• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2018

France has allowed a deprivation of nationality for terrorism since 1996 Law. After then, a series of law revision (1998, 2006 law and 2010, 2015-2015 reform tries) have not only linked an act of terror with nationality deprivation but also put the dual national and their deprivation at the centre of dispute. Both 2010 Immigration Law by Sarkozy and 2015-2016 constitutional amendment by Hollande had been not adopted but have combined immigrants and security issue together by firmly solidifying the relationship between dual national and terrorist. Especially in 2015-2016, the constitutional amendment that failed to be adopted has extended a state of emergency and left the nationality deprivation of dual national as controversial issue. After over 4 months of discussion, the amendment that contains a clause of a state of emergency and extension plan for nationality deprivation was abolished but the dual national issues which had been non-politicized has now become politicized, defined as security issues and finally securitized. It shows very two-stage process of securitization argued by Copenhagen school including Buzan. The importance of securitization notion by Copenhagen school lies on the fact that it scrutinizes the constructive elements of the process of securitization. The concept of securitization allows us to see the problem of the process that defines a non-politicized issue as security one by making it political matter. Applying this process of securitization into the controversy of nationality deprivation of dual nationals in France, we can find out the development of non-controversial and non-politicized dual national issues into social agenda by politicization through speech-act or announcement effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.448-449
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• 2016

Enlargement and complexification of current structures increase the expected casualty in case of accident in those e.g., fire. In that case, there only have been basic instructions such as announcement of that situation, alarm bell, exit signs, etc. but any guidance to lead to proper escape route was not been provided so far. To tackle the problem, several schemes have been proposed. However, various risk factors were not considered and route discovery performance must be improved to be applied to structures. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal route discovery system for emergency escape from disaster situations which takes into account various possible risk factors and enhances the searching efficiency by using the $A^{\ast}$ algorithm. Performance evaluation by computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme effectively leads to safe escape route.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2017

As the industry develops, the size of buildings and ships are getting bigger and more complicated. In such a complex space, emergency evacuation systems are required because of the possibility of casualties when an accident situation occurs. However, because present systems are composed of basic devices, such as alarms, emergency exit signs, and announcement regarding the situation and inform only the least information to evacuees, evacuees are not able to judge objectively. To solve these problems, various evacuation algorithms have been proposed. However, these studies aim to search evacuation routes based on specific risk factors or to model the effects of bottlenecks in evacuation situations. Therefore, there is a limit to apply to real systems. Therefore, we propose algorithms to search the optimal evacuation route considering various risk factors such as fire and bottleneck in evacuation situations and to be applicable in actual situation in this paper. Performance evaluation using computer simulations showed that the proposed scheme is effective.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.100-107
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• 2011

In this study, a simulated situation in which the visions of the evacuees were blocked by the smoke, which is one of the most dangerous factors that cause casualties in case of an emergency, was conducted for the evaluation of the performance of an evacuation guidance system. For this purpose, the behavior and time taken by the experiment subjects in simulated evacuation test were measured and analyzed. When the evacuation guidance sound signals were given by 4 speakers at the same time, most of the subject were disoriented and took generally longer in getting to the pre-designated evac point. And, using only one speaker instead of two showed a better result in terms of the evacuation behavior or and orientation. Also, when there were two or more speakers used for the broadcasting of the guidance message, it turned out that using Hass effect, and placing the speakers closer, could result in higher awareness of the guidance message and maintenance of the orientation, while it also made the subjects took short to get to the evac point.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.495-501
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• 2014

Users of passenger ships and cruise ships are rapidly increasing year by year, and the needs of the floating architecture are newly come out. But the studies about the passengers' safety and the countermeasures against incidents on board the ships are rare, although the ships' incidents are occurred averagely 15 cases per year during last 10 years. For the purposes of the analysis of the safety consciousness and gathering the some of input data for evacuation simulation for Korean passengers on board ships, this study performed surveys targeting ordinary 394 passengers who are not specially trained and/or accustomed with onboard living conditions. The results are the followings. The reliability on ships' safety is surveyed as 32.3%. Only 14.6% of respondents are aware that there were safety education on board ship during sailing. And 42.2% and 40.9% of respondents answered that they saw the map of emergency routes and knew where the life boats are, respectively. And 73.3% select crews' direct or in-direct(like announcement by indoor broadcasting system) guidances as the most effective evacuation method.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2007

The causes of the fire casualties were the heat burns, contacted by flame, before the period of industrialization. According to the economic has been developed drastically since 1990, residing space has been become bigger and sophistication and interior finishing materials have been diversified. Therefore, the suffocation casualties, caused by inspiration of toxic combustion gases, have been more increased than the flame casualties in recently. Also, the arson casualties have been increasing with the increasing of insurance crime to take the Insurance money. According to National Emergency Management Agency announcement, 31,778 fires was occurred nationwide in 2006 and the total casualties were 2,180 occurred. 446 persons were died among them. Because the exact investigation of fire, occurred the death, is very especially important that civil and criminal cases will be happened. Therefore, we studied about the cause of fire, the place of origin, and the group of casualties age on the axies of fires, which were occurred recently. And the identification method of fire casualties, the human behavior characteristic, the flame casualties and the suffocation casualties at fire scene.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2019

