emphasizing the emotional intelligence excessively also has a risk to break the balance between emotion and recognition, so it is considered that the balanced approach should be applied.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and depression. Methods: From June to July, 2017, a convenience sample of 226 nursing students was recruited. Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: 68.1% (154) respondents experienced emotional abuse, and 48.1% (110) emotional neglect in childhood emotional trauma. The average depression score was 10.76. There were 54.4% (123), 34.5% (78), 12.8% (29), and 7.1% (16) of respondents with mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The average interpersonal skills score was 3.59. There was a significant correlation between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect), interpersonal skills and depression. And the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression was significant. Conclusion: Interpersonal skills play a role as a moderating variable influencing the relationship between emotional neglect of childhood emotional trauma and depression, and also reduce the effects of childhood emotional trauma on depression. When developing a depression prevention program for nursing college students, such programs should consider strategies to reduce the negative effects of childhood emotional trauma and to improve interpersonal skills.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.359-364
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• 2021

Aim: We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep and work-related impaired cognitive and emotional functioning in police employees. Methods: This study included 410 participants (52% men) employed in a police district in Norway at baseline, of which 50% also participated in the study at 6 months later follow-up. The questionnaires included items measuring work schedule, sleep length, insomnia, as well as impaired cognitive and emotional functioning at work. Results: The results showed that insomnia was related to impaired work-related emotional functioning measured at baseline, and to impaired cognitive functioning measured at both baseline and follow-up. Sleep length and rotating shift work were not associated with future decline in cognitive or emotional functioning. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the relationship between insomnia and emotional functioning at work may be transient, whereas insomnia can be related to both immediate and future impaired cognitive functioning. Replication of the findings in larger samples is advised. The findings call for an emphasis on the prevention and treatment of sleep problems among police employees as a mean of maintaining and improving cognitive and emotional functioning at work, and thereby reducing the risk for impaired performance and negative health and safety outcomes.