• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.68-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between behavioral inhibition, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and social anxiety among Korean middle school students. In addition, we examined whether ambivalence over emotional expressiveness mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety. For this aim, we conducted a survey of 357 first-third grade students from 6 middle schools located in the cities of Wonju, Seoul, Suwon, Suncheon, and Kwangju. Survey data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Sobel test using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results were as follows: First, there was a positive correlation between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety on ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. Second, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was found to partially mediate the relationships between behavioral inhibition and interpersonal anxiety as well as performance anxiety. In other words, while behavioral inhibition tends to affect interpersonal anxiety and performance anxiety in a very direct way, it also influences them indirectly by increasing the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. These results suggest that counseling of middle school students with social anxiety due to innate behavioral inhibition should seek to reduce their social anxiety by decreasing their ambivalence over emotional expressiveness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.149-168
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• 2012

This study explored the effects of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (AEE) and mother-adolescent communication on adolescent depression (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, interpersonal difficulties). Data were taken from 233 middle school students (128 boys, 105 girls) and their mothers. Regression analyses showed varying gender differences in the relationships among these variables. Boys with high maternal AEE had lower positive affect, and higher depressive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, and interpersonal difficulties, whereas girls' moods were not influenced by maternal AEE. In addition, boys with problems in mother-dolescent communication exhibited lower positive affect, higher depressed affect and interpersonal difficulties, but open communication was not related to any depressive symptoms. The mother-adolescent communication type did not appear to be associated with depression in girls either. Both boys and girls both had less open communication and more problem communication with mothers experiencing high AEE. Problem communication with mothers partially mediated the relationship between maternal AEE and interpersonal difficulties in boys only. Examination of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness provides a deeper context for our understanding of negative family communication patterns and the psychological consequences, especially in mother-adolescent boy dyads.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.748-760
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expression and psychological flexibility on the relationship between employees' beliefs about emotional expression and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. The subjects of this study were 346 employees(male: 176, female:170) over the age of 19. Questionnaires including beliefs about emotional expression, ambivalence over emotional expression, psychological flexibility, attitude toward seeking professional psychological help were conducted and the collected data were analyzed by using SPSS and Macro. A summary of the results as follows. First, in the results of the correlation analysis on the primary factors had a significant correlation. Second, psychological flexibility had a mediating effect in the relationship between beliefs about emotional expression and attitude toward seeking psychological help while mediating effect of ambivalence over emotional expression was not significant. Lastly, the sequential mediating effect of ambivalence over emotional expression and psychological flexibility between beliefs about emotional expression and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help was significant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.641-652
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• 2019

The current study was conducted to examine the dual mediating effect of dysfunctional belief and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in the relationship between the parents' psychological control scale perceived by university students and interpersonal problems. For that purpose, 305 4-year university students in G Metropolitan City and J Province were surveyed to rate the parents' psychological control scale, dysfunctional belief, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and interpersonal problems. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Macro. As a result, it was found that dysfunctional belief and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness had a mediating effect in the relationship between the parents' psychological control scale and interpersonal problems. Also, dysfunctional belief and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness had a dual mediating effect on the relationship between psychological control scale and interpersonal problems. As a result of testing the significance of the mediating effect through Bootstrapping, dysfunctional belief and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness had a significant dual mediating effect. The purpose of the current study was to establish a useful theoretical foundation for counseling strategies to efficiently help through counseling the university students who are having difficulties with interpersonal relations due to parental control.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-71
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to testify the relationship of parental psychological control perceived by young adults in twenties and their social anxiety, and the mediating effects of internalized shame and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in the model. The online questionnaires were administered to 350 young adults in twenties to assess the four major variables(parental psychological control, internalized shame, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and social anxiety). In correlation analysis, parental psychological control, social anxiety, internalized shame and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness were positively correlated. Bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating effects, and this study here is statistically significant revealing the path of parental psychological control to social anxiety by mediator such as internalized shame and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. Finally, parental psychological control-social anxiety partial mediator model was supported. As a result of the study, the higher the level of parental psychological control, the higher the level of internalized shame and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and subsequently the higher the level of social anxiety in twenties. The implication and limitation of this study, and future tasks were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-136
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• 2007

A trustworthy counseling relationship is an important variable for an effective counseling progression and counseling goal achieving. This study was designed to examine effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance. Objects of this study were clients in university counseling centers, counseling centers for adolescents and private counseling institutes. Clients were asked to answer an ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire, a counselor perception questionnaire and a working alliance questionnaire. Total 97 cases were collected and the data was analysed by multiple regression method. The results were as followed; ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was not significantly related to working alliance. However, counselor perception was significantly related to working alliance. That is, the more positively counselors were perceived, the better working alliance was. Effects of counselor perception's sub-factors on working alliance were also found; attractiveness was significantly related to working alliance but trustworthiness and expertness were not. An interaction of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance was also significant. As for those clients who were high at the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, working alliance was increased in case they had positive counselor perception. In conclusion, it is not personality factors but that counselor perception that makes the difference in working alliance

