• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2007

This study is to find out how well elementary school gardens work as places of observation learning. We compared the tree species planted in elementary school gardens with those which appeared in the science textbooks of the 7th Korean National Curriculum. The number of tree species are 60 throughout all the grades, specifically; 43 in the third grade, 22 in the fifth grade, 16 in the first grade, 15 in the second grade, 8 in the sixth grade, and 5 in the fourth grade, respectively. Their frequency of appearance (hereafter referred to as 'appearance frequency') throughout all the grades is 175, and the maximum frequency is 62 in the third grade. Of particular note is the fact that the appearance frequency in one grade was very high, meaning that a repeat study will not be conducted. The total number of tree species counted in the study was 13,028 and consisted of 167 species in 52 families. Only 23% of the total planted tree species, that is, 38 tree species appeared in the textbooks, so the ratio of the practical usage of school gardens was revealed to be low. In the school gardens, there are only an average of about 16 tree species per school. The fewest number of species in one school was 9 and the most was 22. The native species were 74 and the non-native species were 93. This means that almost all the planted species do not relate to observation learning in the textbooks. The 22 tree species among 60 species in the textbooks were not planted in the gardens. In conclusion, the degree of utilization of almost all the elementary school gardens examined during this investigation was very low.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.471-488
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze the illustrations of social studies textbooks in order to find both sex-stereotypes and changing trends of sex-stereotypes last 60 years. For the study, 56 textbooks of elementary social studies of grades 3 to 6 are collected from the first to seventh national curriculum. The illustrations of social studies textbooks are analyzed from two different perspectives. First, it analyzes the numbers of male and female appearances in the work place of the textbook illustrations. Second, it analyzes sex-stereotypes in the work place. Through the analysis, this study tried to find changing trends of sex-stereotypes last 60 years in the illustrations of social studies textbooks. The findings and suggestions are as follows. First, we need to make more female appearances in the illustrations in order to make female and male appearances balanced in the textbooks. Second, we need to make more female appearances in the work place, especially providing more female appearances in the illustrations of high-ranking jobs. Third, we need to present male and female characters more balanced in a variety of life situations, thereby contributing to the equal and just society to come in the near future.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of new & renewable energy education in elementary school textbooks and to develop workbook related new & renewable energy education for elementary school students. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the result of contents analysis energy education and new & renewable energy education through textbooks on 7th elementary school curriculum, subjects including contents related energy are Disciplined Life, Intelligent Life, Moral Education, Social Studies, Science, and Practical Arts. Contents related new & renewable energy are taught $4{\sim}6th$ grades but the quantity and quality of contents are very poor. Second, this study developed workbook related new & renewable energy education for 5th and 6th grades. The workbook is organized with 5 themes that are the need of new & renewable energy, the definition and kinds of new & renewable energy, strengths and weakness of new & renewable energy development, a case of new & renewable energy, and the application of new & renewable energy to practical life. Third, to improve workbook developed, it was applied to 6th grade and then more appropriately modified. Based on the results, it suggests the following for new & renewable energy education. Energy education in elementary school must equally be taught through the all scope of energy education. To solve the energy problem, the content related new & renewable energy education should be included much more both quantity and quality. New & renewable energy education workbook developed in this study is expected to reinforce current textbooks that is being taught a little content of new & renewable energy education.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2019

오늘날 심각하게 대두되고 있는 사회문제 중 하나는 자신의 생명을 스스로 파괴하는 자살이다. 특히 자살생각은 자살로 이어지고 연령도 낮어져 초등학생도 자살생각을 생각하고 있다는 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 이에 연구에서는 초등학생의 또래관계와 부모관계가 자살생각에 미치는 영향과 그 과정에서 있어 불안의 매개효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 초등학교 4-6학년에 재학 중인 273명을 대상으로 또래관계, 부모관계, 불안 및 자살생각에 대한 경로분석를 검증하였다. 주요 분석결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생들의 불안은 또래관계와 자살생각 간에 있어 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학들의 불안은 부모관계와 자살생각과의 관계에 있어 부분매개 하고 있다. 즉, 초등학교 고학년 학생의 자살생각을 낮추기 위해 불안요소를 감소시키기 위한 다양한 실천프로그램을 개발하여 현장에 적용하길 바란다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-185
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• 2010

