• 유통과학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-111
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• 2005

As the environments of world economy have been changed so rapidly, the conditions of marketing and distribution also have been altered. In korea distribution industry has been changed according to the introduction of various patterns of distribution and marketing. Among them the emerging of network marketing, same meaning with multi-level marketing in this research, is a important phenomenon of distribution industry in Korea. Not only it contributes the progress of national economy, especially distribution industry, but also it includes some limitations and criticism from the dissenters. In this paper, the clear definitions and characteristics of network marketing are suggested. And the current situations of network marketing in this country has been analyzed and compared, The future perspectives and problems of this network marketing have been diagnosed and classified for the future development and contribution for national economy. The various alternatives for the future development of network marketing have been studied and suggested in terms of each role of this industry such as distributers, consumers and government. Though this paper has a small contribution, it contains many limitations for research. Therefore it suggest future directions for further research.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2010

For commercial success of emerging service robots, the fault tolerant technology for system reliability and human safety is crucial. Traditionally fault tolerance methods have been implemented in application level. However, from our studies on the common design patterns in fault tolerance, we argue that a framework-based approach provides many benefits in providing reliability for system development. To demonstrate the benefits, we build a framework-based fault tolerant engine for OPRoS (Open Platform for Robotic Services) standards. The fault manager in framework provides a set of fault tolerant measures of detection, isolation, and recovery. The system integrators choose the appropriate fault handling tools by declaring XML configuration descriptors, considering the constraints of components and operating environment. By building a fault tolerant navigation application from the non-faulttolerant components, we demonstrate the usability and benefits of the proposed framework-based approach.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The Asian cultural landscape is a mirrored ecosystem of great complexity, formed by the interaction of man and nature, coupled with a host of ecological processes. The human dependencies on and environmental adaptation of the bio-organisms and the surrounding landscape constitute the typical cultural landscape. Islands are a good example of a cultural landscape, and each mosaic pattern of marine and coastal ecosystems reflects bio-cultural diversity. Along with land-use patterns, wise use of biological organisms and indigenous knowledge has expanded to islands in the Asia-Pacific region in several ways (sea current and human impact, etc.). Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity as well as cultural diversity owing to global warming and rapid urbanization are emerging issues for island ecosystems all over the world. In order to sustain the historical coexistence between man and natural systems, we ecologists must continue to search for a holistic solution for academic consilience. In this paper, I present the vision and practical characteristics of island ecology with a view toward the conservation of the traditional landscape and bio-cultural diversities in the seascape.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2014

Inflammation is one mechanism through which cancer is initiated and progresses, and is implicated in the etiology of other conditions that affect cancer risk and prognosis, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and visceral obesity. Emerging human evidence, primarily epidemiological, suggests that walnuts impact risk of these chronic diseases via inflammation. The published literature documents associations between walnut consumption and reduced risk of cancer, and mortality from cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, particularly within the context of the Mediterranean Diet. While encouraging, follow-up in human intervention trials is needed to better elucidate any potential cancer prevention effect of walnuts, per se. In humans, the far-reaching positive effects of a plant-based diet that includes walnuts may be the most critical message for the public. Indeed, appropriate translation of nutrition research is essential for facilitating healthful consumer dietary behavior. This paper will explore the translation and application of human evidence regarding connections with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation to the development of dietary guidance for the public and individualized dietary advice. Strategies for encouraging dietary patterns that may reduce cancer risk will be explored.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

Open housing is an emerging, new concept in housing development that combines demand-orientation with environment-friendliness. Its methodology, however, has not been analyzed in a systematic way. In this study, the features of planning method in open housing were analyzed to systematize types of the planning method. The existing planning methods of open housing was reviewed and they can be classified into three approaches such as pattern, module and organization planning. Given three approaches, the existing planning methods of open housing can be sub-classified as follows; free and patterned planning by patterns, modular and non-modular planning by modules, and hierarchical and non-hierarchial planning by organizations. The framework for the typological analysis was made based on the classification and a composite typological system was drawn from the analysis of the existing planning features. The suggested classification of features in open housing is expected to contribute to the clear definition of characteristics on open housing to provide a basis for the concrete realization method, to analyzing problems with the existing planning methods and to providing their solutions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2015

Purpose - Conspicuous consumption is the public display of wealth to impress others. In this study, consumption patterns by social class and economic development of countries were theoretically examined. Research design, Data, and Methodology - A qualitative approach of historical investigation and literature review was employed to identify current trends and emerging phenomena in the areas of consumer behavior and conspicuous consumption. Result - The main participants of conspicuous consumption have changed from the upper class in developing countries to the middle class in developed countries. While the main purpose of conspicuous consumption, that is, achieving higher status, remains unchanged, a leisure upper class has emerged as a new consumer group for conspicuous consumption in developed countries. Conclusions - To satisfy consumers'demands for new conspicuous consumption, marketers are encouraged to offer luxury experience and hybrid products.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2000

This paper deals with the social system from the point of system thinking consisting the fundamental construct of system dynamics. The Bertalanffy's general system theory, having been criticized because of its ambiguity, and the complex science theory, emerging system theory, are integrated by using the system thinking which is characterized with three concepts, 'feedback thinking', 'dynamic thinking', 'operational thinking'. In the integration, system thinking suggests the dynamic pattern of the social system have not only an equilibrium status but also complex status. The science of complexity gives an implication to system dynamics the important of the uncertainty and complexity if we interpret the social system as an open system. To show more concrete description, I simulate the cooperation model based on the iterated prisoner dilemma. The simulation results show the diverse patterns of cooperation and betrayal. Especially the sensitivity of initial payoff will cause the chaotic strategic landscapes as the game gose on. These results mean that we should not give the hasty prescription to control social system artificially. Because social system retains the self-organizing force in itself.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.676-678
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• 2005

Future Mobile displays and the emerging systems on Glass for the upcoming TFT_LCDs or Active-OLEDs based on LTPS, and the exciting c-Si critically require very-high resolution lithography. We report the methodology and latest results on the alignment, magnification control and stitching systems on a HMA500 holographic mask aligner for printing $0.5{\mu}m-resolution$ display patterns onto glass substrates of dimensions up to $500mm{\times}400mm$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2014

Hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force acting on vascular endothelial cells, is crucial for endothelial homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. When discussing blood flow effects on various forms of endothelial (dys)function, one considers two flow patterns: steady laminar flow and disturbed flow because endothelial cells respond differently to these flow types both in vivo and in vitro. Laminar flow which exerts steady laminar shear stress is atheroprotective while disturbed flow creates an atheroprone environment. Emerging evidence has provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms of flowdependent regulation of vascular function that leads to cardiovascular events such as atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and myocardial infarction. In order to study effects of shear stress and different types of flow, various models have been used. In this review, we will summarize our current views on how disturbed flow-mediated signaling pathways are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2013

We present recent human-vehicle interaction (HVI) research conducted in the area of defense and military application. Research topics discussed in this paper include: training simulation for overland navigation tasks; expertise effects in overland navigation performance and scan patterns; pilot's perception and confidence on an overland navigation task; effects of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) supervisory control on F-18 formation flight performance in a simulator environment; autonomy balancing in a manned-unmanned teaming (MUT) swarm attack, enabling visual detection of IED (Improvised Explosive Device) indicators through Perceptual Learning Assessment and Training; usability test on DaViTo (Data Visualization Tool); and modeling peripheral vision for moving target search and detection. Diverse and leading HVI study in the defense domain suggests future research direction in other HVI emerging areas such as automotive industry and aviation domain.