• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2014

최근 토목구조물의 보수 보강 및 리모델링시 구조부재를 부착시키거나 고정하는데 있어서 시공의 유연성 및 용이성으로 후설치 앵커의 사용량이 증가하고 있는 실정이지만 현재 우리나라에서는 설계자와 시공자가 신뢰할 수 있는 명확한 설계기준이 없는 상태로서 외국의 설계기준에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 무근콘크리트에 매입된 앵커에 인발하중이 작용할 때 앵커의 다양한 파괴모드는 콘크리트 파괴, 쪼갬파괴, 강재파괴, 뽑힘파괴 및 측면파괴가 발생한다. 이것은 강재의 인장 강도, 콘크리트 강도, 매입 깊이, 앵커 간격, 연단거리와 인접 앵커의 존재에 따라 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 매입깊이, 앵커간격 및 연단거리를 변수로 한 후설치 콘크리트 세트앵커의 인발파괴실험을 통하여 무근콘크리트에 매입된 후설치 세트앵커의 인발거동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.839-856
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• 2012

To enable remodeling of the exterior of buildings more convenient, such finishing materials as curtain walls, metal panels, concrete panels or dry stones need to be easily detached. In this respect, this study proposed a new design of the slab for the purposes. In the new design, the sides of the slab were properly modified, and the capabilities of anchors fixed in the modified slab were experimentally tested. In details, a number of concrete specimens with different sizes and compressive strengths were prepared, and the effect of anchors with different diameters and embedment depths applied in the concrete specimens were tested. The test results of the maximum capacities of the anchors were compared with the number of current design codes and the stress distribution was identified. This study found that the embedment depth specified in the current design code (ACI318-08) should be revised to be more than 1.5 times the edge distance. However, with the steel sheet reinforcement, the experiment acquired higher tensile strength than the design code proposed. In addition, for two types of specimens in the tensile strength experiment, the current design code (ACI 318-08) is overestimated for the anchor depth of 75 mm. This study demonstrated that the ideal breakout failure was attainable for the side slot details of a slab with more than 180 mm of a slab thickness and less than 75 mm of an anchor embedment depth. It is expected that these details of the modified slab can be specified in the upgraded construction design codes.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2011

콘크리트용 앵커볼트의 설계에 $45^{\circ}$ 콘파괴 이론이 그동안 적용되어 왔으나, 2,000년 이후부터 CCD(Concrete Capacity Design) 방법이 새로운 설계법으로 도입되었다. 그러나, 본 방법은 중소형 앵커볼트에 대한 실험 결과에 근거한 관계로 앵커볼트의 직경이 50mm 이하이고 매입깊이가 635mm 이하인 경우에만 허용되고 있다. 따라서 M50 이상의 중대형 앵커볼트에 대한 합리적인 인장파괴강도식의 도출이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 매입깊이 400~450mm의 M56 선설치 단일 앵커볼트의 콘크리트 인장파괴강도 평가를 위해 5개의 시험체에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 그리고, 본 실험 결과와 최근의 타 실험 결과를 종합하여 매입깊이가 280~1,200mm인 중대형급 앵커볼트에 대해 현 설계기준의 인장파괴강도식의 적용성 여부를 평가하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2015

기초의 근입비가 보상기초의 극한지지력과 침하량에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석에 의한 극한지지력비는 이론식에 의한 극한지지력비보다 컸으며 전체적으로 극한지지력비가 근입비에 비례하는 결과를 보였으나 정사각형기초에 대한 수치해석결과만 극한지지력비가 근입비에 따라 급격하게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 모래지반에 놓인 띠기초의 경우 근입비에 따른 극한지지력비는 수치해석과 Meyerhof 방법에 의한 경우가 비슷하였으며 대체로 근입비의 제곱에 가까운 값을 나타내었으며 점토지반에 놓인 띠기초의 경우 이론식에 의할 경우 극한지지력비는 근입비의 영향을 크게 받지 않았고 수치해석결과에 따르면 근입비를 약간 상회하는 값들을 보였다. 수치해석결과에 따르면 근입비에 따른 정사각형기초의 극한지지력비가 띠기초의 그것에 비하여 크게 계산되었다. 수치해석결과를 통해 볼 때 전체적으로 근입비가 1인 경우 침하량비는 0.4 정도의 값을 보이다가 근입비가 커짐에 따라 침하량비가 감소하는 양상을 보였으며 느슨한 모래의 경우 상대적으로 침하량비가 가장 작았다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 매입앵커시스템 설계코드인 ACI 349-01에 제시되지 않은 직경 50mm(2") 이상 유효매입깊이($h_{ef}$) 635mm(25") 이상의 대형 매입앵커시스템에서 전단 파열파괴 성능과 거동특성을 파악하기 위하여 24개의 실규모 시험을 하였다. 시험변수로는 앵커볼트의 직경($d_0$=63.5, 76.2, 88.9mm), 앵커볼트의 매입깊이($h_{ef}$=635, 762mm), 연단거리($c_1$=381, 508, 762mm) 그리고 콘크리트강도($f_{ck}$= 38MPa)로 하였다. 예측식인 $V_{aci06}$과 $V_{ccd}$는 시험결과($V_{test}$)를 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 앵커볼트직경($d_0$) 50mm(2")이상, 유효매입깊이($h_{ef}$) 635mm(25")이상의 대형앵커시스템에서 앵커볼트직경 변화시험과 유효매입깊이 변화시험은 앵커시스템의 전단성능에 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 대형 앵커리지시스템의 연단거리와 앵커볼트의 직경에 대한 형상비에 의한 분석결과 형상비가 작아질수록(앵커볼트의 직경이 커질수록) 시험결과에 대한 예측식의 비가 커지는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 앵커볼트의 직경이 전단강도 저하의 직접적인 원인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 설계기준에 대한 적절한 개선을 위해서는 더 많은 이론적, 해석적 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1997

