• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.521-531
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• 2013

Temporary residence in disaster scenarios emergency response system designed for utilizing emergency incident types identified through the rapid emergency response procedures and proper application of the resulting accident is very important in order to minimize the damage. In this study, emergency disaster expected to analyze the potential for accidents, the possible accident scenarios emergency disaster preparedness These were derived on the basis of temporary residence in the emergency scenario, the scenario for the emergency response and recovery measures were derived. In addition, each event of an emergency response scenario to be taken during the emergency response requirements for emergency response to a step-by-step behavior was defined by the subject. In addition, subject-specific, step-by-step emergency disaster scenarios emergency response is quick and can be done in a comprehensive foundation was laid.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

When emergency evasion during running is required, a driver sometimes causes a vehicle to drift, that is, a condition in which the rear wheels skid due to rapid steering. Under such conditions, the vehicle enters a very unstable state and often becomes uncontrollable. An unstable state of the vehicle induced by rapid steering was simulated and the effect of differential steering assistance was examined. Results indicate that, in emergency evasion while cornering and during which the vehicle begins to drift, unstable behavior like spins can be avoided by differential steering assistance and both the stability and control of the vehicle is improved remarkably. In addition, reduction of overshoot during spin evasion by the differential steering assistance has been shown to enable the vehicle to return to a state of stability in a short time in emergency evasion during straight-line running. Moreover, the effectiveness of differential steering assistance during emergency evasion was confirmed using a driving simulator.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2000

The purpose of this study to test the effect of health education on the performance of health promoting behavior in E.M.T. students. The data were collected from 77 EMT students by questionnaire. The first survey were conducted from March 20 to April 2. The second survey were conducted from August 8 to September 5 on same group. The data were analyzed by pecentage, mean, t-test using SAS program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. The average item score for the health promoting was 2.35 at freshman. 2. The average item score for the health promoting was 2.59 after one year on same group. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was personal relationship support, self-actualization, stress management, nutrition and health responsibility and the lowest degree was sports. 3. Hypothesis that the EMT student who get health education will have a higher degree of health promoting behavior than the freshman EMT student was accepted.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify low pain prevalence rate and factors affecting low back pain in emergency medical technicians. Method: A descriptive relationship research design was utilized. The participants were 74 emergency medical technicians who worked at fire stations in W and J city and agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected between April and August 2008 using a questionnaire, which included demographic factors, severity of low back pain using a visual analog scale, factors related to low back pain and health behavior, and BMI. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were performed for data analysis. Results: 85.1% of emergency medical technicians experienced low back pain. The mean score of low back pain was relatively low (M=4.0, SD=2.33). Significant factors affecting low back pain were found to be age, marital status, exercise, hours of standing work, and BMI. These variables explained 35.1% of variance in low back pain (F=8.45, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that further research is needed to develop interventions for prevention and management of low back pain among emergency medical technicians.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

Currently, we have seen sudden increase of demand for emergency medical services by reason for high-speed economic development increase of traffics, etc. in this society. Consequently the government enforced & operated emergency medical system in 1991 as a link of more positive countermeasure against it, but many problem; still remain in reality. In particular, the regional emergency medical center designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare falls short of our expectations for its essential role by the reason of such as insufficiency in professional manpower and institutions concerned in small-scale hospital, matters with transportation system, preference of large hospital, etc. Therefore, this study was conducted grasp for the actual conditions of emergency medical system based upon literature research & the preceding studies and interview research the motive of coming hospital, satisfaction & understand to the subject of 150 persons of patients and their guardians who used regional emergency center of Pusan National University Hospital, thereby examining & analysing the cause of emergency room overcrowding by non-emergency cases, one of the problem; enumerated from preceding studies. The main result of this study is as follows. First the actual condition of non-emergency patients coming hospital for examining overcrowding of emergency medical center showed that, of the patients who used the emergency medical center, non-emergency patients accounted for 49.3%, which acted as the main cause of delaying medical care for emergency cases, cases of which medical person or first-aid man decided to come hospital accounted for 36.1 %, thereby suggesting essential need for re-education & wide public information to even the professional manpower besides patients & guardians for their using emergency medical system. Second, as the result of researching patient acknowledgement with reference to their using emergency medical center, the rate of their giving right answer is no more than 60%, which means that non-emergency cases' using as such is due to the shortage of their knowledge of the said emergency medical center, which suggests us that wider P.R for emergency medical system to common people who may be one of the patients of it at any time is still in need. Third, the result of researching for finding out a future remedy of emergency medical system showed that the users who know well of the way of using emergency medical center had relatively high satisfaction of it, ones who have lesser knowledge of it lower satisfaction and users who feel in need of emergency specialized manpower feel the necessity of public information of emergency medical information center(1339) at the same time. The finding of examining the subject of study, in conclusion, showed that the degree of the patients & their guardians' understanding of emergency medical system is lower and the medical persons concerned also had no distinct difference in their understanding of it from the common people's, which suggests us for extensive enforcement of systematic education and public information in aspect of the government via various media for the purpose of effective operation of emergency medical center.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2006

