• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This study was carried out to improve the ability of embryo formation and the efficiency of plant regeneration from suspension cultured cells of seed derived calli of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The frequency of formation of round cell and cell colonies was highest at 50 days after suspension culture in $N_6$ medium supplemented with $4\;g/{\ell}$ casein hydrolysate (CH), $20\;g/{\ell}$ sucrose and $30\;g/{\ell}$ sorbitol. The highest frequency of plant regeneration and somatic embryo formation was obtained from suspension cultured cells of 60 days. Addition of CH ($4\;g/{\ell}$) in suspension culture medium gave the highest frequency of embryo formation (39.6%) and plant regeneration (73.0%).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

Kalopanax pictus was cultured in vitro to find out optimal condition for embryogenic cells proliferation in liquid media rapidly. Embryogenic cells were induced from leaves and petiols of Kalopanax pictus. Optimum culture medium appeared to be a 1/2MS medium supplemented with 2.0mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1mg/L BA. To find out optimal conditions, embryogenic cells were cultured some condition as different concentrations of 2,4-D, medium and sucrose. There was cultured on 1/2MS liquid medium containing different concentration of 2,4-D. When embryogenic cells were cultured on 1/2MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L 2,4-D, cell propagation rate was higher than other concentration of 2,4-D. When embryogenic cells were cultured on different media that MS, Gambols B5, N6, White, SH medium, observed the highest multiplication rate among Gambols B5 and White medium. To find out of effect of sucrose to embryogenic cells propagation, we tested cells under different concentrations. Optimal concentration of sucrose appeared to be a basal medium added 3% sucrose. Above results suggest that optimal conditions for proliferation of embryogenic cells were established Gambols B5 and White medium added 1.0mg/L 2,4-D and 3% sucrose. There is every possibility achieving embryogenic cells proliferation via bioreactor culture system in Kalopanax pictus.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1991

We have investigated influencing factors on viability of Bletilla striata protoplasts electroporated in the presence of various electrical conditions. Cultures of embryogenic callus and embryogenic cell suspension were established with immature seeds of Bletilla striata. Viabilty of electroporated protoplasts was decreased according to the increaseing of electroporation voltage and capacitance. An optimal condition of electroporation for viable protoplasts was in HBM buffer at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

A method for long-term conservation of somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosos was described. Suspension cultured globular somatic embryos were successfully conservated for 36 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The embryos resumed growth within two weeks when returned to MS liquid medium containing $0.2\;mg/{\ell}$. 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The optimal condition for cell proliferation was achieved when somatic embryos cultured at $32^{\circ}C$ in 1/3 MS liquid medium, and about 1.2 g of embryogenic cell was induced from 150 globular embryos after 6 weeks of suspension culture. The embryogenic cells produced from these somatic embryos exhibited normal plant regeneration on auxin-free medium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.306-316
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• 1997

Embryogenic calli were induced from mature seed scutella of anther culture-derived rice variety Zhonghua 8. Cell suspension cultures were initiated from friable embryogenic calli and utilized as source material for protoplast isolation. Generally, the older and finer cell suspensions gave higher protoplast yields than younger suspension cultures. Protoplasts exhibited sustained cell division and formed microcalli when cultured in KPR medium supplemented with 0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ 2,4-D, 1.0 mg $l^{-1}$ NAA and 0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ zeatin using the agarose embedding procedure without feeder cells. Protoplast plating efficiencies ranged from 0.20 to 0.54％. Microcalli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg $l^{-1}$ kinetin and 0.5mg $l^{-1}$ NAA for plant regeneration. The regeneration frequencies were 2 to 12％, depending on the cell suspension lines of Zhonghua 8. The plants were transferred to the glasshouse and were fertile.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.461-465
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• 2012