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.35-52
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare college students' emoticon use for positive behavior and to analyze the impact of the factors. This study is consisted of 66 questions based on Social demographic characteristics, personality characteristics factors and both scales of emotional expression. The operational test was administered to 340 college students. In an effort to calibrate emoticon use of positive behavior, the results displayed significance differences depending on the gender and grade of the students. Women used more emoticons than men, and freshman used more emoticons than any other year of students. Women used more emoticons such as texts, images, and flash more than men. Students in their freshman year were shown to use more emoticons than students in other grade levels. Emotional expression was strongly related man with personality traits of integrity. Personality traits of sensitivity, openness, intimacy, and sincerity had a significant influence on the emotional expression. An emoticon is, therefore, be a useful tool to express their emotions. Male and female students with higher levels of congeniality had expressed more emotions that were self-defence ambivalent and concerned-relation ambivalent. However, in the case of the female students, those with higher levels of self-defence ambivalent emotional expressiveness had a lower usage of positive emoticons, while male students with higher levels of self-defence emotional expressiveness used more positive emoticons. Higher levels of congeniality among groups that use mobile emoticons with their parents, whether the frequency of use was high or low, were associated with higher levels of self-defence ambivalence and concerned-relation ambivalence. Those with higher levels of sincerity had low levels of self-defence ambivalence and concerned-relation ambivalence, and those with higher levels of concerned-relation ambivalence had higher levels of positive emoticon usage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.137-147
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• 2019

We identified the mediating role of interpersonal issues in the relationship between adult attachment type and emotional expression ambivalence. The subjects of the study were 327 emotional workers who lived in five cities. As the scale, ECR-R, AEQ-K, and IIP were used. Sobel verification was performed after multiple regression analysis. The results show that the interpersonal problem partially mediates between the attachment and emotional expression ambivalence. This suggests that the characteristics of interpersonal relationships affect emotional emotions in forming close attachment relationships of emotional workers. Subsequent research will expand the scope of research by supplementing the shortcomings of existing research.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

Social media which includes Facebook enable users to construct relationships and networks as well as sharing of information. By enlisting Facebook users as proxy, this paper attempted to analyze the different emotional states experienced by social media users, specifically to gauge what effect their usage motivation and usage pattern had on the ambivalence level of the users. The quantitative survey result revealed that usage duration or the time of day when Facebook was accessed had no relevant impact on one's ambivalence level. However, there was a direct correlation between frequency of Facebook usage and the ambivalence level. The more the user logged onto Facebook the more suppressed his or her expression became due to fear of giving negative impressions to others and also receiving their negative feedbacks, which then subsequently added to the user's ambivalence. People's main reasons for using Facebook were identified as "chatting," "communicating," "maintaining relationships," "relationship building," "networking," and "finding information about friends," but only "maintaining relationships," "communicating," and "networking" had observable effect on ambivalence. There were no noticeable differences among genders with regards to ambivalence and usage levels, but there was a marked difference based on the user's age. For example, people in their forties showed higher levels of ambivalence than those in their twenties. This may be attributed to anxiety they face as they use Facebook primarily to expand their networks and to maintain relationships. As such, it is surmised that their fatigue level from using social media will only increase. Meanwhile, Korean Facebook user's emotional manifestation tended to skew toward relation-involved ambivalence rather than the self-defensive type. This relation-involved ambivalence might be something that can actually help prevent damage to relationships by limiting excessive emotional expressions. In other words, such ambivalence by Facebook users may be a positive element in a user's social media interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of covert narcissism on life satisfaction by applying ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for adults in their 20s and 30s in Korea. To this end, a self-reported survey was conducted on 433 adults, and data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results were as follows; First, covert narcissism had a positive correlation with the emotional expression ambivalence. Second, we were able to confirm that emotional expression falsified life satisfaction. Third, we were able to confirm that covert narcissism falsified life satisfaction. Fourth, the relationships between covert narcissism and life satisfaction as well as ambivalence and emotional expressiveness had mediating effects. Based on our results, we discussed the implications of understanding and proper emotional expression in the relationship between covert narcissism and life satisfaction of people in their 20s and 30s, which has been suppressed by identifying their role as a major parameter. In addition, this study was able to explore the causes of social problems for those in their 20s and 30s.