• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2002

Recently, the number of Internet shopping malls increases dramatically Internet shopping malls offer direct sales by electronic catalogs. As compared with to physical stores and paper catalogs, electronic catalogs differ in terms of the varieties and types of products offered, promotional efforts, service, interface, ordering and delivering, and so on. This paper analysed the features of electronic catalogs for fisheries by 45 variables. By descriptive statistics of electronic catalogs for fisheries, most electron)c catalogs had sufficient product related information. But promotion and transaction security related features were scarce. And some development technologies of electronic catalogs for fisheries were obsolete. By factor analysis, there were 9 factors of electronic catalogs for fisheries, that was, design of product pages, transaction information, playfulness, convenience of product selection, interface design, design of homepages, product information, learning capability, other electronic catalog related factor. Thus in standardizing electronic catalog for fisheries products, the above 9 factors should be reflected significantly.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.98-103
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• 2001

In case that electronic ballast employing a valley-fill passive power factor correction (PFC) circuit is used for feeding fluorescent lamps, a new method to reduce crest factor of the lamp current is studied in this paper. In order to reduce crest factor to lower value, a pulse frequency modulation technique based on the waveform of the dc-link voltage which is predetermined by the passive PFC circuit, is taken into the switching control action of the electronic ballast. An equation-based analysis between the crest factor of lamp current and the effect of varying the inverter switching frequency is comprehensively performed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.699-707
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• 2012

This paper proposes a single-stage half-bridge electronic ballast with a high power factor using only a single coupled inductor. Compared to conventional high power factor electronic ballasts, the proposed ballast is a simpler circuit with a low cost and a high reliability. The proposed ballast is made up of a power-factor-correction (PFC) circuit and a self-oscillating class-D inverter. The PFC and inverter stages of the proposed ballast are simplified by sharing only a single coupled inductor and two common switches. The proposed PFC circuit can achieve a high power factor and low voltage stresses of the switches. A saturable transformer in the self-oscillating class-D inverter determines the switching frequency of the ballast. Experimental results obtained on a 30W fluorescent lamp are discussed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2012

This paper presents the use of a novel, single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with a symmetrical class-DE low-$d{\upsilon}$/$dt$ resonant rectifier as a power-factor corrector for fluorescent lamps. The power-factor correction is achieved by using a bridge rectifier to utilize the function of a symmetrical class-DE resonant rectifier. By employing this topology, the peak and ripple values of the input current are reduced, allowing for a reduced filter inductor volume of the EMI filter. Since the conduction angle of the bridge rectifier diode current was increased, a low-line current harmonic and a power factor near unity can be obtained. A prototype ballast, operating at an 84-kHz fixed frequency and a 220-$V_{rms}$, 50-Hz line input voltage, was utilized to drive a T8-36W fluorescent lamp. Experimental results are presented which verify the theoretical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2011

Digital leader caught seat by modern's everyday life tool now by popularization of smart device such as Smart phone and Tablet PC. Therefore, desire of readers about electronic book practical use is increasing based on convenience and economic performance of electronic book. 1971, Michael S. Hart established Project Gutenberg to produced first electronic book because inputs American Independence Declaration Statement by computer and produce more electronic books. After that, an electronic book technology repeats several times development and American electronic book take is increasing rapidly. Sales volume of electronic books is dramatically increasing in Korea since digital device such as Smart phone and Tablet PC became popular. This research attempts to analyze factors influencing on shifting from paper book to electronic book. Results of this research proposed grounds for building business strategy. Finding is the factor of social influence is only significant to acceptability intention. It means user of e-Book enhance their acceptability intention along social phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.428-432
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• 2014

The Hall factor in a two-dimensional device with indirect conduction valleys is calculated for several growth on various strain conditions. In the [001] or [111] growth direction, the two-dimensional constant energy surfaces of occupied valleys are shown to be isotropically distributed. However, in the [110] growth direction, the distribution of occupied valleys on the plane is not isotropic. This fact is the reason for the anisotropic Hall factor on the sample plane.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.30
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• pp.27-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify key obstacles to the adoption of electronic bill of lading and to suggest an effective way to promote the utilization of electronic bill of lading in international trade field. This study finds that all the respondants have not used 'true' electronic bill of lading that is issued and distributed electronically, and most of them agreed the needs of e-B/L adoption, but their intentions to adopt e-B/L remain very low in the present situation. Five obstacles to the adoption of e-B/L were derived from an explanatory factor analysis: 'integration' factor, 'law institution' factor, 'usability' factor, 'economic efficiency' factor, and 'security' factor. Solutions to promote the utilization of e-B/L in international trade field are as follows; Firstly, to endow e-B/L with the legal force through amending relevant laws including the commercial law. Secondly, to conclude the relevant international agreement, and to carry out joint projects between nations are needed. Thirdly, to conduct publicity campaigns is required to increase the understanding of the concepts and benefits of e-B/L to all concerned parties. Fourthly, stable and reliable system must be constructed with high level security. Fifthly, to readjust the service fee of e-B/L system to a realistic level is to be needed in order for user companies to use e-B/L service.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 1993

The protein binding of salicylate analogs has been investigated by equilibrium dialysis. A series of binding experiments were performed in order to elucidate the effects of physicochemical properties of salicylate analogs on the binding with bovine serum albumin. Attempts to correlate affinity constants with capacity factor, steric factor and Hammett ${\sigma}$ values suggested hydrophobic forces to be involved in the binding of salicylate analogs. Steric factor contributes to binding process partly, whereas electronic interaction appears to be insignificant.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.59-79
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• 1999

In order to construct a successful electronic commerce system, three main essential factors must be satisfied to obtain the best effective outcomes. The three main essential factors are as follows : economic factor, effectiveness factor and convenient factor. In order to understand the role of these three factors, one must have some insight knowledge about security to assist him to implement these three factors in his construction of an electronic commerce system. This paper analyses a implementation mechanism of security systems based on the SET 1.0 standard for electronic commerce systems, thus providing an effective plan for the construction of a security system in the SET-based electronic commerce field. This paper helps to analyse the elements of security vulnerabilities in the SET 1.0 standard implementation and also helps to understand the SET 1.0 protocol.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07f
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• pp.2562-2564
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• 1999

We have development the electronic ballast for metal halide discharge (MHD) lamp. The ballast consists of the boost pre-converter for power factor correction (PFC), a flyback a converter, half-bridge inverter and ignitor. To reject acoustic resonance phenomena, we have designed electronic ballast driving with the low frequency square wave. As results of this study, the ballast had not flicker phenomena and promoted corrected the factor (PF) highly