This study was carried out to select the appropriate medium (especially, carbon and nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and pH) for somatic embryogenesis in order to develop the rapid mass production system in suspension culture of Oplopanax elatus Nakai. Direct somatic embryos were obtained from root explants in the hormone free suspension culture (MS). Combination of $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$ at the ratio of 1650 (mg/${\ell}$) : 1900 (mg/${\ell}$) obtained the better result to produce somatic embryo in suspension culture. MS medium supplemented with $170mg/{\ell}$ $KH_2PO_4$. The addition of 1 and 3% sucrose was effective for formation of embryogenic callus. Therefore, this report will be helped to improve the establishment for suspension culture in Oplopanax elatus Nakai.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

This study was conducted to establish the optimal suspension culture system for both the propagation of embryogenic cells (ECs) and the induction of somatic embryos (SEs) of Kalopanax septemlobus. The proliferation rate of ECs was reduced as the inoculum density was increased; the highest rate was obtained when 0.1 g/100 ml of cells was initially inoculated. According to the analysis of cell growth pattern and cell growth cycle (G1, Sand G2/M), the cell growth started in 5 days culture initiation, grew rapidly until 15 days and then decreased gradually. Distinctive changes of the cell growth cycle by the culture periods was also observed; the growth cycle was doubled from initial 5.6% to 11.7% of S stage in 5 days culture and then reached in stable stages again. Therefore, the results indicated that a 15-day-cycle was the optimal culture period for the propagation of the ECs through the suspension culture. Furthermore, the cell inoculum density was also important for the induction of SE; more than 65% of SEs at the torpedo stage was induced by using the low level of cell inoculum (0.5 g/L), while the higher inoculum densities were rapidly reduced the proportion of SEs at that stage. Although the higher inoculum density delayed the development of SE, it did not affect the proportion of SEs at the globular and heart stage. In conclusion, this study showed that the suspension culture of the Kalopanax septemlobus ECs through the control of inoculum density was an efficient way for both the propagation of ECs and the induction of SEs, suggesting that the development of this system might help to reduce the culture period for the somatic embryo production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.501-505
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• 1998

Conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspension cultures derived from hypocotyl explants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) are described. Cells cryoprotected with a mixture of 2 M DMSO and 0.4 M sucrose exhibited a regeneration frequency of 85%. However, cells cryoprotected with different concentrations of glycerol showed no regeneration after cryopreservation. Pretreatment of cells in a high osmotic medium was not necessary to the process. Upon transfer to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, regenerated calli gave rise to numerous somatic embryos, then underwent development into plantlets.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2000

Embryogenic suspension cultures were initiated using embryogenic callus from immature inflorescence explants (Aralia cordata Thunb.) cultured on solid MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 8 weeks and then the embryogenic callus was proliferated in liquid MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D. After sieving the suspensions (pore size 270$\mu$m), embryogenic cells were cultured in liquid MS medium with cytokinins (kinetin, BA, zeatin) for two weeks. When the embryogenic cells were transferred to liquid MS basal medium, primary somatic embryos were developed after 5 weeks of culture. Secondary embryos were developed directly from the primary torpedo and cotyledonary embryos cultured in solid MS basal medium. Frequency of secondary embryogenesis was higher on medium containing 2 mg/L kinetin than the other cytokinins. Plant regeneration was highly recorded by placing secondary cotyledonary embryos induced from primary cotyledonary embryos in MS medium containing 2 mg/L kinetin or 2 mg/L zeatin (25.4% and 28.6%, respectively). The plant regeneration from secordary embryos was prohibited by tertiary embryogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of cadmium on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured cells of Daucus carota L. Embryogenic calli were induced from cotyledon explants of carrot seedlings cultured on MS solid medium supplemente with 1 mg/L 2,4-D Embryogenic cells proliferated on medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D were also cultured in liquid MS medium containing various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 $\mu$M) of cadmium for one week and then transferred to MS basal medium. Somatic embryogenesis occurred in suspension culture treated with 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M cadmium or untreated with cadmium. When cadmium was treated in suspension culture, production of two and four cotyledonary somatic embryos was reduced, but that of three cotyledonary somatic embryo was increased. Two cotyledonary embryos showed higher regeneration frequency than abnormal somatic embryo with one, three and four cotyledon. Regardless of cotyledonary variation, germination frequency of somatic embryos treated with cadmium was decreased in compared with that of embryos in basal medium.