Astronomy areas in the elementary science textbooks of Korea and the U.S.A. have been compared to find advantages and disadvantages of Korean textbooks. The analysis objects are the 7th national curriculum science textbooks for Korea and the Macmillan McGraw-Hill(MMH) science textbooks for the U.S.A. The results are as follows: First, in contexts, Korean science textbooks contain mostly inquiry activities and partly reading materials. However, MMH ones contain mostly explanations including photographs, related activities, and various reading materials. Second, in the contents and order, the observation activities of constellations are emphasized in Korean science textbooks, while the MMH ones explain solar system up to the universe in details. In addition, Korean science textbooks deal with one subject only once during the whole elementary course while MMH ones deal with one subject repeatedly in several grades. Third, in the frameworks of the international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) 2007, Korean science textbooks do not introduce some contents presented in TIMSS 2007, whereas MMH textbooks introduce every one of them in time. Fourth, the major subjects such as change of moon phases, constellations, the solar system, and change of seasons are handled independently in Korean science textbooks without strong correlation, while they are systematically done related with the rotation and the revolution of the earth in MMH ones.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.476-486
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary gifted students' characteristics of observing and inferring in the inquiry activities. For this study, 40 students of the 4th and 5th grades participated in inquiry activities where the strata were developed well, Haenam Uhangri province. And we analyzed the outcomes of students' inquiry activities. The results are as follows. First, 119 units as observing results were obtained, but most of them showed that they were not focused on the portion of stratus, but that they were implicated in whole stratus as observing object. Second, 90 units were collected with reasoning results, but 4 units of them were wrong in constructing of inferring. Based on outcomes of students' inferring, elementary students preferred to apply deductive inferring method rather than use abductive inferring. Third, only 39 of 119 units acquired from observing were used for constructing inferring and 80 which were discovered from observing activities were discarded without applying of inquiry activities. Fourth, about 42% of students' inferring results were in accord with them of the geologists. But 58% views which didn't agree with geologists showed that they were applied to misconceptions among constructing inferring.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 학생들의 과학에 대한 인식론적 신념을 분석하여 그들의 과학의 목적, 과학 지식의 본성, 과학 지식의 근원, 과학에서의 실험의 역할에 대한 신념의 특징을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상은 S시에 위치한 K 초등학교 4-6학년 학생 99명이고, 과학에 대한 인식론적 신념을 검사하기 위한 도구로 Elder(1999)가 그의 연구에서 제시한 과학에 대한 인식론적 신념을 구성하는 요소로 이루어진 검사지를 번안하여 사용하였다. 설문지 응답을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학의 목적에 대한 인식론적 신념을 분석한 결과, 6학년이 가장 현대적인 신념을 보유하고 있었다. 둘째, 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 신념의 경우, 4학년이 5, 6학년과 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 과학 지식의 근원과 과학에서의 실험의 역할에 대한 신념을 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 재활복지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.231-246
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• 2018

조음교대운동(DDK)은 구강운동능력과 운동 협응 능력을 평가하여 조음기관의 기능을 알아본다. 현재 국내에는 초등학생을 대상으로 한 DDK 규준데이터가 부족하여 초등학교 1, 2학년 아동을 대상으로 학년 및 성별에 따른 DDK 속도와 규칙성의 특성을 알아보고 규준데이터를 제공하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상은 광주광역시 초등학교에 재학 중인 1학년(남자 45명, 여자 50명)과 2학년(남자: 47명, 여자: 52명), 총 194명이며 수행과제는 AMR '퍼', '터', '커'와 SMR '퍼터커'를 사용하였고 Motor Speech Profile advanced (Model 5141)와 Window용 Praat을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, AMR 속도는 '퍼', '터', '커' 모두 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차가 있었으며 2학년의 AMR 속도가 더 빨랐고 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 둘째, AMR 규칙성은 '퍼', '터', '커' 모두 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 여학생의 AMR이 더 규칙적인 것으로 나타났고 학년에 따른 규칙성에서는 차이가 없었다. 셋째, SMR 속도는 '퍼터커' 모두 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 2학년 집단에서 SMR 속도가 더 빨랐고 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 학년과 성별에 따른 상호작용 효과는 AMR과 SMR 속도와 규칙성에서는 모두 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 초등학교 1, 2학년 아동의 DDK 수행력이 학년과 성별에 따라 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 차후 연구에서는 속도와 규칙성 외에 조음정확도, 말 명료도 등과의 상관을 알아봄으로써 조음평가에서 DDK 수행력의 활용성을 알아볼 필요가 있다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-167
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• 2021

After experiencing school closures and online learning caused by COVID-19, the important role of school education was reinforced. Elementary school is the foundation of life and allows students to develop both social and academic skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediational role of Self-Regulatory Skills (SRS) on the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (MPA) and School Adjustment (SA) of elementary school students. A total of 99 students enrolled in an international school in Seoul, Korea from grades 3 to 6 participated in this study. Data were analyzed through Independent Sample T-Test, one way ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis using the SPSS 23.0. The findings of the study were as follows. First, there is a difference between genders and among grades. Second, only acceptance was significantly related to school adjustment. Third, acceptance, strict control, and accepted control are significantly related to SRS. Fourth, Self-Regulatory Skills (Sustained Attention) fully mediate the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (Acceptance) and School Adjustment (Academic Attitude/ Rule compliance). Educational implications for understanding the role of parenting attitude and future directions are discussed.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.70-85
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the energy campaign environmental education of 3rd graders in elementary school in Seoul. The students were divided into an experiment group and a control group. A reconstructed questionnaire through Kim(2005) and Lee(2005)'s test tool was used to survey the effects of applying the energy campaign environmental education program. The i-STATistics program was used to analyze the results. The major results of this study are as follows. First, the researcher was able to develop and apply teaching-learning model for energy campaign environmental education by extracting and recreating the energy education-related contents from the lower grades(1, 2, 3 grade) in 2007 elementary school curriculum. Second, this program had a positive effect on pro-environmental altitudes of elementary school students. Third, this program had a positive correlation among the 3 subdomains of cognitive, affective and behavioral. Fourth, according to qualitative analysis, the students appear to be more concerned in the overall environmental problems containing energy problem and showed a higher will to act while participating in the environmental education through energy campaign program. In conclusion, this program is more directly effective than lectures on energy following the curriculum to improve student's pro-environmental altitudes. Therefore, more intensive research on teaching and learning activities should be highly considered.