Helical anchors are foundation structure that designed to resist uplift loads are installed by applying in load to shaft while rotating it into the ground. These can be a cost effective means of proving tension anchorage for foundation where soil conditions permit their installation because of ease of installation. At present time, tapered helical anchors are commonly used to carry uplift loads. The uplift capacity includes the following factors : the height of overburden above the top helix, the resistant along a cylinder, the weight of the soil in the cylinder and suction force. In order to make clear behavior characteristics of helical anchors with pullout, model tests were conducted with respect to various embedment depth, space of helix, shape of helix. Based on the experimental study, the following conclusions are drawn. 1) The uplift capacity of multi helical anchors increase with embedment ratio of anchors The increase is smooth after critical uplift capacity. 2) Critical breakout factors and critical embedment ratio of multi helical anchor exist 7∼8, 4∼6 respectively. 3) Variation of uplift capacity with helix spaces show down after S/D=5. 4) Critical breakout factors of helical anchor in the laboratory test are similar to Das's theory.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

The object of this paper was to evaulate modified proposed design equation in model test result in order to estimate uplift-resistance of timber pile of reclaimed land greenhouse foundation. Uplift resistance result of model test was increased to according to increased of contact area. Uplift-resistance result of field test tend to lineary increased to according to increased of embedment depth and contact area. Results of field uplift-resistance was evaluate compare with modified proposed design equation results of model test and Effective stress method. As the Effective stress method tend to underestimate, modified proposed design equation results of model test tend to similar type. As the contact area increase, difference between field uplift-resistance results and modified proposed design equation results of model test was considered uplift-speed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.165-181
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• 2014

In the past decade, different types of underreamed ground anchors have been developed for substructures requiring uplift resistance. This article introduces a new type of umbrella-shaped anchor. The uplift behavior of this ground anchor in clay is studied through a series of laboratory and field uplift tests. The test results show that the umbrella-shaped anchor has higher uplift capacity than conventional anchors. The failure mode of the umbrella-shaped anchor in a large embedment depth can be characterized by an arc failure surface and the dimension of the plastic zone depends on the anchor diameter. The anchor diameter and embedment depth have significant influence on the uplift behavior. A finite element model is established to simulate the pullout of the ground anchor. A parametric study using this model is conducted to study the effects of the elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle of soils on the load-displacement relationship of the ground anchor. It is found that the larger the elastic modulus and the shear strength parameters, the higher the uplift capacity of the ground anchor. It is suggested that in engineering design, the soil with stiffer modulus and higher shear strength should be selected as the bearing stratum of this type of anchor.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2021

The behavior of headed bars in concrete is investigated through 108 pullout tests having an embedment depth of eight times the bar diameter in the M20 concrete mix. Headed bars are designed based on ASTM A970-16 and ACI 318-19 recommendations. The primary parameters used in this study are the steel bar diameter, the steel fibers percentage, and the head shapes. Three failure modes namely, Steel, Concrete-Blowout & Pull-Through failure have been observed. Based on load-deflection curves which are plotted to investigate the bond capacity of headed bars, it is observed that the circular-headed bars have displayed the highest peak load. The comparative analysis shows the smaller differences in the ultimate bond strength between MC2010 (0.89-2.26 MPa) and EN 1992-1-1 (2.32 MPa) as compared to ACI-318-19 (11-22 MPa) which is due to the absence of embedment depth and peak load factor in MC2010 and EN 1992-1-1 respectively.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.531-545
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• 2023

Composite dowels are implemented as a powerful alternative to headed studs for the efficient combination of Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) with high-strength steel in novel composite structures. They are required to provide sufficient shear resistance and ensure the transmission of tensile forces in the composite connection in order to prevent lifting of the concrete slab. In this paper, the load bearing capacity of puzzle-shaped and clothoidal-shaped dowels encased in UHPC specimen were investigated based on validated experimental test data. Considering the influence of the embedment depth and the spacing width of shear dowels, the characteristics of UHPC square plate on the load bearing capacity of composite structure, 240 numeric models have been constructed and analyzed. Three artificial intelligence approaches have been implemented to learn the discipline from collected experimental data and then make prediction, which includes Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Among the factors, the embedment depth of composite dowel is proved to be the most influential parameter on the load bearing capacity. Furthermore, the results of the prediction models reveal that ELM is capable to achieve more accurate prediction.