• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

Objective : This study was done to investigate the differences of HRV(Heart Rate Variability) change as the response to the emotional stimulus in each Sasang constitutions. Method : We investigated 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 10 Soyangin, 14 Soeumin and 20 Taeumin. After diagnosing the Sasang constitution by specialist of Sasang medicine, we measured the baseline emotional state(100 sec) before the stimulus, the changing emotional state(100 sec) while fearful film was being played. And we rechecked the emotional state(100 sec) while taking a rest. At last, volunteers checked the questionnaire for emotional response. We analysed ECG data with HRV-time domain and frequency domain analysis. Results : (1) There were no significant difference in Mean-RR , SDNN between each groups. (2) LF of Taeumin group significantly increased by the emotional stimulation compared with other groups. (3) There was no significant difference in TP, HF, normalized LF, normalized HF, but the variation of each period in Taeumin group was bigger than those of other groups. (4) Soeumin group reported that they felt significant disgust-emotion in the questionnaire compared with other groups. Conclusion : Taeumin group showed significant emotional changes on HRV by fear stimulus film.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

The main objective of our research is analyzing user's emotional changes while using a product, to reveal the influence of usability on human emotions. In this study we have extracted some emotional words that can come up during user interaction with a product and reveal emotional changes through three methods. Finally, we extracted 88 emotional words for measuring user's emotions expressed while using products. And we categorized the 88 words to form 6 groups by using factor analysis. The 6 categories that were extracted as a result of this study were found to be user's representative emotions expressed while using products. It is expected that emotional words and user's representative emotions extracted in this study will be used as subjective evaluation data that is required to measure user's emotional changes while using a product. Also, we proposed the effective methods for measuring user's emotion expressed while using a product in the environment which is natural and accessible for the field of design, by using the emotion mouse and the Eyegaze. An examinee performs several tasks with the emotion mouse through the mobile phone simulator on the computer monitor connected to the Eyegaze. While testing, the emotion mouse senses user's EDA and PPG and transmits the data to the computer. In addition, the Eyegaze can observe the change of pupil size. And a video camera records user's facial expression while testing. After each testing, a subjective evaluation on the emotional changes expressed by the user is performed by the user him/herself using the emotional words extracted from the above study. We aim to evaluate the satisfaction level of usability of the product and compare it with the actual experiment results. Through continuous studies based on these researches, we hope to supply a basic framework for the development of interface with consideration to the user's emotions.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of emotional labor of nursing personnel working in comprehensive nursing service ward and to suggest the way service improvement can be achieved. Methods: A total of 28 nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward were divided into four groups to conduct focus group interview. All interviews were recorded and transcribed after the interview to perform data analysis in the order of data classification, topic categorization, and keyword derivation. Results: The five categories of subjects and relating keywords drawn from the focus group interviews are as follows: 1) Emotional labor experience: suppressing emotions, expressing emotions or actions that are different from reality, 2) Situations of emotional labor: verbal abuse and assault, sexual harassment, personal needs and errands, 3) Responses to emotional labor: responding directly, responding directly, receiving senior's help, using the organizational system, persevering, 4) Problems caused by emotional labor: work exhaustion, job change intention, job stress, 5) Protection plan against emotional labor: manual or education for nurses, education for patients and carers, compensation, tough sanctions though system strengthening. Conclusion: This study shows that although nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward generally experience high levels of emotional labor, the problem solving of them relies mainly on personal response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various measures to protect nurses in an organizational level response, thus to improve the comprehensive nursing service system.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2019

본 연구는 중국 밀레니얼 세대가 인식하는 디자인에서의 고급감성을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해, 첫째 밀레니얼 세대의 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 디자인에서 고급감성에 대한 이론적 개념을 정리하였다. 둘째, 중국 북경에 거주하는 50명의 밀레니얼 세대를 대상으로 그들이 생각하는 고급 감성 이미지를 수집하고 이를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 중국 밀레니얼 세대가 인식하는 디자인에서의 고급감성은 시대변화에 따른 기술의 혁신성, 다른 집단과 나를 구별 짓는 사회적 우월성, 자문화에 대해 자부심을 갖는 문화적 우수성으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중국 밀레니얼 세대의 감성을 이해하고 그들을 대상으로 한 디자인 전략을 수립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2011