In airport terminal, aural information is transmitted during 24 hours a day including announcement, background music and emergency control. So, clear sound is mostly necessary to transmitted to the passengers in airports. IIA (Incheon International Airport) is one of the largest airports accommodating 45 million people a year which have been built since 2001. There are currently three passenger terminals including Terminal 1 & 2, and boarding concourse. The $2^{nd}$ passenger terminal is under construction to expand the spaces which will be finished in 2020. The present work aims to explain the design principles of both architectural acoustics and electo-acoustics which have been applied to all the terminal buildings in IIA including ticketing counter, great hall, departure concourse and transportation center. Also, the acoustical performances of those spaces were examined. As a result, acoustic standards for airport were suggested. Architectural concepts for designing ceiling spaces and sound absorption treatments were suggested. Also, electro-acoustic design principles were commented.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to promote the disaster safety village establishment project that fits the characteristics of rural areas by investigating and analyzing the operation cases of contents with regard to disaster safety villages in Korea and Japan. Method: The contents of project related to disaster safety villages in Korea and Japan were classified into resident participation contents, structured contents and unstructured contents, for examining the characteristics of such contents through investigation and analysis, and the contents (draft) of disaster safety village that fitted the characteristics of rural areas were presented. Result: The contents of resident participation include basic safety education, CPR education, life experience training of evacuation shelter, evacuation training, concurrent training of farming activity and disaster activity and creating a village safety map in connection with competent authorities. The enactment of an act and an ordinance for the establishment of disaster safety village, expert dispatch system, storm and flood insurance system and funding system to raise the fund for establishing a village were presented as unstructured contents. In addition, the production of self supporting evacuation shelter, wireless evacuation announcement system, disaster prevention system for a river, emergency evacuation sign, village safety map sign and the establishment of disaster prevention park were presented as structured contents. Conclusion: The unstructured contents are the establishment of foundation for preparing laws and institutions and the structured contents should be installed by utilizing eco-friendly methods in consideration of the environments of rural areas along with securing the safety. Moreover, resident participation should utilize the contents by considering various items such as age, characteristics and environments of residents in rural villages.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.411-421
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• 2021

The purpose of the study was to identify the untact medical services campaign awareness in COVID-19 era using Q methodology. We used subjective analysis for this purpose and examined 1) what are the types of untact medical services campaign awareness? and 2) what are the homogeneous characteristics and implications between each type? We composed a Q concourse through interviews with university students to write Q statements, selected a P sample, and used Q-sort obtained from the sorting process to analyze it through Q-factor analysis in the PC QUANL program. Q methodology was used to examine the subjective tendency of untact medical services campaign awareness in COVID-19 era. As a result of the analysis, four types were identified. 1) Type 1 (N=7): Belief & official announcement type, 2) Type 2 (N=4): Governmental notice type, 3) Type 3 (N=3): Medical information public notice type, 4) Type 4 (N=2): Sympathetic information type. An insightful analysis was derived in that the analysis could identify factors in the schema of respondents related to untact medical services in COVID-19 era.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Law was activated into force on March 2009. By the law, the obligation to monitor the effect of earthquake on the facilities was extended to many organizations such as gas company and local governments. Based on the estimation of National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the number of free-surface acceleration stations would be expanded to more than 400. The advent of internet protocol and the more simplified operation have allowed the quick and easy installation of seismic stations. In addition, the dynamic range of seismic instruments has been continuously improved enough to evaluate damage intensity and to alert alarm directly for earthquake hazard mitigation. For direct visualization of damage intensity and area, Real Time Intensity COlor Mapping (RTICOM) is explained in detail. RTICOM would be used to retrieve the essential information for damage evaluation, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Destructive earthquake damage is usually due to surface waves which just follow S wave. The peak amplitude of surface wave would be pre-estimated from the amplitude and frequency content of first arrival P wave. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system is conventionally defined to estimate local magnitude from P wave. The status of EEW is reviewed and the application of EEW to Odesan earthquake is exampled with ShakeMap in order to make clear its appearance. In the sense of rapidity, the earthquake announcement of Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA) might be dramatically improved by the adaption of EEW. In order to realize hazard mitigation, EEW should be applied to the local crucial facilities such as nuclear power plants and fragile semi-conduct plant. The distributed EEW is introduced with the application example of Uljin earthquake. Not only Nation-wide but also locally distributed EEW applications, all relevant information is needed to be shared in real time. The plan of extension of Korea Integrated Seismic System (KISS) is briefly explained in order to future cooperation of data sharing and utilization.