• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examined self-efficacy, emotional labor, and health promoting behaviors. It also investigated factors affecting health promoting behaviors of nurses working for tertiary and general hospital. Methods: Between June and July 2013, a convenience sample of 233 subjects was collected from 2 tertiary hospitals and 4 general hospitals. The data analysis was done with ANOVA, t-test and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Emotional labor of the subjects was slightly lower than that of other nurses and the average level of health promoting behaviors was lower than the median. Health promoting behaviors were differentiated by education, hospital type, and monthly income. Self-efficacy showed positive correlation with HPLP-II, but emotional labor showed negative correlation with self-efficacy and HPLP-II. The most significant factor affecting health promoting behaviors was self regulation(16.3%). The combination of self regulation, attentiveness to required display rules, BSN, preference to task difficulty, and monthly income(${\geq}300$) accounted for 25.4% of health promoting behavior. Attentiveness to required display rules was a negative factor of HPLP-II. Conclusion: When developing health promotion programs for nurses, self-efficacy should be considered and further research is needed to identify mediating variables between emotional labor and health promoting behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.721-728
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• 2015

Due to paradigm shift in administration, the field of police administration, like its civilian counterpart, is spending effort to improve customer-oriented civil complaint service system, and this is leading to a negative factor in service providers, emotional labor, among police officers. This study examines amount of emotional labor of maritime police officers, and verify the effects of emotional labor on exhaustion. Results show maritime police officers experience about the same amount of emotional labor as other public workers, and emotional labor has effects on work exhaustion. In other words, perception of incongruity of emotion has positive effects on exhaustion on cynical attitude. Attention to emotional expression has negative effects on decrease of job effectiveness. As such, if the problem of emotional labor is neglected, it leads to exhaustion and can become a significant obstacle to performance due to negative organizational influence. Also, it can lead to serious physical and mental problems on the individual level. Therefore, policy implementation to prevent this problem is necessary.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of emotional labor of nursing personnel working in comprehensive nursing service ward and to suggest the way service improvement can be achieved. Methods: A total of 28 nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward were divided into four groups to conduct focus group interview. All interviews were recorded and transcribed after the interview to perform data analysis in the order of data classification, topic categorization, and keyword derivation. Results: The five categories of subjects and relating keywords drawn from the focus group interviews are as follows: 1) Emotional labor experience: suppressing emotions, expressing emotions or actions that are different from reality, 2) Situations of emotional labor: verbal abuse and assault, sexual harassment, personal needs and errands, 3) Responses to emotional labor: responding directly, responding directly, receiving senior's help, using the organizational system, persevering, 4) Problems caused by emotional labor: work exhaustion, job change intention, job stress, 5) Protection plan against emotional labor: manual or education for nurses, education for patients and carers, compensation, tough sanctions though system strengthening. Conclusion: This study shows that although nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward generally experience high levels of emotional labor, the problem solving of them relies mainly on personal response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various measures to protect nurses in an organizational level response, thus to improve the comprehensive nursing service system.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the degrees of emotional labor and the effects of Type A personality, emotional expressiveness, job stress, and social support on the emotional labor among clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were the clinical nurses working at the general hospital in Seoul. The subjects were selected by quota sampling in consideration of the length of employment and the working units. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to 286 clinical nurses and the data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 software Results: The level of emotional labor of the subjects was revealed moderate to high. Significant explanatory variables of the degrees of emotional labor included psychological job load, the lack of job autonomy, and role conflicts. These three variables demonstrated the explanatory power of 11.4% of the emotional labor. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the intervention program intervening emotional labor should be developed in order to improve psychological job load, the job autonomy, and role conflicts among clinical nurses.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of emotional labor on burnout in stroke patients' caregivers. Methods: Data were collected from 141 paid caregivers working at 3 hospital across Gyeonggi province from January to April 2014. Results: The caregivers' level of emotional labor showed 2.9/5.0 points and burnout, 2.5/5.0. A significant correlation was found among attentiveness to required display rules (p=.007), emotional dissonance (p=.001) and burnout. In a multiple regression, age (${\beta}$=.279, p=.001) and emotional dissonance (${\beta}$=.193, p=.046) were associated with burnout in caregivers. These factors attributed to 16.9% of variance in the burnout of caregivers. Conclusion: These results suggest that burnout in stroke patients' caregivers can be influenced by emotional dissonance as well as physical condition such as age. Accordingly, it is necessary to be develop support program to deal with mental labor to improve their mental health and lighten their workload for caregivers.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1707-1715
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• 2018