Objectives : The study set out to analyze correlations between emotional labor and job stress among dental hygienist, who have direct and lasting relationships with patients in dental clinic, and provide basic data to resolve stressors and manage stress. Methods : A survey was taken among dental hygienists working at dental clinics, and 200 questionnaires were used in analysis. The gathered data were put to Cronbach's alpha with the SPSS WIN12.0 program to test the reliability of the inventories to measure their emotional labor and job stress. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to examine relations between the items of emotional labor and those of job stress along with regression analysis to examine relations between emotional labor and job stress. Finally, t-test and One-way ANOVA were conducted to test mean differences in the job stress items according to the degrees of emotional labor with the statistical significance level set at 0.05. Results : 1. The measurement tool used in the study recorded 0.7 for all the areas of Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability and thus achieved high reliability. 2. The overall mean of emotional labor was 2.74, which indicates that the dental hygienists had 'average' or higher stress for emotional labor. 3. Emotional labor had statistically significant relations with educational background, place of work, motivation to choose to be a dental hygienist, and religion of their general characteristics. 4. There was statistical significance in relations between general characteristics and job stress according to educational background, position at work, and experience with change of occupation. 5. The correlations between emotional labor and the stress areas were analyzed. As a result, emotional labor was in positive(+) correlations with job demand, lack of job autonomy, relational conflict, job instability, organizational system, and corporate culture. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to test causal relations between emotional labor and job stress. The results indicate that there were positive(+) influences between emotional labor and job stress. Conclusions : The results show that emotional labor can serve as a mediating variable for job stress in dental clinic. Thus both dental clinics and dental hygienists need to have ways to deal with job stress derived from emotional labor in which they are forced to process their emotions according to the dental clinics' demands, properly. The study will hopefully trigger ongoing follow-up researches on the deployment of dental hygienists according to their job characteristics and the situational variables to alleviate the negative results of emotional labor.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to evaluate the emotional change of a driver according to the change of temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ gas concentration and $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration in the automobile by electroencephalogram(EEG) spectrum analysis. The experiment was performed in an automobile simulated shielding room with healthy volunteers(age : 18-31, male : 14, female : 7). The subject's emotion at every different condition was indexed 11-point scale(+5 : most pleasant, -5 : least pleasant). The emotion index at each condition resulted in as follows; in temperature $1.00(23.5^{\circ}C)$, $-2.33(30.5^{\circ}C)$, in humidity 1.50(45%), -1.50(65%), in $CO_2$ gas concentration 0.67(500ppm), -0.57(6,000ppm), in $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration -0.25(0ppm), -2.75(1,200ppm). From EEG spectrum analysis, the average mean power frequency(MPF) value at each different condition was shown as follows; in temperature $5.48(23.5^{\circ}C)$, $4.06(30.5^{\circ}C)$, in humidity 11.03(45%), 3.03(65%), in $CO_2$ gas concentration 7.16(500ppm), 6.38(6,000ppm), in $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration 10.21(0ppm), 2.87(1,200ppm). When the environment became unpleasant to the subject, all of the obtained MPF values were decreased. It was found that there is close agreement between subjective evaluation by subject's scaling and objective evaluation by EEG spectrum analysis at different environment. These results indicated that the EEG spectrum analysis is a proper method to assess emotional response of a driver in the changing automobile environment.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