Purpose: This research is intended to investigate the EMT students' Knowledge, attitude and behavior and then identify the predictors of the EMT students' attitude. Method: The purpose of study was to examine EMT students' knowledge and attitude toward the elderly using a survey of 286. the instruments in this study were palmore's FAQI(1998) and the 20 item semantic differential scale developed by sanders et al. (1984). Results: The results of this study were as follows : 1. The measuring of respondents' knowledge of the elderly revealed they scored an average of 10.17(${\pm}3.30$) of the full score 25. It also said their success rate to choose the answer on the elderly was 39.59%. 2. Attitudes toward the elderly weren't significantly different EMT students. 3. EMT students educational level and religion were found to impact their attitudes toward the elderly. 4. The feelings from their previous co-living experience with the elderly were significant factors. EMT students attitudes toward the elderly had an significant effect on co-living experience and the feelings in education programs toward the elderly. Conclusion : A well-designed program is essential to change the attitudes toward elderly because The feelings in education programs for the elderly are very important. with more knowledge of the elderly, the attitudes toward the elderly is expected to be more positive. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the enough knowledge of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examines and compares the differences between self-esteem and health promotion behavior of health department and non-health department college students. Method: The research instruments were as follows : The first one is RSES developed by Rosenberg and translated into Korean by Jeon. The second one is HPLP developed by Walker et al, and including six subareas by Lee and modified to be suitable to Korean culture by Suh. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS PC/12.0. Results : 1. Comparison of self-esteem had no significant difference(p=.190) and health promotion behaviors had significant differences(p=.000) between the two groups. 2. According to general characteristics and health-related characteristics, the differences of self-esteem in health department showed significant differences in grade(p=.020), sex(p=.000), age(p=.000), parents' economic conditions(p=.048), and smoking(p=.030) while non-health departments revealed significant differences in grade(p=.003), sex(p=.000), age(p=.000) and smoking(p=.001). 3. According to general characteristics and health-related characteristics, the differences of health promotion behaviors in health department showed significant differences in grade(p=.008), sex(p=.021), age(p=.000) and parents' economic conditions(p=.017) while non-health department revealed significant differences in sex(p=.000) and age(p=.000). 4. There were positive correlations between self-esteem, health promotion behaviors and subareas in health department (r=.422) and non-health department (r=.383). Conclusion: There were significant positive correlations between self-esteem and health promotion behaviors in health and non-health department college students. Therefore, health related programs should be developed to enhance self-esteem and health management by college students can influence themselves on self-esteem and health promotion behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.332-344
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms. Methods: A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks. Results: Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, ${\chi}^2=33.09$, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, ${\chi}^2=22.92$, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2009

Purpose: Many studies have addressed a psychiatric analysis of self-injury patients who have self-injurious behavior and who have attempted suicide. Few studies on the injury characteristics of self-injury related trauma patients have been conducted. We analyzed the injury characteristics of self-injury patients. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records extracted from the injury surveillance system of Wonju Christian Hospital for the period from August 2006 to February 2008 was conducted. Of the 121 cases extracted, 103 were included in this study. We analyzed the sex ratio, age group, place of injury, injury mechanism, location of injury, management results, injury severity, and relation with drinking. Results: One hundred three cases were included (sex ratio: 1.06), and the mean age was $33.9{\pm}14.2$ years old. Fifty-six patients (54.4%) were discharged from the emergency department (ED) on the day of injury after primary care, and 9 patients (8.7%) were discharged, because they refused treatment. Seven patients (6.8%) died. Of these, 4 patients (3.9%) died after attempted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in the ED, 1 patient (1%) was dead on arrival, and 2 patients (1.9%) died after admission. Sixteen patients (15.5%) were admitted to the hospital, including 2 patients (1.9%) needing emergency surgery. Sixteen patients (15.5%) were transferred to other hospitals. Sixty-one cases (59.2%) involved drinking, and 31 (30.1%) did not; for 11 cases (10.7%), the involvement of drinking was unknown. The mean revised trauma score (RTS) was $11.26{\pm}2.52$, and 88 cases (85.4%) hat a RTS of 12. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was $5.80{\pm}14.56$, and 9 (8.7%) severely injured patients had scores of more than 15. Conclusion: Most self-injuries were mild traumas related to drinking and occurred at a young age. Most cases were not so severe, and the patients were discharged from the ED, but some patients needed hospitalization. Other patients had injuries so severe that they died.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1998

The study was conducted to investigate the health promoting behavior, self-esteem and social support of college students. The subjects were 170 college students(health related department and non health related department) of college in K, C, U city. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics(9 items), health promoting behavior(47 items), self-esteem(10 items), social support(25 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Health promoting behavior were showed significant difference in two groups. 2. Health promoting behavior of two groups according to general characteristics were showed significnant difference in religon, personality, exercise, health food choice of A group and perceived health status, personality, exercise, health food choice of B group. 3. Significant correlation between exercise and health promoting behavior, self-esteem and social support, social support and health promting behavior in A group and between perceived health status and exercise, perceived health status and social support, perceived health status and health promoting behavior, self-steem and social support, exercise and health promoting behavior, self-esteem and health promoting behavior, social support and health promoting behavior in B group was found. 4. Significant correlations were found between most of the subscales of total health promoting behavior. 5. Predicting factor of health promoting behavior were social support and exercise in A group(51.74%) and social support, exercise and self-esteem in B group(41.18%).