This study was conducted using structured questionnaire to 103 dental hygienists who agreed to research among dental hygienists working at Ulsan-based dental clinics in an attempt to analyze the impact of dental roles and social support on emotional labor. Statements of collected data were performed on t-test and ons-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression using the SPSS Statistics ver 18.0 for windows program. The study found that the higher role conflicts and greater role ambiguity in relation to direct trade and emotional labor, the higher the intensity of emotional labor, and the more social support, the lower the intensity of emotional labor. The emotional labor of dental hygienists can be solved at a personal level by trying to improve their relationship with members at a dentist's office and by making clear and more professional work segmentation according to their working characteristics. This will help develop a plan to manage the emotional labor of dental hygienists.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.463-468
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• 2021

This paper verified the relationship between the emotional labor and the job satisfaction of workers in senior employment agencies. And this paper verified the mediating effect of self-efficacy between the both variables. We conducted a survey of 261 employees of the 21 agencies in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. According to the analysis : 1) employees' emotional labor influenced job satisfaction negatively. 2) the self-efficacy mediated between emotional labor and job satisfaction. As a result, we need to establish a management system for emotional labor, to carry out a crisis intervention of prompt therapy, and to provide education to cope with emotional labor for decreasing the emotional labor. It is important to lower the proportion of irregular workers, to improve the level of treatment, and cultivate self-leadership for promoting self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.290-299
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• 2018

This study was conducted to clarify the mediating effects of self-efficacy and organizational commitment on the level of depression associated with emotional labor and occupational stress of call center representatives. The survey subjects were 486 representatives working in four call centers in D city. Data collection was conducted using structured, self-addressed questionnaires from January 5th to 25th, 2017. The results showed that the depression level of the representatives was significantly higher in the emotional labor and occupational stress groups and higher in the low self-efficacy and organizational commitment groups. The correlations between variables revealed a positive correlation between depression, emotional labor, and occupational stress, but a negative correlation between self-efficacy and organizational commitment. Path model analysis revealed that emotional labor and occupational stress had positive effects on depression, while self-efficacy and organizational commitment was negatively influenced. In addition, self-efficacy and organizational commitment had a mediating effect on emotional labor and depression, while organizational commitment had a mediating effect on occupational stress and depression. Therefore, to reduce the depression level of call center representatives, it is necessary to reduce the emotional labor and occupational stress factors, as well as to have a mental health mediation plan to increase self-efficacy and organizational commitment.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.592-601
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of individual emotional characteristics (empathetic concern and emotional contagion) on emotional labor (frequency of emotional display, intensity and variety of emotional display, surface acting, and deep acting) of school dietitians. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey of 309 school dietitians and then analyzed statistically by SPSS 18.0 package program. The results of this study were as follows: empathetic concern (3.93) occurred more often than emotional contagion (3.22) in school dietitians. The older (p < 0.001) and more experienced (p < 0.01) they were, the higher empathetic concern they had. It showed that married dieticians (p < 0.001), nutrition teachers (p < 0.01), and dieticians who were working in elementary schools (p < 0.01) had a higher rate of empathetic concern than single dieticians, non-nutrition teachers, and dieticians who were working in middle and high schools, respectively. Their level of emotional labor was the highest in deep acting (3.32), followed by surface acting (3.28), frequency (3.12), intensity and variety (3.09). According to multiple regression analysis, emotional contagion proved to be strongly significant and positively related to frequency of emotional display (${\beta}=0.257$, p < 0.001). Both empathetic concern (${\beta}=0.117$, p < 0.05) and emotional contagion (${\beta}=0.162$, p < 0.01) were positively related to intensity and variety of emotional display, and empathetic concern (${\beta}=0.173$, p < 0.01) had also an effect on deep acting. These results suggested that the emotional labor of school dietitians should be managed on the organizational viewpoint, not a personal matter.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the convergence factors affecting professional identity perceived by the emotional labor of clinical practice and self-esteem in some dental hygiene students. The questionnaire was conducted in 205 dental hygiene students from 3 university in Jeollanam-do area. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Professional identity correlated positively with self-esteem(r=0.366, p<0.01), negatively with emotional labor of clinical practice(r=-0.213, p<0.01). The convergence factors influencing professional identity were satisfaction level with majors(${\beta}=0.434$), self-esteem(${\beta}=0.236$) and emotional labor of clinical practice(${\beta}=-0.199$). The regression model explained 34.6% of professional identity. Therefore, to enhance professional identity in dental hygiene students, it is required to program development to improve satisfaction level of with majors, self-esteem and management of emotional labor of clinical practice.