This study conducted a horticultural therapy program for trainees entrusted to the Juvenile Classification Review Center in order to fill the educational gap while providing emotional stability during the one-month period of commissioned education. The effects of horticultural therapy were examined by the pretest and posttest changes of the emotional items such as anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy and stress index. As the research method, this study used the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design on 16 female trainees of commissioned education staying at the Juvenile Classification Review Center in the juvenile reformatory located in A city. The horticultural therapy program was carried out in four sessions: two on flower arrangement and two on planting. The scores before and after the horticultural therapy program were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) to examine the effects of horticultural therapy on the reduction of anxiety for the adolescents staying in the Juvenile Classification Review Center. The results show that there was significant decrease in the mean of anxiety from 62.5 (SD = 6.8) to 57.6 (SD = 8.1) points after the program (p = .002). There was no significant change in self-esteem, which was 76.9 (SD = 11.2) before the horticultural therapy and 78.3 (SD = 8.7) after the therapy (p = .420). In self-efficacy, there was no significant change from 72.9 (SD = 10.9) before and 75.1 (SD = 11.0) after horticultural therapy (p = .178). In order to examine the physiological changes in such emotional functions, this study measured the stress index using the uBioMacpa as the tool. The result of the measurement showed that there was a significant change in the mean from 33.8 (SD = 2.3) before to 31.1 (SD = 2.2) after the horticultural therapy (p < .001).

• 지역과문화
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2021

본 연구는 공연 활동에서 자신의 감정을 숨기고 통제하는 전통공연예술인의 감정노동과 그 감정노동의 구성요소 및 특성을 파악하고자 전통공연예술인을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰하고 Giorgi의 분석방법으로 분석한 문화기술지 연구이다. 분석결과 첫째, 전통공연예술인의 감정노동을 야기하는 요소는 공연 중 외부적·내부적인 요소로 나눌 수 있다. 외부적 요소는 관객의 감정을 끌어내기 위해 감정을 만들어 내거나 억누르며 자신의 감정과는 다른 다양한 감정을 표현함에 따라 발생하였다. 또한 공연 장소와 공연 형태, 관객의 반응에 따라 감정노동이 발생하였다. 내부적 요소는 공연을 통해 관객을 만족시키기 위해 자발적으로 열정을 쏟아 공연에 임하며 실수에 대한 부담감과 관객 만족에 대한 부담감을 안고 있었다. 둘째, 공연 후 지속되는 복합적인 감정들이 감정노동의 후유증으로 남기도 한다. 셋째, 조직생활에서 비롯된 감정노동 요소가 영향을 주었으며, 이로 인하여 이직이나 퇴사를 고려하기도 하였다. 넷째, 예술인이라는 특수성으로 인해 사회에서 받는 부정적인 인식과 현대예술과 전통예술과의 차별과 편견, 관행으로 인해 발생하는 감정노동이다. 연구결과 전통공연예술인들은 개인의 취미 활동, 동료들과의 수다 등으로 감정노동을 해소하고 있었으며, 직업적 감정노동을 감정노동으로 인식하지 못하고 당연하게 받아들이고 있었다. 본 연구는 전통공연예술인의 감정노동에 관한 연구로서 공연예술인을 감정노동자로 인식하고 감정노동의 구성요소와 특성을 분석한 기초연구로써 연구 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Gagamhwanggeum-tang on emotional facial flush. Methods : This case study was done on 3 Facial Flush patients who have visited Korean Medicine Clinic. Gagamhwanggeum-tang was prescribed to all 3 patients and evaluated the symptom change through photographs and questionnaire. Investigator's Global Assessment(IGA) was used to evaluate the objective symptom and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to evaluate the subjective change Results & Conclusion : The IGA and VAS were decreased in 3 patients in our study. Most symptoms of 3 patients were improved. As a result of examining IGA, VAS scores and photographs, Gagamhwanggeum-tang can be effective on emotional facial flush in 3 case in our study.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the changes in turnover intention according to the level of occupational stress and to find the mediating factor that reducing the turnover intention among fire officer. To compare change of turnover intention according to the degree of occupational stress, statistical analyses were done by using the logistic regression model. In logistic regression analysis, the possibility of high turnover intention in a group with high occupational stress was hjgher by 4.11 times than a group with low occupational stress. The results of analyzing the degree of change in turnover intention after applying the mediating parameters(physical condition, emotional labor, burn out), turnover intention decreased by about 50.6%(from 4.11 times to 2.03 times) at the high level of occupational stress. As a result, it was found that the occupational stress experienced by the fire-officers had a positive effect on the turnover intention. In order to reduce the turnover intention due to the occupational stress of the fire-officers, it is necessary to manage factors such as work environmental factors(emotional labor, burn out) and individual factor(physical condition).